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| founding location = United States
| years active = Late 19th century–present
| territory = Active in most [[United States
| ethnic makeup = African
| criminal activities = Drug trafficking, weapon trafficking, robbery, contract killing, money laundering, racketeering, extortion, illegal gambling, murder
▲| criminal activities = Drug trafficking, weapon trafficking, robbery, contract killing, money laundering, racketeering, extortion, illegal gambling, murder, prostitution
}}
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, '''African American organized crime''' emerged following the [[First Great Migration|first]] and [[Second Great Migration|second large-scale migration]] of [[African
== History ==
=== Origin and the Role of Segregation ===
The first Black Americans that began to arrive in Chicago from the South in the 1840s were runaway slaves. While they originally moved into the center of the city, as more arrived, they moved to the south parts of the city where living was cheaper. With the start of World War I, larger numbers of Blacks moved into Chicago. The war opened up numerous jobs, causing 50,000 Blacks to move into Chicago from 1916 to 1920, with 90% of the population being on Chicago's South Side. The South Side of Chicago grew to house a population of around 300,000
There is not much published information on Black American organized crime groups, especially between the years of 1890 and 1960. Analysis of Blacks in Chicago support evidence that the lack of information is connected to the segregation of the time. Chicago's South Side had its own way of life completely separate to that of "white" Chicago, therefore organized crime happening on the South Side was most likely not heavily reported on.<ref name=":2" />
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Prohibition in the 1920s increased criminal activity in Chicago's South Side. There was a deep connection between politics and organized crime. Black nightclubs were run by Black Republican Party organizers and Daniel McKee Jackson, said to be the most powerful vice-king in Black Chicago, was a candidate for state representative.<ref name=":2" />
In 1921, Chicago's South Side was struggling with
===Post-World War II===
Prison
==== New York ====
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At its peak, YBI sales were an estimated $300,000 a day. The murder of one of the founders, Dwayne Davis (AKA Wonderful Wayne), and a series of federal indictments on 2 of the remaining bosses and 40 of the top lieutenants crippled YBI in 1982. There were a few lieutenants who survived, one in particular carried on the organization in Detroit and Boston through the late 1980s until crack cocaine became the drug of choice over heroin.{{citation needed|date=February 2023}}
==
{{Main|List of African-American gangs in the United States}}
=== Black Mafia ===
The [[Black Mafia]] was
The group didn't target everyday citizens, but targeted other criminals. They were known for their violent crimes and used murder as a means to keep that reputation. They used the numbers racket to control their territories and gambling. They also created fake community groups, such as the Council for Youth and Urban Development as fronts to receive government funding.<ref name=":1" />
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*''[[The Wire]]'' (2002–2008)
*''[[Assault on Precinct 13 (2005 film)|Assault on Precinct 13]]'' (2005)
*''[[Carlito's Way: Rise to Power]]'' (2005)
*''[[Four Brothers (film)|Four Brothers]]'' (2005)
*''[[Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005 film)|Get Rich or Die Tryin']]'' (2005)
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.uic.edu/orgs/kbc/ganghistory/Ghetto/Blackmafia.pdf |title=The Black Mafia: African-American organized crime in Chicago 1890-1960 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911222703/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/kbc/ganghistory/Ghetto/Blackmafia.pdf |archivedate=2006-09-11 }} {{small|(170 [[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}
{{Organized crime groups in New York City}}
[[Category:African-American organized crime| ]]
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