Electronics: Difference between revisions

As the complexity of circuits grew, problems arose.<ref name="The History of the Integrated Circuit"/> One problem was the size of the circuit. A complex circuit like a computer was dependent on speed. If the components were large, the wires interconnecting them must be long. The electric signals took time to go through the circuit, thus slowing the computer.<ref name="The History of the Integrated Circuit">{{cite web|title=The History of the Integrated Circuit|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/integrated_circuit/history/|publisher=Nobelprize.org|access-date=21 Apr 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629102838/https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/physics/integrated_circuit/history/ |archive-date=29 Jun 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[invention of the integrated circuit]] by [[Jack Kilby]] and [[Robert Noyce]] solved this problem by making all the components and the chip out of the same block (monolith) of semiconductor material. The circuits could be made smaller, and the manufacturing process could be automated. This led to the idea of integrating all components on a single-crystal [[silicon]] wafer, which led to small-scale integration (SSI) in the early 1960s, and then medium-scale integration (MSI) in the late 1960s, followed by [[VLSI]]. In 2008, billion-transistor processors became commercially available.<ref>{{cite web |title=Intel to deliver first computer chip with two billion transistors |url=https://www.smh.com.au/technology/intel-to-deliver-first-computer-chip-with-two-billion-transistors-20080205-1q88.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |access-date=August 12, 2022 |language=en |date=5 February 2008 |archive-date=12 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220812072943/https://www.smh.com.au/technology/intel-to-deliver-first-computer-chip-with-two-billion-transistors-20080205-1q88.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

 

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* [[Analog electronics]]

=== Analog circuits ===

{{Main|Analog electronics}}

 

 

 

 

=== Digital circuits ===