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{{Short description|Federal police force in India}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{COI|date=May 2024}}
{{POV|date=December 2022}}
{{Unbalanced|date=December 2022}}
{{Advert|date=December 2022}}
{{Peacock|date=December 2022}}
{{too detailed|date=February 2024}}}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2014}}
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| commonname =
| abbreviation = CRPF
| logo = [[File:Central Reserve Police Force emblem.svg|110px|frameless|Central Reserve Police Force emblem]]
| flag = [[File:CRPF Flag.svg|140px]]
| flagcaption =
| logocaption =
| motto = "सेवा और निष्ठा"
| mottotranslated = Service and Loyalty
| formed = {{Unbulleted_list|{{Start date and age|1939|07|27|df=yes}}<br />{{small|(as Crown Representative's Police)}}|{{Start date and age|1949|12|28|df=yes}}<br />{{small|(as Central Reserve Police Force)}}}}
| preceding1 =
| employees = 313,634 Active personnel
| budget = {{INRConvert|
| country = India
| governingbody = [[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]
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| minister1pfo = Union Minister of Home Affairs
| chief1name = Anish Dayal Singh, [[Indian Police Service|IPS]]
| chief1position = [[Director General]]
| child1agency = •[[Commando Battalion for Resolute Action]] (COBRA)
| child2agency = •[[Rapid Action Force]] (RAF)
| child3agency = •Special Duty Group
| child4agency = •[[CRPF Valley QAT]]
| unittype = [[Battallion]]
| lockuptype = Quarter Guard
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| anniversary1 = Valour Day<br />(9 April 1965)
| website = {{URL|https://crpf.gov.in/}}
| child5agency =
| child6agency = •Security Wing(VIP Security Group)
| anniversary2 = Police Commemoration Day<br />(21 October 1959)
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| dmap = [[File:Political map of India EN.svg|thumb|Political map of India EN]]
}}
The '''Central Reserve Police Force''' ('''CRPF''') is
It was founded as the Crown Representative's Police on 27 July 1939. After [[Independence Day (India)|Indian independence]], it became the Central Reserve Police Force on the enactment of the CRPF Act on 28 December 1949. Besides law and order and counter-insurgency duties, the CRPF has played a role in India's elections. The CRPF played a major role in the Parliamentary elections of September 1999. CRPF officers are also being deployed in UN missions.
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==History==
Originally constituted as the Crown Representative Police in 1939, it is the Central Armed Police Force. CRP was raised as a sequel to the political unrest and the agitations in the then [[Princely state|Princely States of India]] following the Madras Resolution of the All-India Congress Committee in 1936 and the ever-growing desire of the Crown Representative to help the vast majority of the native States to preserve law and order as a part of the imperial policy.
After Independence, the force was renamed as Central Reserve Police Force by an Act of Parliament on 28 December 1949. This Act constituted CRPF as an armed force of the Union. [[Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel]], the then Home Minister, visualized a multi-dimensional role for it in tune with the changing needs of a newly independent nation. The force played a significant role during the amalgamation of the princely States into the Indian Union. It helped the Union Government in disciplining the rebellious [[Junagadh State|princely States ofJunagadh]] and the small principality of Kathiawar in Gujarat which had declined to join the Indian Union.
During the early 1950s, the performance of the CRPF detachments in enforcing [[law and order]] in Bhuj, the then [[Patiala and East Punjab States Union]] and Chambal ravines were appreciated by all quarters.
On 21 October 1959, SI Karam Singh and 20 other CRPF personnel were attacked by the [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese Army]] at [[Hot Springs, Chang Chenmo Valley|Hot Springs]] in [[Ladakh]] resulting in 10 casualties. The survivors were imprisoned. Since then, 21 October is observed as [[Martyrs' Day (India)#21 October|Police Commemoration]] day nationwide, across all states in India.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://crpf.nic.in/milestones-of-bravery.htm|title=Milestones of Bravery|website=crpf.nic.in|access-date=5 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705121356/http://crpf.nic.in/milestones-of-bravery.htm|archive-date=5 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
In late 50s and early 60s, contingents of the CRPF were sent to Kutch, Rajasthan, and Sindh borders to check infiltration and trans-border crimes. They were, subsequently, deployed on the Pakistan border in Jammu and Kashmir following attacks launched by the Pakistani infiltrators.
