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|image=File:1OC2003.jpg
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|coordinates = {{coord|38.9229553|-77.0654258|format=dms|region:US-DC_type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
|address= 1 Observatory Circle NW, [[United States Naval Observatory|U.S. Naval Observatory]], [[Washington, D.C.]],
|current_tenants=[[Kamala Harris]], Vice President of the United States and the [[Family of Kamala Harris|Second Family]]
|architect=[[Leon E. Dessez]]
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'''Number One Observatory Circle''', often referred to as the '''Naval Observatory''', is the [[official residence]] of the [[vice president of the United States]]. Located on the northeast grounds of the [[United States Naval Observatory|U.S. Naval Observatory]] in [[Washington, D.C.]], the house was built in 1893 for the observatory superintendent. The [[Chief of Naval Operations|chief of naval operations]] (CNO) liked the house so much that in 1923 he took over the house for himself. It remained the residence of the CNO until 1974, when [[United States Congress|Congress]] determined that it would be easier and less expensive to provide security in a government-provided residence, and authorized its transformation to
Although Number One Observatory Circle was made available to the vice president in 1974, more than two years passed before a vice president lived full-time in the house. Vice President [[Gerald Ford]] became president before he could use the house. His vice president, [[Nelson Rockefeller]], primarily used the home for official entertainment as he already had a well-secured residence in Washington, D.C.,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Denyer |first1=Charles |title=Number One Observatory Circle: The Home of the Vice President of the United States |year=2017 |publisher=Cambridge Klein Publishers |isbn=978-0-9987642-0-7 |page=14 |url=https://oneobservatorycircle.com/the-home-of-the-vice-president-of-the-united-states/ |quote=In September 1974, the stately Queen Anne-style home on the grounds of the Observatory formally opened as the home of the vice president of the United States, but with no tenant, since the sitting vice president, Nelson Rockefeller, decided to stay put at his luxurious mansion in Northwest DC. |access-date=April 30, 2019 |archive-date=August 4, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804170837/https://oneobservatorycircle.com/the-home-of-the-vice-president-of-the-united-states/ |url-status=live }}</ref> though the Rockefellers donated millions of dollars' worth of furnishings to the house. Vice President [[Walter Mondale]] was the first vice president to move into the house. Every vice president since has lived there.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/about/vp_residence/ |title=The Vice President's Residence |website=WhiteHouse.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091021225638/http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/vp_residence/ |archive-date=October 21, 2009}}</ref>
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The house at One Observatory Circle was designed by architect [[Leon E. Dessez]] and built in 1893 for $20,000 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US|20000|1893|fmt=c}} in {{Inflation-year|US}}) for the use of the superintendent of the Naval Observatory who was the original resident. It was built on {{convert|13|acre}} of land which had originally been part of a {{convert|73|acre|adj=on}} farm called Northview, which the Navy purchased in 1880.<ref name="lc"/> Northview had been the property of widow Margaret Barber, who at the time of the abolition of slavery in the District in 1862 was one of its largest slaveholders.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mirijanian |first1=Peter |last2=Planning |first2=Mark |date=2021-02-23 |title=Where slaves once toiled, Vice President Kamala Harris will soon call home |language=en |work=Roll Call |url=https://www.rollcall.com/2021/02/23/where-slaves-once-toiled-vice-president-kamala-harris-will-soon-call-home/ |access-date=2021-03-19}}</ref>
The Naval Observatory is located {{convert|2.5|mi|km|0}} from the [[White House]]<ref name="bi">{{cite news| last1=Weiss| first1=Brennan| last2=Wiley| first2=Melissa| date=August 20, 2020| title=Inside Number One Observatory Circle, the often overlooked but stunning residence where every vice president has lived since 1977| url=https://www.businessinsider.com/number-one-observatory-circle-photos-where-vp-pence-lives-2018-1| website=[[Business Insider]]| access-date=October 3, 2020| archive-date=November 8, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108000046/https://www.businessinsider.com/number-one-observatory-circle-photos-where-vp-pence-lives-2018-1| url-status=live}}</ref> and directly to its south is the [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Washington, D.C.|British Embassy]].<ref name="csm">{{cite news| last=Grier| first=Peter| date=April 11, 2011| title=Obama has the White House, but where does Vice President Joe Biden live?| url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2011/0421/Obama-has-the-White-House-but-where-does-Vice-President-Joe-Biden-live| newspaper=[[The Christian Science Monitor]]| access-date=January 20, 2021| archive-date=December 25, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225210253/https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2011/0421/Obama-has-the-White-House-but-where-does-Vice-President-Joe-Biden-live| url-status=live}}</ref> The observatory was moved from [[Foggy Bottom]] to its present location the same year the house was completed and 12 observatory superintendents lived in what was then known as ''The Superintendent's House''. In 1928, with the passage of Public Law 630, Congress appropriated it for the [[Chief of Naval Operations|chief of naval operations]], and in June 1929, [[Charles Frederick Hughes|Charles Hughes]] became the first resident of what became known as ''Admiral's House''.