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Line 1: {{Short description\|Venezuelan lawyer, politician, and writer (1772–1829)}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}}▼ {{Infobox officeholder \| name=Cristóbal Mendoza Line 7 ⟶ 10: \| term_end=21 March 1812 \| successor=[[Francisco Espejo]] \| predecessor=Office established; [[Francisco Tomás Morales]] as [[List of governors of Venezuela Province\|Captain General of Venezuela]] \| birth_name=José Cristóbal Hurtado de Mendoza y Montilla \| birth_date= {{birth date\|df=yes\|1772\|6\|23}} \| birth_place= [[Trujillo State\|Trujillo]], [[Viceroyalty of New Granada]], [[Spanish Empire]] \| death_date={{death date and age\|df=yes\|1829\|2\|8\|1772\|6\|23}} \| death_place= [[Caracas]], [[Gran Colombia]] <br/> (now [[Venezuela]]) \| spouse = Juana Mendoza Briceño Mendez <br/> Maria Regina Montilla Pumar <br/> Gertudis Buroz Tovar \| religion= \| signature=Cristóbal Mendoza Signature.svg \|}} '''José Cristóbal Hurtado de Mendoza y Montilla''' (23 June 1772 – 8 February 1829), commonly known as '''Cristóbal Mendoza''', was a Venezuelan lawyer, politician, writer, and academic. Cristobal is best known for serving as the first official [[List of Presidents of Venezuela\|President of Venezuela]] from 1811 to 1812.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> After earning a master's degree in philosophy in [[Caracas]]<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> and his [[doctor utriusque juris]] (Doctor of Canon and [[Civil law (legal system)\|Civil Law]]) in the [[Dominican Republic]],<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> early in his professional career he served in various law firms in [[Trujillo, Trujillo\|Trujillo]], [[Mérida, Mérida\|Mérida]], and Caracas. He moved to [[Barinas, Barinas\|Barinas]] in 1796 to practice law,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> and in 1807 was elected Mayor of Barinas. In 1810, Mendoza joined the insurgent movement started by wealthy Caracan citizens against the Spanish crown,<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> and in 1811<ref name="Entorno_Mendoza"/> was elected to represent the province of Barinas in the newly founded Constituent Congress of Venezuela. Days later he was appointed the first president of the [[First Republic of Venezuela]], a role he shared as part of a triumvirate. Until his term ended in March 1812,<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> Mendoza began the war for independence against the parts of Venezuela that still supported the Spanish monarchy, authored the [[Venezuelan Declaration of Independence]], and also took part in constructing the [[Constitution of Venezuela (1811)\|first Constitution of the Republic of Venezuela]].<ref name="Diccionario_Perozo_1999"/> In 1813 Mendoza fled a [[royalist (Hispanic American Revolution)\|royalist]] invasion and moved to [[Grenada]],<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> and soon after he joined [[Simon Bolivar]]'s effort to liberate South America from Spanish rule. Bolivar appointed Mendoza the governor of [[Mérida, Mérida\|Mérida]] in May 1813,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> and Mendoza was appointed governor of Caracas several months later.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/><ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Fleeing Venezuela again in 1814 when [[José Tomás Boves]] conquered Caracas,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Mendoza moved to [[Trinidad]],<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> where from 1819 and 1820<ref name="Biografias_Vida"/> he was an active political writer for the ''[[Correo del Orinoco]]''.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> In 1826,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> [[Francisco de Paula Santander]] appointed Mendoza as Mayor of the Department of Venezuela in the empire of [[Gran Colombia]]. After a short exile under General [[Jose Antonio Paez]],<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in 1827 Bolivar re-appointed him Mayor of the Department of Venezuela,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> a role Medoza kept until resigning<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in the middle of 1828.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> In commemoration of Mendoza, in 1972, Venezuela enacted National Lawyer Day (Día Nacional del Abogado) on Mendoza's birth date of 23 June.<ref name="Venelogia_2010"/> == Early life and education == José Cristóbal Hurtado de Mendoza y Montilla was born in the [[Trujillo, Trujillo\|Trujillo city and area]] of [[Venezuela]] on 23 June 1772 to his parents Luis Bernardo Hurtado de Mendoza y Valera and Gertrudis Eulalia Montilla y Briceño.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> He was educated by his father in a Franciscan Monastery under the tutelage of Friar Antonio de Pereira.{{citation needed\|date=August 2016}} At the age of 16, he was sent to [[Caracas]] to complete his education [[Central University of Venezuela\|at the university]], where he earned a bachelor of arts degree in philosophy<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in 1791. He studied for his master's degree at the university until 1793.