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* [[Berggruen Prize]]
}}
| spouse = {{marriage|Wingdie Didi Bertrand Farmer|1996}}
| children = 3
| parents =
| website = {{Plainlist|
* {{URL|https://pih.org/}}
}}
| footnotes =
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{{Medical anthropology}}
'''Paul Edward Farmer''' (October 26, 1959 – February 21, 2022) was an American [[medical anthropology|medical anthropologist]] and physician. Farmer held an MD and PhD from [[Harvard University]], where he was
Farmer and his colleagues in the U.S. and abroad pioneered novel community-based treatment strategies that demonstrate the delivery of high-quality health care in resource-poor settings in the U.S. and abroad. Their work is documented in the ''[[Bulletin of the World Health Organization]]'', ''[[The Lancet]]'', ''[[The New England Journal of Medicine]]'', ''[[Clinical Infectious Diseases]]'', the ''[[British Medical Journal]]'', and ''[[Social Science and Medicine]]''.
Farmer wrote extensively on Health and Human Rights, the role of social inequalities in the distribution and outcome of infectious diseases, and global health. Farmer pioneered the concept of community health works and decentralized models of care.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Palazuelos |first1=Daniel |last2=Farmer |first2=Paul |last3=Mukerjee |first3=Joia |title=Community health and equity of outcomes: the Partners In Health experience |journal=Lancet Global Health |date=2018 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=e491–e493 |doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30073-1 |pmid=29653618 |url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(18)30073-1/fulltext|doi-access=free }}</ref>
He was known as "the man who would cure the world", as described in the book ''[[Mountains Beyond Mountains]]'' by [[Tracy Kidder]]. Farmer and Partners in Health received the Peace Abbey Foundation Courage of Conscience Award in 2007 for saving lives by providing free health care to people in the world’s poorest communities and working to improve health care systems globally. The story of PIH is also told in the 2017 documentary ''[[Bending the Arc]]''. He was a proponent of [[liberation theology]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pih.org/article/dr.-paul-farmer-how-liberation-theology-can-inform-public-health|title = Dr. Paul Farmer: How Liberation Theology Can Inform Public Health}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://religionandpolitics.org/2016/03/01/the-liberation-theology-of-dr-paul-farmer/|title = The Liberation Theology of Dr. Paul Farmer | Religion & Politics|date = March 2016}} PAUL FARMER & PARTNERS IN HEALTH received the Peace Abbey Couage of Conscience Award in 2007 for saving lives by providing free health care to people in the world’s poorest communities and working to improve health care systems globally. Read More</ref>
On April 24, 2021, Farmer was
== Early life and education ==
Farmer was born in [[North Adams, Massachusetts]], and raised in [[Weeki Wachee, Florida]]. He had first lived in Alabama for some of his childhood years.<ref name="Remembering Dr. Paul Farmer">{{Cite web|date=2022-02-21|title=Remembering Dr. Paul Farmer|url=https://eji.org/news/remembering-dr-paul-farmer/|access-date=2022-02-25|website=Equal Justice Initiative|language=en-US}}</ref> Then when his family moved to Florida, Farmer and his family of eight lived in an old school bus that his father had transformed into a mobile home. Farmer recounted his father as a “free spirit,” as he later on pursued commercial fishing and took his family to live with him on a houseboat in the Gulf of Mexico. Farmer’s father then anchored the houseboat in a primitive bayou called Jenkins Creek where the family bathed, bringing jugs with drinking water from [[Brooksville, Florida|Brooksville]]. Farmer prioritized his education and excelled academically in school. Farmer’s parents often read serious literature to their children, motivating them to learn as much as possible in regard to all that the world had to offer. The family dealt with financial difficulties that often led them to work in different environments. One summer, Farmer’s family worked with Haitian migrant workers and picked citrus fruit, which was Farmer's first encounter of many with Haitian people.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Paul Farmer, M.D.|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=Academy of Achievement|language=en-US}}</ref>
He was the brother of former professional wrestler [[Jeff Farmer (wrestler)|Jeff Farmer]]. He was a graduate of [[Hernando High School (Florida)|Hernando High School]] in [[Brooksville, Florida]], where he was elected president of his senior class.<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=https://www.achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/#interview |title=Paul Farmer Biography and Interview