<ref name="lc">{{cite book |last1=Cleere |first1=Gail S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7TtSzBbKLnsC&pg=PA39 |title=The House on Observatory Hill: Home of the Vice President of the United States |date=1990 |publisher=Oceanographer of the Navy |page=39 |access-date=November 15, 2019 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043140/https://books.google.com/books?id=7TtSzBbKLnsC&pg=PA39 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news| last=Cheney| first=Lynne V.| date=October 17, 2016| title=This Is Where Many Vice Presidents Have Lived| url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/dick-and-lynne-cheneys-historic-washington-dc-house| magazine=[[Architectural Digest]]| access-date=October 3, 2020| archive-date=November 9, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109151159/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/dick-and-lynne-cheneys-historic-washington-dc-house| url-status=live}}</ref> For the next 45 years, it served as the home of
===Previous vice presidential residences and legislation===
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Instead of building a new vice presidential residence, One Observatory Circle continued to have extensive remodels. In 1976, the Navy spent $276,000 to replace 22 window units with steam heat and central air conditioning; the leaky roof was replaced in 1980 with slate. In 1981, [[George H. W. Bush]] and Second Lady [[Barbara Bush|Barbara]] raised $187,000 for carpeting, furniture, and upholstery when they moved in. The next year, the Navy spent $34,000 to repair the porch roof. Repairs to interior and exterior walls damaged by water seepage amounted to $225,000, and $8,000 more was spent to build a small master bedroom.{{Citation needed|date=January 2021}} Bush also constructed a [[horseshoe pit]] and quarter-mile track around the residence.<ref name="nyt1"/> During his eight years at the residence, Vice President Bush hosted over 900 parties.<ref name="book">{{cite news| last=Heil| first=Emily| date=October 17, 2017| title=Secrets of the vice president's residence revealed in new book| url=https://www.denverpost.com/2017/10/17/number-one-observatory-circle-review/| via=[[The Denver Post]]| access-date=October 3, 2020| newspaper=The Washington Post| archive-date=December 19, 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171219122455/http://www.denverpost.com/2017/10/17/number-one-observatory-circle-review/| url-status=live}}</ref>
<!--In 1989, new Vice President-->[[Dan Quayle]] delayed his move-in by a month in 1989 for an extensive $300,000 remodeling that included a rebuilt third floor with bedrooms suitable for children, a wheelchair-accessible entrance, and an upgraded bathroom off the vice president's room.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sante |first1=Mike |title=Renovating Quayle's Official Digs New Bedrooms, A Bath And A Bathtub Are Parts Of The Plan |url=http://articles.philly.com/1989-01-16/news/26121605_1_quayle-plans-david-beckwith-vice-presidential-mansion |date=January 16, 1989 |newspaper=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]] |access-date=February 9, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103181330/http://articles.philly.com/1989-01-16/news/26121605_1_quayle-plans-david-beckwith-vice-presidential-mansion |archive-date=January 3, 2016}}</ref> A putting green was also added that year. In 1991, a non-profit organization, the Vice President's Residence Foundation, was established to raise further funds to redecorate the residence, and Quayle added a pool, hot tub, and pool house.<ref name="bi"/>{{efn|group=note|Then-Vice President Joe Biden showed great appreciation for Quayle's addition. In 2010, he called Quayle his "favorite vice president" due to the pool,<ref name="bi"/> and, after leaving the house in 2017, told the incoming Pences, "you’re gonna love the pool".<ref>{{cite magazine| url=https://washingtonlife.com/2017/12/05/inside-homes-the-vice-presidents-residence/| title=Inside Homes: The Vice President's Residence| last=Coyne| first=Virginia| date=December 5, 2017| magazine=Washington Life Magazine| access-date=October 3, 2020| archive-date=October 9, 2020| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201009004428/https://washingtonlife.com/2017/12/05/inside-homes-the-vice-presidents-residence/| url-status=live}}</ref>}}. A {{convert|525|ft2|0|adj=on}} sky-lit exercise room was added to the rooftop around that time, and numerous security enhancements were also performed.<ref name="Renovation">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/home-garden//1993/05/13/renovation/fa151804-6f43-4e81-a15c-bf2a5a413aa3/ |last1=Rogers |first1=Patricia Dane |title=Renovation |date=May 13, 1993 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=February 11, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305074024/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/home-garden//1993/05/13/renovation/fa151804-6f43-4e81-a15c-bf2a5a413aa3/ |archive-date=March 5, 2016}}</ref>
