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| script = {{ubl|[[Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet|Moldovan Cyrillic]] ([[Transnistria]])|[[Romanian alphabet|Latin alphabet]] ([[Ukraine]])}}
| nation = ''{{flag|Transnistria}}''
| minority = {{flag|Ukraine}}
| isoexception = none
| glotto = none
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{{Eastern Romance languages}}
'''Moldovan''' or '''Moldavian''' (Romanian: {{Lang|ro|limba moldovenească}}, [[Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet]]: {{Lang|ro-cyrl|лимба молдовеняскэ}}) is one of the two local names for the [[Romanian language]] in [[Moldova]].<ref>{{harvnb|Kogan Page|2004|p=242}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Directorate-General for Translation of the European Commission |title=A Field Guide to the Main Languages of Europe – Spot That Language and How to Tell Them Apart |date=2008 |url=http://extranet.isti.ulb.ac.be/telecharge2.php?user=0&nomfic=willmott%2Fbac2_linguistics%2Fsection%201%20-%20%20history%20of%20linguistics%20indo-eur%20langs%20%20units%201%20and%202%2Ffield_guide_main_languages_of_europe_en.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117032940/http://extranet.isti.ulb.ac.be/telecharge2.php?user=0&nomfic=willmott%2Fbac2_linguistics%2Fsection%201%20-%20%20history%20of%20linguistics%20indo-eur%20langs%20%20units%201%20and%202%2Ffield_guide_main_languages_of_europe_en.pdf |edition=3rd |access-date=7 April 2020 |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Moldovan'' was declared the official language of Moldova in Article 13 of the [[Constitution of Moldova|constitution]] adopted in 1994,<ref name="Constitution">{{Cite web|url=http://gov.md/content/ro/0000072.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226205217/http://gov.md/content/ro/0000072.pdf|url-status=dead|at=Article 13, line 1 |title=Constitution of the Republic of Moldova|archive-date=26 February 2008}}</ref> while the 1991 [[Declaration of Independence of Moldova]] used the name ''Romanian''. In 2003, the [[Moldovan parliament]] adopted a law defining ''Moldovan'' and ''Romanian'' as [[Linguonym|glottonyms]] for the same language.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Politics of National Conception of Moldova|url=http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=312846|access-date=10 March 2014|work=Law No. 546/12-19-2003|language=ro|archive-date=10 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310213233/http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=312846|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2013, the [[Constitutional Court of Moldova]] interpreted that Article 13 of the constitution is superseded by the Declaration of Independence,<ref name="const-court">{{cite news | title = Hotărâre Nr. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. (1) din Constituție în corelație cu Preambulul Constituției și Declarația de Independență a Republicii Moldova (Sesizările nr. 8b/2013 și 41b/2013) | publisher = Constitutional Court of Moldova | quote = 124. ... Prin urmare, Curtea consideră că prevederea conținută în Declarația de Independență referitoare la limba română ca limbă de stat a Republicii Moldova prevalează asupra prevederii referitoare la limba moldovenească conținute în articolul 13 al Constituției. | trans-quote = 124. ... Therefore, the Court considers that the provision contained in the Declaration of Independence regarding the Romanian language as the state language of the Republic of Moldova prevails over the provision regarding the Moldovan language contained in Article 13 of the Constitution. | language = ro | url = http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | access-date = 20 December 2013 | archive-date = 5 March 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160305051137/http://constcourt.md/download.php?file=cHVibGljL2NjZG9jL2hvdGFyaXJpL3JvLWhfMzZfMjAxM19yby5wZGY%3D | url-status = live }}</ref> thus giving official status to the name ''Romanian''.<ref name="foxnews">{{Cite news |date=2013-12-05 |title=Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan' |work=[[Fox News]] |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored/ |access-date=2013-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209102718/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/12/05/moldovan-court-rules-official-language-is-romanian-replacing-soviet-flavored |archive-date=2013-12-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| title=Chisinau Recognizes Romanian As Official Language| newspaper=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty| date=5 December 2013| access-date=11 March 2014| archive-date=23 September 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923021555/http://www.rferl.org/content/moldova-romanian-official-language/25191455.html| url-status=live}}</ref> The [[List of states with limited recognition|breakaway region]] of [[Transnistria]] continues to recognize
The language of the Moldovans had for centuries been interchangeably identified by both terms, but during the time of the [[Soviet Union]], ''Moldovan'', or as it was called at the time, ''Moldavian'', was the only term officially recognized. Its resolution declared Moldavian a distinct [[Romance language]] from Romanian.