Farmer later became involved with migrant labor camps near campus, and came into contact with Sister Juliana DeWolf. She was working with the [[United Farm Workers]], seeking to ameliorate the living circumstances of the laborers harvesting tobacco. Through this encounter, Farmer befriended many of the Haitian farm workers, and listened to their life experiences and stories. He became interested in Haiti and began learning Creole, interviewing Haitian migrant workers, and reading about [[Haiti]]'s history.<ref name=":02"/> In 1983, while still in school, he started working with villages in Haiti's Central Plateau to help incorporate modern health care practices in their communities.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Paul Farmer {{!}} Americans Who Tell The Truth|url=https://www.americanswhotellthetruth.org/portraits/dr-paul-farmer|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.americanswhotellthetruth.org}}</ref> He ended up writing and co-writing more than 100 scholarly papers and several books.<ref name=":1" />
After graduating from Duke, Farmer began volunteering at a hospital in [[Cange, Haiti]].<ref name="NYT1">{{cite news |last1=Barry |first1=Ellen |last2=Traub |first2=Alex |title=Paul Farmer, Pioneer of Global Health, Dies at 62 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/21/obituaries/paul-farmer-dead.html |access-date=February 22, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=February 21, 2022|url-access = limited}}</ref> Subsequently, he attended [[Harvard University]], earning an MD and a PhD in medical anthropology in 1990,<ref name="edu" /> returning to Haiti multiple times during medical school to continue his work in Cange.<ref name="NYT1" /> He completed an internal medicine residency at [[Brigham and Women’s Hospital]] in 1993 and an infectious disease fellowship in 1996.<ref name="BWH1">{{cite web |title=About Paul Edward Farmer, MD, PhD |url=https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/614/paul-farmer-boston |publisher=Brigham and Women's Hospital |access-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-date=February 21, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221173123/https://physiciandirectory.brighamandwomens.org/details/614/paul-farmer-boston |url-status=dead }}</ref> Farmer was [[board certified]] in [[internal medicine]] and [[infectious disease]].<ref name="BWH1" />
== International work ==
[[File:PEF-with-mom-and-baby---Quy-Ton-12-2003 1-1-310.jpg|thumb|Farmer (right), 2013]]
In 1987, Farmer, along with his colleagues from Harvard [[Jim Yong Kim]], [[Ophelia Dahl]], Thomas J. White and Todd McCormack, co-founded [[Partners In Health]].<ref name="TA1">{{cite news |last1=Hamblin |first1=James |title=The Moral Medical Mission: Partners In Health, 25 Years On |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2012/10/the-moral-medical-mission-partners-in-health-25-years-on/262974/ |access-date=February 21, 2022 |work=The Atlantic |date=October 1, 2012}}</ref><ref name="Remembering Dr. Paul Farmer"/> PIH began in [[Cange, Haiti|Cange]] in the Central Plateau of Haiti and at the time of Farmer's death in February 2022 operated 16 sites across the country, with approximately 7,000 employees.<ref name="NYT1"/> PIH in Cange was known as [[Zanmi Lasante]], the sister organization of PIH. Zanmi Lasante built schools, homes, and communal sanitation and water systems to help the community in central Haiti have improved facilities and resources. The organization vaccinated all of the local children while successfully decreasing malnutrition and infant mortality rates in the area. Zanmi Lasante also focused on AIDS prevention during the [[HIV|HIV crisis]] and successfully decreased HIV transmission rates
In 1999, the [[World Health Organization]] designated Farmer and a fellow PIH worker Jim Yong Kim to facilitate global [[Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis|multi-drug resistant tuberculosis]] (MDR TB) treatment programs, ensuring successful deliveries of antibiotics. With the help of a $44.7 million grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Farmer created specific drug-therapy initiatives for individuals in Haiti, Peru, and Russia.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web|title=Paul Farmer {{!}} Biography, Books, Partners in Health, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Farmer|access-date=2022-02-25|website=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> With this program having some of the highest cure rates in the world, it was clear that treating MDR TB could be done cost effectively in poor countries with functional delivery systems.<ref name="Remembering Dr. Paul Farmer"/><ref name=":13"/>