The Navy, responsible for upkeep on the residence, decided in 1991 that Congress would never build a permanent vice president's residence (ostensibly next door to Admiral's House) and opted instead to remodel and repair the house substantially. <!--Incoming Vice President -->[[Al Gore]] agreed to delay his move into the house by nearly six months in 1993 to allow for the largest renovation of the house since 1974.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19930714&id=HOcyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3627,2399310&hl=en |title=Gores Move Into Official Home |date=July 14, 1993 |newspaper=[[The Free Lance–Star]] |location=Fredericksburg, VA |access-date=February 16, 2016 |archive-date=January 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043113/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19930714&id=HOcyAAAAIBAJ&pg=3627%2C2399310&hl=en |url-status=live}}</ref> The $1.6 million repair job replaced the heating, air conditioning, plumbing, removed asbestos, rewired the electrical, replaced the ventilation systems, restored the porch, and upgraded the family quarters on the second floor.<ref name="New-home" /> Unlike prior additions, these habitability-focused renovations were carried out with taxpayer funds. Second Lady [[Tipper Gore]] built an electronic inventory of all the official household items passed down from administration to administration.<ref name="WTOP">{{cite news| url=https://wtop.com/lifestyle/2018/02/1-observatory-circle-history-behind-vice-presidents-house/| title=1 Observatory Circle: The history behind the vice president's house'| date=February 27, 2018| work=[[WTOP-FM]]| access-date=May 15, 2023}}</ref>
Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] and Second Lady [[Lynne Cheney]]'s changes to the residence included renovating the upstairs exercise room, redoing the kitchen pantry, and decorating the house in neutral colors.<ref name="WTOP" /><ref name="15-things">{{cite news| url=https://www.insider.com/where-do-vice-presidents-live-official-residence-2021-6| title=15 things you didn't know about the vice president's official residence, where Kamala Harris and Doug Emhoff live| date=December 26, 2022| work=[[Insider Inc.]]| access-date=May 15
In 2010, Vice President [[Joe Biden]] added a tree swing to the grounds as a Valentine's Day present for Second Lady [[Jill Biden]], who later added the Family Heritage Garden, where stones memorialize all the home's previous occupants and their family members, including pets.<ref name="15-things" />
Vice President [[Mike Pence]] and Second Lady [[Karen Pence]]
Vice President [[Kamala Harris]] and Second Gentleman [[Douglas Emhoff]] moved into Number One Observatory on April 7, 2021.<ref name=NYTimes07Apr21>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/06/us/politics/kamala-harris-naval-observatory.html|title= Harris Is Moving Into Newly Renovated Official Residence |date= April 7, 2021 |first1= Rogers |last1=Katie|work=[[New York Times]] |access-date= April 7, 2021 }}</ref> They temporarily resided at [[Blair House]] during the renovations<ref>{{cite news |last1=Koncius |first1=Jura |title=Vice President Harris to stay at Blair House while official residence undergoes repairs |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/home/kamala-harris-staying-at-blair-house/2021/01/22/81769922-5ccb-11eb-8bcf-3877871c819d_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=24 January 2021 |date=22 January 2021}}</ref> as they agreed to move in once the $3.8 million upgrades to the residence had been completed.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.businessinsider.com/kamala-harris-washington-dc-residence-naval-observatory-renovations-2021-3| title=Kamala Harris is reportedly 'bothered' that she hasn't been able to move into her official Washington residence over 2 months after inauguration| date=March 28, 2021| website=Business Insider}}</ref><ref name=CBS20Jan21>{{cite news| url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kamala-harris-wont-be-moving-into-vice-presidents-residence-immediately/| title=Kamala Harris won't be moving into vice president's residence at Naval Observatory immediately| date=January 20, 2021| author=Perry, Tim| work=[[CBS News]]| access-date=January 20, 2021| archive-date=January 21, 2021| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210121043150/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kamala-harris-wont-be-moving-into-vice-presidents-residence-immediately/| url-status=live}}</ref> The repairs consisted of replacing chimney liners, heating, air-conditioning, and plumbing systems.<ref name="New-home">{{cite news| url=https://www.today.com/news/vp-kamala-harris-new-home-number-one-observatory-circle-t214211| title=The history behind Kamala Harris' new vice presidential residence| date=April 11, 2021| first=Scott| last=Stump| work=[[Today (American TV program)|Today]]}}</ref> Harris was responsible for having the kitchen remodeled and the hardwood floors refurbished.<ref>{{cite web| url=https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2021/03/27/vice-president-kamala-harris-living-suitcases/| title=VP Residence Renovation Mystery: 2 Months Into Office, Kamala Harris Is Still Waiting for Home| date=March 27, 2021| work=[[KPIX-TV|KPIX News]]| access-date=October 25, 2022}}</ref>
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==Privacy and security==
===Privacy===
Unlike the White House, Number One Observatory Circle
=== Underground bunker ===
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:* [[Rapidan Camp]] – the predecessor to Camp David
* [[Blair House]] – the official state guest house for the president of the United States
* [[Tingey House]] - Chief of Naval Operations' official residence since 1974
==References==
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[[Category:Landmarks in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Official residences in the United States]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Palaces in the United States]]
[[Category:Queen Anne architecture in Washington, D.C.]]
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