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> He afterwards began attending university in [[Santo Domingo]] in the [[Dominican Republic]], where in 1794 obtained his [[doctorate degree]] in both [[Person (canon law)\|canonical rights]] and [[civil rights]], becoming a [[doctor utriusque juris]] (Doctor of Canon and Civil Law).<ref name="Analitica_2015"/>▼ ▲José Cristóbal Hurtado de Mendoza y Montilla was born in the [[Trujillo, Trujillo\|Trujillo city and area]] of [[Venezuela]] on 23 June 1772 to his parents Luis Bernardo Hurtado de Mendoza y Valera and Gertrudis Eulalia Montilla y Briceño.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> He was educated by his father in a Franciscan Monastery under the tutelage of Friar Antonio de Pereira.{{citation needed\|date=August 2016}} At the age of 16, he was sent to [[Caracas]] to complete his education [[Central University of Venezuela\|at the university]], where he earned a bachelor of arts degree in philosophy<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in 1791. He studied for his master's degree at the university until 1793.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> He afterwards began attending university in [[Santo Domingo]] in the [[Dominican Republic]], where in 1794 obtained his [[doctorate degree]] in both [[~~Person (canon~~Canon law)\|canonical rights]] and [[civil rights]], becoming a [[doctor utriusque juris]] (Doctor of Canon and Civil Law).<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> After obtaining his doctorate, Mendoza returned to Venezuela in his early twenties to begin working in his hometown.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> He first worked in the law office of Antonio Nicolás Briceño in Trujillo, and in the city of [[Mérida, Mérida\|Mérida]] in 1975 he practiced law with Juan Marimón y Henríquez e Hipólito Elías González. In 1795 he briefly taught as a professor of philosophy<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> at the seminary college of [[University of the Andes (Venezuela)\|San Buenaventura de Mérida]].<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> Mendoza eventually moved to Caracas to finish his academic and vocational training in law, and he had the lawyer title conferred to him by the [[Real Audiencia of Caracas]]<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> on 10 July 1796. He moved to [[Barinas, Barinas\|Barinas]] in late 1796 and continued to practice law.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/>▼ ▲After obtaining his doctorate, Mendoza returned to Venezuela in his early twenties to begin working in his hometown.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> He first worked in the law office of Antonio Nicolás Briceño in Trujillo, and in the city of [[Mérida, Mérida\|Mérida]] in ~~1975~~1795 he practiced law with Juan Marimón y Henríquez e Hipólito Elías González. In 1795 he briefly taught as a professor of philosophy<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> at the seminary college of [[University of the Andes (Venezuela)\|San Buenaventura de Mérida]].<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> Mendoza eventually moved to Caracas to finish his academic and vocational training in law, and he had the lawyer title conferred to him by the [[Real Audiencia of Caracas]]<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> on 10 July 1796. He moved to [[Barinas, Barinas\|Barinas]] in late 1796 and continued to practice law.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> ==Political career==▼ ▲== Political career == === 1807–1809: Governor of Barinas and Congress ===▼ ▲===1807–1809: Governor of Barinas and Congress=== After obtaining his law degree, Mendoza moved to [[Barinas, Barinas\|Barinas]], where he became known for defending local [[tribal groups]] and helping invest their profits in several agricultural properties.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> In January 1807,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> he was elected Mayor of Barinas by the Council of Barinas. After charges of nepotism in the election process that had led to Mendoza's appointment, the [[Court (royal)\|Royal Court]] ruled in favor of Mendoza retaining the governorship<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in 1808.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> On 19 April 1810, Mendoza joined the insurgent movement started by the [[Caracas]] elite against the Spanish crown.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> In May 1810, he was elected the secretary of the newly created Board of Local Government of Barinas,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/><ref name="Analitica_2015"/> and he also led a movement among Caracas' wealthy citizens with the slogan "Peace and tranquility are our desires. Die or be free is our currency." Both Mendoza and his brother Luis Ignacio Mendoza were among those elected to represent the province of Barinas when the Constituent Congress of Venezuela was founded<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> on 2 March 2011.