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Farmer was editor-in-chief of ''[[Health and Human Rights]]''. He was on the board of the Aristide Foundation for Democracy and was a co-founder and board member of the [[Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ijdh.org/board.htm |title=IJDH Board of Directors/Staff |website=ijdh.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410183638/http://www.ijdh.org/board.htm |archive-date=April 10, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He was on the Board of PIVOT, a recently formed healthcare and research organization operating in Madagascar. He was a member of the Advisory Board of Incentives for Global Health, the NGO focused on developing the [[Health Impact Fund]]. He also served on the Global Advisory Council of GlobeMed, a student-driven global health organization that works through a partnership model.<ref>{{cite web | title=Who We Are | website=GlobeMed | url=https://www.globemed.org/who-we-are | access-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref>
Farmer served on the Advisory Board of Universities Allied for Essential Medicines, an international student-driven advocacy organization that works on issues of medicine development and affordability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uaem.org/about-us/advisory-board/|title=Advisory Board – Universities Allied for Essential Medicines|website=uaem.org|access-date=March 2, 2015|archive-date=May 2, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160502214807/http://uaem.org/about-us/advisory-board/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Farmer was a board member of Kageno Worldwide, Inc., a community development agency that has worked in Kenya and Rwanda. He was also on the Board of Trustees for EqualHealth, which builds critical consciousness towards health equity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.equalhealth.org/board|title=Board EqualHealth|website=equalhealth.org|access-date=June 13, 2020|archive-date=May 16, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516175246/http://www.equalhealth.org/board|url-status=dead}}</ref>
==Personal life and death==
Farmer was married to Didi Bertrand Farmer, a Haitian medical anthropologist and community health specialist who has led several initiatives at Partners in Health. Her most recent work focuses on empowering girls and young women in Haiti and Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 8, 2020|title=Didi Bertrand helps girls become leaders|url=https://everychildthrives.com/didi-bertrand-helps-girls-become-leaders/|access-date=February 21, 2021|website=Every Child Thrives|language=en-US}}</ref> They had three children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Farmer, M.D.|url=https://achievement.org/achiever/paul-farmer/|access-date=February 21, 2021|website=Academy of Achievement|language=en-US}}</ref> Farmer was [[Catholic Church|Catholic]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Remembering Dr. Paul Farmer, a Catholic who wanted to cure the world |url=https://www.americamagazine.org/politics-society/2022/02/25/paul-farmer-remembrance-242465 |access-date=2024-06-06 |website=America Magazine |language=en}}</ref>
In February 2022, Farmer was one of 38 Harvard faculty to sign a letter to ''[[The Harvard Crimson]]'' defending Professor [[John Comaroff]], who had been found to have violated the university's sexual and professional conduct policies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2022/2/4/comaroff-sanctions-open-letter/ |title=38 Harvard Faculty Sign Open Letter Questioning Results of Misconduct Investigations into Prof. John Comaroff |access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref> After students filed a lawsuit with detailed allegations of Comaroff's actions and the university's failure to respond, Farmer was one of several signatories to say that he wished to retract his signature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/08/metro/3-graduate-students-file-sexual-harassment-suit-against-prominent-harvard-anthropology-professor/ |title=3 graduate students file sexual harassment suit against prominent Harvard anthropology professor |website=[[The Boston Globe]] |access-date=February 8, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Krantz|first= Laura|title=Harvard professors drop support for colleague accused of sexual harassment|work= The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/02/09/metro/professors-drop-support-colleague-accused-sexual-harassment/|access-date=February 9, 2022|language=en-US}}</ref>
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== Awards and recognition ==