During the [[Sino-Indian War]] of 1962, the Force once again assisted the Indian Army in Arunachal Pradesh. Eight CRPF personnel were killed in action. In the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pak wars also the Force fought shoulder-to-shoulder with the Indian Army, both on the Western and Eastern borders.
For the first time in the history
In the late seventies, when extremist elements disturbed the peace in Tripura and Manipur, CRPF battalions were deployed in strength. Simultaneously, there was turmoil in the Brahmaputra Valley. The CRPF had to be inducted in strength not only to maintain law and order but also to keep lines of communication free from disruption. The commitments of the Force continue to be very high in the Northeast in dealing with the insurgency.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://crpf.gov.in/rec/history-crpf.htm|title=History of CRPF {{!}} About Us {{!}} Central Reserve Police Force, Government of India.|website=crpf.gov.in|access-date=7 June 2019}}</ref>
==
[[File:The CRPF marching contingents passes through the Rajpath during the 66th Republic Day Parade 2015, in New Delhi on January 26, 2015.jpg|alt=|thumb|CRPF (CoBRA) personnel during the Republic Day Parade]]
===Administration===
The CRPF is headed by a [[director general|Director General]] who is an [[Indian Police Service]] officer and is assisted by 3 Additional Director Generals, 9 Inspector Generals, a Financial Advisor and a Director (Medical). It is divided into ten administrative sectors, each headed by an inspector general. Each sector consists of one or more administrative and/or Operational Ranges, headed by an officer of the rank of deputy inspector general (DIG) of Police. Now, Group Centres are also headed by DIGs. The Financial Advisor of the CRPF has been an [[Indian Revenue Service]] officer of the rank of Joint Secretary and also has Dy Advisors from the Indian Audit and Accounts Service or the Indian Telecom. Service and Indian Civil Account Service.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Organisation Structure - CRPF |url=https://crpf.gov.in/Organization-Structure |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=crpf.gov.in}}</ref>
===Subdivisions===
There are 247 [[battalion]]s of approximately
The Ministry of Home Affairs planned to raise 2 Group Centers, 2 Range HQs, 1 Sector HQ, and 12 new battalions including a Mahila (all-female) battalion by 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/AR(E)1516.pdf|title=MHA Annual Report 2015-16|website=[[National Informatics Centre]]|publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]]|page=172|access-date=27 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170625213524/http://mha.nic.in/sites/upload_files/mha/files/AR(E)1516.pdf|archive-date=25 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The CRPF force is organized into a headquarters, three attached wings, and four zones. An attached wing is headed by an additional director general, and is subdivided into branches which are headed by an inspector general. A zone is either headed by an additional director general or a special director general. A zone is subdivided into sectors where each sector is headed by an inspector general.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web
{| class="wikitable"
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!Branch / Sector
|-
| rowspan="
| rowspan="
|Establishment
|-
|Personnel
|-
|Provisioning
|-
|Works
|-
|Finance
|-
| rowspan="6" |Operations
| rowspan="6" |Shri Vitul Kumar, IPS, ADG
|Administration
|-
|CoBRA
|-
|Comms & IT
|-
|Intelligence
|-
|RAF
|-
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |Training
| rowspan="2" |Shri
|Training Institutions
|-
|ISA Mt. Abu
|-
|CRPF Academy
|Shri Deepak Kumar, IPS, ADG
|CRPF Academy
|-
| rowspan="4" |North-East
(Spl. DG-GTY)
| rowspan="4" |Shri Sanjeev Ranjan Ojha
|Jorhat
|-
|Manipur and Nagaland
|-
|Tripura
|-
|North Eastern
|-
| rowspan="3" |Southern
(ADG-HYD)
| rowspan="3" |
|Western
|-
|Southern
|-
|Karnataka-Kerala
|-
| rowspan="
(Spl. DG-KOL)
| rowspan="
|Bihar
|-
|Central
|-
|Madhya Pradesh
|-
|Eastern
|-
|Odisha
|-
|Chhattisgarh
|-
|Jharkhand
|-
|West Bengal
|-
| rowspan="6" |Jammu & Kashmir
(Spl. DG-JMU)
| rowspan="6" |Shri
|Jammu
|-
|Northern
|-
|Rajasthan
|-
|North Western
|-
|Srinagar
|-
|Operations Kashmir
|}
Details of composition of Zones: -
* '''Central Zone''' - 8 Sectors, 24 Ranges, 19 Group Centres, 91 administrative battalions, 98 operational battalions. 9 Composite Hospitals. 2 Central Workshops, 1 Armament Workshops, 2 Central Training Centres, 3 Recruit Training Centres, and 1 Central Institute of Advanced Training.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Central Zone - CRPF |url=https://crpf.gov.in/Dte/Zone/Central-Zone/About-Central-Zone |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=crpf.gov.in}}</ref>