<ref name="Entorno_Mendoza"/> Mendoza was not given the opportunity serve in the congress, however, before he was informed he had been appointed as president of the [[First Republic of Venezuela]] as of 5 March 1811. At the time of being appointed to president, he had been preparing to travel to Caracas while also fulfilling his duties with the newly formed Board of Governors.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> === 1811–1812: President of Venezuela === [[File:President Mendoza.jpg\|thumb\|190px\|Official portrait of Cristóbal Mendoza by [[Martín Tovar y Tovar]].]] In March 1811 during the [[Spanish American wars of independence]], the first Venezuelan constitutional congress established as the executive power a [[triumvirate]] in which three men shared executive power and rotated the presidency every week. At age 39, Mendoza became a member of the triumvirate that headed the [[First Republic of Venezuela]] and was unanimously elected by the other two as the first to go in rotation on 5 March 1811.<ref name="Diccionario_Perozo_1999"/> With Manuel Moreno de Mendoza serving as the interim first president in his absence,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/><ref name="Reporte_Confidential_2012">{{cite web \| url =https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.reporteconfidencial.info/noticia/3173156/historiadores-ignoran-que-primer-presidente-de-venezuela-fue-margariteno/&prev=search Line 39 ⟶ 47: \| website = \| publisher =Reporte Confidential \| access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref> Mendoza arrived in Caracas to begin serving his first week-long term on 25 April 1811.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> As part of the triumvirate, Mendoza began the war for independence against the parts of Venezuela that still supported the Spanish monarchy. He also was the author of the [[Venezuelan Declaration of Independence]], issued on 5 July 1811. While in office he formed part of the constitutional convention that designed and promulgated the [[Constitution of Venezuela (1811)\|first Constitution of the Republic of Venezuela]] in December 1811.<ref name="Diccionario_Perozo_1999">Briceño Perozo, Mario. "Mendoza, Cristóbal de" in ''Diccionario de Historia de Venezuela'', Vol. 3. Caracas: Fundación Polar, 1999. {{ISBN\|980-6397-37-1}}</ref> In March 1812, a second presidential triumvirate was appointed, with Mendoza, Juan Escalona and Baltazar Padron resigning and Fernando Toro, Francisco Javier Ustáriz and [[Francisco Espejo]] taking power.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> === 1813–1820: Governor of Mérida and Caracas ===▼ ▲===1813–1820: Governor of Mérida and Caracas=== The First Republic fell following a [[royalist (Hispanic American Revolution)\|royalist]] invasion led by Captain [[Juan Domingo de Monteverde\|Domingo de Monteverde]] in 1813. After that, Mendoza moved to the island of [[Grenada]].<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> He joined the cause of Brigadier [[Simon Bolivar]], becoming Bolivar's aide as Bolivar was preparing to fight the Spanish for the liberation of Venezuela. Bolivar appointed Mendoza the governor of [[Mérida, Mérida\|Mérida]], a city that had joined Bolivar's cause that May, with Mendoza entering the city on 23 May 1813.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Mendoza also became governor of the province of [[Mérida (state)\|Mérida]].<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> During the [[Decree of War to the Death\|War to the Death]] initiated by Bolivar in Trujillo on 15 June 1813, Mendoza served multiple functions, including "political administration, taxes, provisions, stores and changing rooms for the army, hospitals, civic patrolling and surveillance of spies."<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Bolívar appointed Mendoza governor of the province of [[Caracas]], with Mendoza making his entrance into the city of Caracas on 6 August 1813.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/><ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> In Caracas,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Mendoza formally proposed holding the Open Meeting held on 14 October 1813 where Bolivar was granted the title Liberator. A popular assembly on 2 January 1814 ratified Bolivar as the supreme commander of the Liberation Army (Ejército Libertador) fighting for independence from Spanish rule.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> In July 1814, the forces of [[José Tomás Boves]] conquered Caracas. Mendoza and his family escaped and went into exile, and after touring a number of islands in the [[West Indies]],<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> moved to [[Trinidad]].<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> Between 1819 and 1820,<ref name="Biografias_Vida">{{cite web \| url =https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/m/mendoza_cristobal.htm&prev=search \| title =Cristobal de Mendoza \| website =www.biografiasyvidas.com \| publisher =Biografias y Vidas \| access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref> while in Trinidad Mendoza supported the cause of the Republic of Venezuela by writing newspaper articles under the pseudonym "a patriot" for the ''[[Correo del Orinoco]]''.