Farmer was the recipient of numerous honors, including the [[Bronislaw Malinowski Award]] and the [[Margaret Mead Award]] from the [[Society for Applied Anthropology]], the Outstanding International Physician (Nathan Davis) Award from the [[American Medical Association]], a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation [[MacArthur Fellows Program|Fellowship]], and, with his [[Partners In Health]] colleagues, the [[Conrad N. Hilton|Hilton]] Humanitarian Prize. He was a member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] and the [[Institute of Medicine]] of the [[National Academy of Sciences]], from which he was awarded the 2018 [[Public Welfare Medal]]. In 2020, he was awarded the million-dollar [[Berggruen Prize]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Carmel|first=Julia|date=December 16, 2020|title=Paul Farmer Is Awarded the $1 Million Berggruen Prize|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/16/arts/paul-farmer-berggruen-prize.html|access-date=December 17, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=A Million Dollar Prize For A Doc Who Believes In 'Accompaniment'|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/12/16/946740727/dr-paul-farmer-was-surprised-to-get-a-million-dollar-philosophy-prize|access-date=December 17, 2020|website=NPR.org|date=December 16, 2020|language=en|last1=Brink|first1=Susan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Fox |first=Jeremy C. |date=December 16, 2020|title=Dr. Paul Farmer, cofounder of Partners in Health, wins $1 million Berggruen Prize|work= The Boston Globe|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/12/16/metro/dr-paul-farmer-cofounder-partners-health-wins-1-million-berggruen-prize/|access-date=December 17, 2020}}</ref>
* 1993: [[MacArthur Fellowship]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Class of 1993 MacArthur Fellows|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/class/july-1993/|website=[[MacArthur Foundation]]|access-date=April 4, 2016|date=July 1993}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=MacArthur Fellows: Meet the Class of 1993. Paul E. Farmer, Medical Anthropologist and Physician|url=https://www.macfound.org/fellows/157/|website=[[MacArthur Foundation]]|access-date=January 1, 2005|date=July 1, 1993}}</ref>
* 1999: [[Margaret Mead Award]], [[American Anthropological Association]] and [[Society for Applied Anthropology]], for “Infections and Inequalities”<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.appliedanthro.org/about/awards-prizes/margaret-mead-award
|title=Margaret Mead Award 1999
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* 2002: Outstanding International Physician Award (Nathan Davis Award), [[American Medical Association]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Farmer to receive National Academy of Sciences' most prestigious award|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-01/naos-pft012218.php|access-date=February 21, 2021|website=EurekAlert!|language=en}}</ref>
* 2005: [[Conrad N. Hilton Humanitarian Prize]] (awarded to Partners In Health)<ref>{{cite news|title=2005 Prize Event: Partners In Health|url=https://www.hiltonfoundation.org/humanitarian-prize/events/partners-in-health|access-date=April 4, 2016|work=[[Hilton Humanitarian Prize]]|date=August 25, 2005}}</ref>
* 2005: [[Rudolf Virchow Award]], Professional Prize (with Dr. Arachu Castro), [[Society for Medical Anthropology]]<ref>{{cite web
|url= https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow_Award
|title=Rudolf Virchow Award
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|title= 2010 Honorary Degree Recipients
|website= University of Pennsylvania }}</ref>
* 2010: S. Roger Horchow Award for Greatest Public Service by a Private Citizen, an award given out annually by [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service|Jefferson Awards]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national|title=National
* 2011: named by ''[[Foreign Policy]]'' magazine to its list of top global thinkers<ref>{{cite web |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,49#thinker89 |title=The FP Top 100 Global Thinkers |date=January 13, 2012 |first=Kedar |last=Pavgi |publisher=[[Foreign Policy]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231143654/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/11/28/the_fp_top_100_global_thinkers?page=0,49 |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2011: Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, [[University of South Florida]]<ref>{{cite web|last=University Of South Florida|title=USF to Honor Humanitarian Paul Farmer|url=http://news.usf.edu/article/templates/?a=3974&z=158|publisher=USF News|access-date=June 21, 2012}}</ref>
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|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/4/prweb10625184.htm
|title=American University Announces Six Speakers for 2013 Commencement
