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{{Short description|
{{EngvarB|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=
[[File:Scherifen von Mekka Stammtafel I.svg|thumb|right|300px|Family tree of the early sharifian dynasties of Mecca. <br>
{{legend|#FFCBCB|Sulaymanids}} {{legend|#FFEBAD|Hashimids}} {{legend|#B9FFC5|Ja'farids}} {{legend|#B3B7FF|Bani Qatada}}]]
The '''Sharif of Mecca''' ({{lang-ar|شريف مكة|Sharīf Makkah}}) or '''Hejaz''' ({{lang-ar|شريف الحجاز|Sharīf al-Ḥijāz|links=no}}) was the title of the leader of the [[Sharifate of Mecca]], traditional steward of the Islamic holy cities of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]] and the surrounding [[Hejaz]]. The term ''[[sharif]]'' is Arabic for "noble", "highborn", and is used to describe the descendants of
The Sharif was charged with protecting the cities and their environs and ensuring the safety of pilgrims performing the [[Hajj]]. The title is sometimes spelled '''Sheriff''' or '''Sherif''', with the latter variant used, for example, by [[T. E. Lawrence]] in ''[[Seven Pillars of Wisdom]]''.
The office of the Sharif of Mecca dates back to the late [[Abbasid]] era. Until 1200, the Sharifate was held by a member of the [[
The Sharifate came to an end shortly after the reign of [[Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca|Hussein bin Ali]], who ruled from 1908, who rebelled against the Ottoman rule during the [[Arab Revolt]] of 1916. After the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in 1918 and its [[Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire|subsequent dissolution]] in 1923, Hussein formed the independent [[Kingdom of Hejaz]] and then [[Sharifian Caliphate|declared himself Caliph]]. The British granted control over the newly formed states of [[Iraq]] and [[Emirate of Transjordan|Transjordan]] to his sons [[Faisal I of Iraq|Faisal]] and [[Abdullah I of Jordan|Abdullah]]. In 1924, however, in the face of increasing attacks by [[Ibn Saud]], Hussein abdicated his political titles to his eldest son, [[Ali of Hejaz|Ali bin Hussein]], who was to become the last Grand Sharif. At the end of 1925, Ibn Saud conquered the [[Hejaz]] and expelled the Hashemites. The [[House of Saud]] has ruled Mecca and Medina and overseen the [[Hajj]] (annual pilgrimage to Mecca) since that time.<ref name="Ibn Saud reign of Hejaz – http://www.saudinf.com">{{cite news |url=http://www.saudinf.com/main/b46.htm |title=Ibn Saud reign of Hejaz – www.saudinf.com}}</ref>
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|[[Hussein bin Ali,
|1908–1916
|Later King Hussein
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|[[File:Sharif Hussein portrait.jpeg|60px]]
|[[Hussein bin Ali,
|1916–1924
|Previously Hussein Pasha
|[[Ali bin Hussein, King of Hejaz|Ali bin Hussein]]<br />
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[File:Ali of Hejaz.jpg|60px]]
|rowspan="2" |[[Ali bin Hussein, King of Hejaz|King Ali bin Hussein]]
|rowspan="2" |1924–1925
|rowspan="2" |
|[[Abd Allah Siraj]]<br />
|-
|[[Muhammad at-Tawil]]<br />
|}
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001=[[Muhammad|Muhammad<br>ibn Abdullah]]<br>[[
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* [[Siege of Medina]]
* [[List of caliphs]]
* [[List of Sunni
==References==
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