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> Under that pseudonym he also published articles on both civic and international political issues, in particular arguing against efforts to found monarchies in the Americas.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> === 1821–1826: Justice Minister and private practice === After the [[Battle of Carabobo]] assured Venezuelan independence in June 1821,<ref>{{cite web\|title=Venezuela Battle of Carabobo Day \|website=[[Answers.com]] \|url=http://www.answers.com/topic/venezuela-battle-of-carabobo-day-event \|~~deadurl~~url-status=~~yes~~dead \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313014330/http://www.answers.com/topic/venezuela-battle-of-carabobo-day-event \|archivedate=13 March 2014 }}{{unreliable?\|date=October 2016}}</ref> Mendoza returned to Caracas with his family<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> in late 1821. He was designated Justice Minister of [[Gran Colombia]] (now Venezuela),<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> a title which can also be translated president of the Superior Court of Justice of the department of Venezuela (Corte Superior de Justicia del departamento de Venezuela).<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> While in this role, Mendoza continued to study law and history, while also editing ''El Observador Caraqueño'' along with [[:es:Francisco Javier Yanes\|Francisco Javier Yanes]]. Mendoza resigned from his role as Justice Minister in 1825 and again went into private practice, his firm meeting with mixed success.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> He dedicated himself to civic projects as well, for example promoting the construction of a highway between [[La Guaira]] and Caracas as an alternative to the railway, although the project failed to materialize.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Although not a candidate, he was the most voted person to serve as the vice president of the Department of Venezuela (Vicepresidencia del Departamento de Venezuela)<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in 1825. In 1826, he<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> and [[:es:Francisco Javier Yanes\|Francisco Javier Yánez]] published the first major study of Bolivar and his time, with the first edition entitled ''Collection of documents relating to the public life of the Liberator of Colombia and Peru, Simon Bolivar.'' Mendoza published 22 volumes overall.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> === 1826–1828: Mayor of the Department of Venezuela ===▼ ▲===1826–1828: Mayor of the Department of Venezuela=== [[File:Placa a Cristobal Mendoza.jpg\|thumb\|160px\|Plaque to Cristobal Mendoza in his birthplace of Trujillo]] In April 1826,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> under the will of Gran Colombia Vice President [[Francisco de Paula Santander]], Mendoza was appointed Mayor of the Department of Venezuela (Intendente del Departamento de Venezuela).<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> His appointment occurred during the time of [[José Antonio Páez#Politics.2C La Cosiata\|El Cosiata]],<ref name="Analitica_2015"/><ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> a separatist movement founded by [[José Antonio Páez]] that was opposed to Bolivar's unification movement in South America.{{better source needed\|date=August 2016}} While in his new position, Mendoza tried and failed to quell tensions between opposing parties in Venezuela, in an effort to avoid more conflict and civil war. He also failed in convincing Caracas not to join the insurrection plan aimed at dissolving Bolivar's Gran Colombia. Mendoza was exiled from Venezuela by General [[Jose Antonio Paez]], and fled to the island of [[Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands\|Saint Thomas]]<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> on 27 November 1826, with his family remaining in Caracas. Bolivar returned to Caracas at the end of 1826, and peace was restored in the city by January 1827.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> After Bolivar again secured power in Caracas and conflict between the factions abated, Bolivar invited Mendoza to return to Venezuela.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> Bolivar appointed Mendoza Mayor of the Department of Venezuela,<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> a role Medoza kept until resigning<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> in the middle of 1828.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> According to essayist [[Luis Britto Garcia]], Mendoza's resignation was potentially motivated by new tax measures,{{clarify\|date=August 2016}} with Britto writing ''"The mere announcement of rigorous tax measures strikes fear into the hearts of civil servants like the Intendant Cristóbal Mendoza, who suddenly tendered his resignation."''<ref name="Bolivar_Debt_Labyrinth">{{cite web Line 62 ⟶ 74: \| title =El pensamiento del Libertador – Economía y Sociedad \| last =Britto Garcia \| first =Luis \| date =2010 \| website = \| access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref> == Death == With ailing health, in the middle of 1828 he resigned from his post as intendant,<ref name="Analitica_2015"/> retiring to the outskirts of Caracas.