|publisher=American University
|access-date=September 26, 2020
* 2013: Sword of Loyola, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine<ref>{{cite web▼
|archive-date=March 11, 2022
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220311014108/https://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/4/prweb10625184.htm
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
▲* 2013: Sword of Loyola, Loyola University Chicago [[Stritch School of Medicine]]<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/hinsdale/chi-ugc-article-burr-ridge-resident-honored-by-loyola-at-blac-2013-10-18-story.html
|title=Sword of Loyola Recipient Paul Farmer
|website=Chicago Tribune|date=July 16, 2023
}}</ref> * 2015:
|url=https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/physicians-medical-roots-liberation-theology
|title=Physician's medical roots: liberation theology
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|date=June 3, 2015
|website=Forbes}}</ref>
* 2016: [[Bronislaw Malinowski Award]], Society for Applied Anthropology<ref>{{cite web
|url= https://www.appliedanthro.org/about/awards-prizes/bronislaw-malinowski-award
|title= Bronislaw Malinowski Award
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|url= https://www.socialsciencesinstitute.org/news/2019/12/12/farmer-and-gelb-receive-2019-gold-medals
|title= Paul Edward Farmer and Peter Gelb Awarded 2019 Gold Medals
|date= December 13, 2019
|publisher= The National Institute of Social Sciences}}</ref>
* 2019: Rwanda National Order of Outstanding Friendship (Igihango), by the President of Rwanda His Excellency [[Paul Kagame]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Paul Farmer Awarded
* 2020: Recipient of the million dollar [[Berggruen Prize]] for Philosophy and Culture<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/12/16/946740727/dr-paul-farmer-was-surprised-to-get-a-million-dollar-philosophy-prize
|title= A Million Dollar Prize for a Doc Who Believes in 'Accompaniment'
|publisher= NPR|first= Susan |last=Brink |work=Goats and Soda | date= December 16, 2020}}</ref>
* 2021: [[Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity|Aurora]] Humanitarian, in recognition of his work with PIH
* 2022: [[Inamori Ethics Prize]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Paul Farmer to be awarded 2022 Inamori Ethics Prize by Inamori International Center for Ethics and Excellence |url=https://thedaily.case.edu/paul-farmer-to-be-awarded-2022-inamori-ethics-prize-by-inamori-international-center-for-ethics-and-excellence/ |access-date=February 21, 2022 |work=The Daily |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |date=January 24, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Paul Farmer to be awarded 2022 Inamori Ethics Prize by Inamori International Center for Ethics and Excellence |url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/940949 |access-date=February 21, 2022 |work=EurekAlert! |date=January 24, 2022 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Dr. Paul Farmer receives the 2022 Inamori Ethics Prize |url=https://www.inamori-f.or.jp/en/220125 |department=公益財団法人 稲盛財団 |publisher=[[Inamori Foundation|The Inamori Foundation]] |access-date=February 21, 2022 |language=en |date=January 25, 2022}}</ref>
*2022 (posthumous) WHO Director-General’s Global Health Leaders Award<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.who.int/news/item/22-05-2022-who-director-general-announces-global-health-leaders-awards |title=WHO Director-General announces Global Health Leaders Awards |publisher=WHO |access-date=21 January 2023}}</ref>
== References ==
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|title=Paul Edward Farmer, MD, PhD
|publisher=Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School
|access-date=May 14, 2020
|archive-date=October 29, 2020
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029191516/https://ghsm.hms.harvard.edu/faculty-staff/paul-edward-farmer
|url-status=dead
}}
*{{C-SPAN|1007910}}
* [https://www.democracynow.org/appearances/paul_farmer Appearances] on [[Democracy Now!]]
* [https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00715-1 Paul Farmer (
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:American expatriates in Rwanda]]
[[Category:American human rights activists]]
[[Category:American infectious disease physicians]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Duke University alumni]]
[[Category:American HIV/AIDS activists]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Medical School faculty]]
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[[Category:Writers from Boston]]
[[Category:Members of the National Academy of Medicine]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic activists]]
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