* '''Jammu & Kashmir Zone''' - 6 Sectors (including 1 Operations Sector). 80 operational battalions (including Chandigarh 1 Mahila Bn) are deployed in the area of responsibility of this Zone.<ref>{{Cite web |title=J&K Zone - CRPF |url=https://crpf.gov.in/Dte/Zone/J-&-K-Zone/About-J-&-K-Zone |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=crpf.gov.in}}</ref>
* '''Southern Zone''' - The Zone has 3 Sectors consisting of 07 Ranges (including one Operations range), 8 Group Centres, 7 Composite Hospitals, 1 Station Hospital, 1 Central Weapon Store, 2 Arms Work Shop, 2 Central Training College, 2 Recruit Training College, 1 Dog Breeding & Training School at Taralu, 1 Improvised Explosive Device School at [[Pune]], 1 College of Information Technology at [[Bangalore]], 1 National Institute of Jungle Craft at [[Belgaum]], 1 Training Node at [[Hyderabad]], CIAT Chittoor, 3 [[National Disaster Response Force]] Battalions, 3 Mahila Battalions at [[Nagpur]], [[Gandhinagar]] and [[Bangalore]], 38 Administrative Battalions, 19 Operational Battalions and 5 Rapid Action Force (RAF) Battalions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Southern Zone - CRPF |url=https://crpf.gov.in/Dte/Zone/Southern-Zone/About-Southern-Zone |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=crpf.gov.in}}</ref>
* '''North East Zone''' - The Zone has 4 Sectors consisting 6 Group Centres, 60 battalions, 1 CoBRA battalion, 1 Central Institute of Advanced Training, 1 Composite Hospital (100 beds) and 2 Composite Hospitals (50 beds).<ref>{{Cite web |title=North East Zone - CRPF |url=https://crpf.gov.in/Dte/Zone/North-East-Zone/Organization-Structure |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=crpf.gov.in}}</ref>
==Special units==
===
{{Main|Rapid Action Force}}
The Rapid Action Force (RAF) is a
The smallest functional unit in the force is a 'Team' commanded by an [[inspector]], which has three components — a riot control element, a [[tear gas]] element, and a fire element. It has been organized as an independent strike unit.
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One team in each [[Company (military unit)|company]] of the RAF is composed of female personnel so as to deal more effectively with situations where the force faces women demonstrators.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://crpf.nic.in/about-sector-RAF.htm|title=About Sector|website=crpf.nic.in|access-date=5 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702085405/http://www.crpf.nic.in/about-sector-RAF.htm|archive-date=2 July 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
===
The '''Special Duty Group''' is an battalion-sized unit of the CRPF tasked with providing security for the outer cordon of the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister's]] official residence on [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg]] and his [[Prime Minister's Office (India)|office]] in the North Block as well as during outdoor functions. It comprises around 1,000 personnel.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2020/india/crpf-orders-enquiry-after-expired-polio-vaccines-given-to-some-infants-at-medical-camp.html| title=CRPF orders enquiry after expired polio vaccines given to some infants at medical camp|date=20 May 2020|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2020/may/20/crpf-orders-inquiry-in-botched-up-vaccination-drive-among-personnels-children-2145666.html| title=CRPF orders inquiry in 'botched up' vaccination drive among personnel's children|date=20 May 2020|access-date=17 May 2021}}</ref>
On 20 May 2024 the Parliamentary Duty Group (PDG) of CRPF ceased to function and was merged with the VIP security wing of the force as the security of parliament was handed over to the CISF by the government due to a security breach issue.
===CoBRA===
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===Rank structure===
{{Main|List of police ranks in India|Indian Police Service}}
The organization is structured mainly on three rank categories which include
;Officers
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{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
{{Ranks and Insignia of Indian forces/OR/Blank}}
{{Ranks and Insignia of Non NATO Armies/OR/India (CRPF)}}
|}
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|
|}
==Awards==
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== In popular culture ==
The acronym CRPF has been expanded as "
==See also==
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[[Category:India in World War II]]
[[Category:Specialist law enforcement agencies of India]]
[[Category:Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir]]
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