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_">{{cite web \| url =http://www.venezuelatuya.com/biografias/mendoza.htm \| title =Cristobal de Mendoza \| website =www.venezuelatuya.com \| access-date = 12 August 2016}}</ref> On his deathbed, he wrote his political will in a letter to Bolívar where he stated his possessions as being "the remembrance of my weak services for the republic and the memories of our lifelong friendship."{{citation needed\|date=August 2016}} Cristóbal Mendoza died in Caracas on 8 February 1829.<ref name="Analitica_2015"/><ref>[http://www.2001.com.ve/20050302/Opini%C3%B3n/Opini%C3%B3n1.asp www.2001.com.ve]{{dead link\|date=August 2016}}</ref> Mendoza's funeral took place on 9 February 1829 in the Church of San Pablo (now Santa Teresa). He was initially buried in the "Brothers of San Pedro" (Corner of Canons). Years later,<ref name="DiarioElTiempo_2014">{{cite web \| url =http://www.diarioeltiempo.com.ve/V3_Secciones/index.php?id=125182014&_Proc=Desp \| title =Christopher Mendoza must rest in the National Pantheon \| date =11 October 2014 ~~\| website =~~ \| publisher =Diario el Tiempo \| access-date =11 August 2016 \| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160813095913/http://www.diarioeltiempo.com.ve/V3_Secciones/index.php?id=125182014&_Proc=Desp \| archive-date =13 August 2016 \| ~~dead-~~url-status =~~yes~~dead }}</ref> he was buried in the Church of Altagracia (Iglesia de Altagracia).<ref name="Analitica_2015">{{cite web \| url =https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://www.analitica.com/opinion/cristobal-mendoza-primer-presidente-de-venezuela/&prev=search \| title =Christopher Mendoza: First President of Venezuela \| last =Enrique Vera \| first =Viloria Line 92 ⟶ 104: \| access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref> In October 2014, a legislator of the Legislative Council of Trujillo state proposed that Mendoza's remains be moved to the [[National Pantheon of Venezuela]] as a national hero.<ref name="DiarioElTiempo_2014"/> == Views and legacy == [[File:Plaza Cristobal Mendoza.jpg\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Plaza Cristobal Mendoza in Trujillo, showcasing a statue of Mendoza.]] Line 99 ⟶ 112: Mendoza was a loyal and trusted advisor to [[Simon Bolivar]], and he collected documents on Bolivar's public life, publishing 20 small volumes of the documents between 1824 and 1828.<ref name="Entorno_Mendoza">{{cite web \| url =http://www.entornointeligente.com/articulo/8606092/Aron-Francisco-Velasquez--VENEZUELA-Cristoacute;bal-Mendoza-Primer-Presidente-de-la-Repuacute;blica-23062016 \| title =Christopher Mendoza First President of the Republic \| website =23 June 2016 \| publisher =[[List of newspapers in Venezuela#Online\|Entorno Inteligente]] Line 114 ⟶ 127: \| access-date = 11 August 2016}}</ref> == Personal life == Mendoza moved to [[Barinas, Barinas\|Barinas]] from Caracas in late 1796, where he married Juana Mendez Mendoza Briceño. He was widowed shortly after, and in the early nineteenth century, he remarried Maria Regina Montilla of Pumar, a relation of [[Apure\|Jose Ignacio of Pumar]]. He had been widowed a second time by 1810. On 14 August 1811, Mendoza married for the third time to Gertrudis Buroz Tovar.<ref name="VenezuelaTuya_"/> Mendoza procreated 17 children. Two of his [[grandson]]s emigrated to [[Cuba]] under Spanish rule and fought for the independence of the island during the [[Ten Years War]] (1868–1878). Cristóbal Mendoza Durán, who worked as journalist in [[Camagüey]], later joined the Liberating Army and [[Carlos Manuel de Cespedes]], in appreciation of his intellectual and moral values, appointed him Foreign Secretary of the first government of the Republic of Cuba in Arms. His brother Tomás, who was also a journalist and who in the ranks mambises acted as assistant secretary of General [[Manuel de Quesada y Loynaz\|Manuel de Quesada]]. Both Cristóbal and Tomás Mendoza gave their lives on the battlefields of Cuba. Other ~~descendents~~descendants of Cristobal Mendoza include [[Eugenio Mendoza]], [[Eduardo Mendoza Goiticoa]], [[Lorenzo Mendoza]] and [[Leopoldo López]]. == See also == {{Portal\|Venezuela}} [[List of presidents of Venezuela]]▼ [[List of ~~Venezuelans~~presidents of Venezuela]] * [[~~Elections~~List inof ~~Venezuela~~Venezuelans]] * [[~~Politics~~Elections ofin Venezuela]] ▲* [[~~List of presidents~~Politics of Venezuela]] == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.venezuelatuya.com/biografias/mendoza.htm Cristobal de Mendoza biography – www.venezuelatuya.com] {{s-start}} {{s-off}} {{succession box\| \| title = [[President of Venezuela]] Line 144 ⟶ 163: {{VEpresidents}} {{Gran Colombia independence\|state=collapsed}} ▲{{Use dmy dates\|date=August 2019}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mendoza, Cristobal}} [[Category:Presidents of Venezuela]] [[Category:Vice ~~Presidents~~presidents of Venezuela]] [[Category:People of the Venezuelan War of Independence]] [[Category:~~Venezuelan people~~Viceroyalty of ~~Spanish~~New ~~descent~~Granada people]] [[Category:1772 births]] [[Category:1829 deaths]]