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When in 1993 the [[Romanian Academy]] changed the official orthography of the Romanian language, the Institute of Linguistics at the [[Academy of Sciences of Moldova]] did not initially make these changes, which however have since been adopted.{{source needed|date=March 2021}}
In 1996, the Moldovan president [[Mircea Snegur]] attempted to change the official [[glottonym|name of the language]] back to ''Romanian''; the Moldovan Parliament,
In 2003, a [[Moldovan–Romanian dictionary]] ({{lang|ro|Dicționar Moldovenesc–Românesc}} (2003)) by [[Vasile Stati]] was published aiming to prove that there existed two distinct languages. Reacting to this, linguists of the [[Romanian Academy]] in Romania declared that all the Moldovan words are also Romanian words, although some of its contents are disputed as being Russian [[loanword]]s. In Moldova, the head of the [[Academy of Sciences of Moldova|Academy of Sciences]]' Institute of Linguistics, {{Interlanguage link multi|Ion Bărbuță|ro}}, described the dictionary as "an absurdity, serving political purposes". Stati, however, accused both of promoting "Romanian colonialism". At that point, a group of Romanian linguists adopted a resolution stating that promotion of the notion of a distinct Moldovan language is an anti-scientific campaign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ziare.ro/articol.php?id=1193864896 |website=Ziare.ro |title=Linguists condemn "Moldovan language" |access-date=10 November 2007 |language=ro |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804012158/http://www.ziare.ro/articol.php?id=1193864896 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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In the [[2004 Moldovan Census|2004 census]], 16.5% (558,508) of the 3,383,332 people living in Moldova declared Romanian as their native language, whereas 60% declared Moldovan. Most of the latter responses were from rural populations. While the majority of the population in the capital city of [[Chișinău]] gave their language as "Romanian", in the countryside more than six-sevenths of the Romanian/Moldovan speakers indicated "Moldovan" as their native language, reflecting historic conservatism.<ref name="Census 2004">{{cite web|url=http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&idc=263&id=2208|title=2004 Population Census|work=National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova|access-date=14 July 2016|archive-date=13 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113163934/http://www.statistica.md/pageview.php?l=en&id=2208&idc=263|url-status=live}}</ref>
In the Republic of Moldova, “more than half of the self-proclaimed Moldovans (53.5%) said that they saw no difference” between the Romanian and Moldovan languages according to a survey conducted by Pal Kolsto and Hans Olav Melberg in 1998.<ref>Pal Kolsto with Hans Olav Melberg, “Integration, Alienation, and Conflict in Estonia and Moldova,” in Pal Kolsto (ed.), National Integration and Violent Conflict in Post-Soviet Societies (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.), p. 34. The article discusses the data of the survey. The data also includes Transnistria, the mostly Russian-speaking area of eastern Moldova. It should be noted that, out of 1,200 individuals who were surveyed, 761 had a “Moldovan” self-awareness and forty-one had a “Romanian” self-awareness. See Kolsto, p. 35.</ref> Opinion polling from the Chernivtsi oblast indicated that a significant majority of the self-identified Moldovans thought that there was no difference between Moldovan and Romanian in that part of Ukraine.<ref>Ion Popescu and Constantin Ungureanu, ''Romanii dn Ucraina - intre trecut si viitor'', vol. 1 (''Romanii din Regiunea Cernauti''), Cernauti, 2005.</ref>.
In schools in Moldova, the term ''Romanian language'' has been used since independence.<ref name=":1" />
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On 18 October, Ukrainian authorities promised to "resolve the issue of artificial separation between the Romanian and "Moldovan" languages by implementing appropriate practical measures with due consideration of all legal aspects."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-18 |title=Спільна заява прем'єр-міністрів України та Румунії за результатами першого засідання урядів двох країн |url=https://www.kmu.gov.ua/news/spilna-zaiava-premier-ministriv-ukrainy-ta-rumunii-za-rezultatamy-pershoho-zasidannia-uriadiv-dvokh-krain |website=Кабінет Міністрів України |language=uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-19 |title=Bucharest Says Kyiv Recognizes Romanian As Official Language of Romanian Minority |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-romania-language-minority/32644995.html |website=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty}}</ref> Former Moldovan president [[Igor Dodon]], as well as the [[Revival Party (Moldova)|Revival Party]], have criticised this decision.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://newsmaker.md/ro/dodon-si-renastere-indignati-ca-ucraina-nu-mai-recunoaste-existenta-limbii-moldovenesti-au-refuzat-identitatea-moldovenilor/ | title=Dodon și "Renaștere", indignați că Ucraina nu mai recunoaște existența "limbii moldovenești": "Au refuzat identitatea moldovenilor" | date=19 October 2023 }}</ref> According to an expert on Ukrainian affairs interviewed by the Romanian newspaper ''[[Libertatea]]'', "Marcel Ciolacu's visit to Ukraine marked the end of a diplomatic effort by the Republic of Moldova and Romania in the face of Kyiv but, at the same time, it marks only the beginning of a difficult, lasting process within the Ukrainian state." Thus, the Moldovan language would not have been derecognised by Ukraine on 18 October, this was only in process.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.libertatea.ro/stiri/document-oficial-ce-nu-au-spus-guvernele-romaniei-si-al-ucrainei-schimbarea-limbii-moldovenesti-in-limba-romana-e-abia-in-faza-de-se-inainteaza-propuneri-4720952|title=DOCUMENT OFICIAL. Ce nu au spus guvernele României și Ucrainei: schimbarea "limbii moldovenești" în "limba română" e abia în faza de "se înaintează propuneri"|first=Marin|last=Gherman|newspaper=[[Libertatea]]|date=16 November 2023|language=ro}}</ref>
On 16 November, the Ministry of Education and Science
On 13 January 2024, Ukrainian newspaper ''Dumska'' reported that the Ukrainian Ministry of Education and Science had announced all 16 schools in Odesa Oblast teaching "Moldovan" had dropped the term in favor of Romanian.<REF name="AutoK4-40"/> However, Anatol Popescu, president of the Bessarabia National–Cultural Association, reported that in the Romanian school of {{ill|Utkonosivka|ro|Erdec-Burnu, Ismail|uk|Утконосівка}} ({{lang|ro|Erdec-Burnu}}), the term had been replaced with "language of the national minority" instead, protesting against this and against other issues that had been reported regarding the school's intended renaming and reorganization into a high school.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.ziarulnational.md/noi-probleme-la-o-scoala-romaneasca-din-ucraina-limba-moldoveneasca-a-fost-inlocuita-cu-limba-minoritatii-nationale-nu-cu-romana/|title=Noi probleme la o școală românească din Ucraina. "Limba moldovenească" a fost înlocuită cu "limba minorității naționale", nu cu româna|newspaper=Ziarul Național|date=30 January 2024|language=ro}}</ref>
== Controversy ==
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