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{{For|the Genesis song|Firth of Fifth}}
{{Use British English|date=July 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=NovemberJune 20222024}}
{{Infobox body of water
| name = Firth of Forth
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| image = The Forth bridges from the air (geograph 5835049).jpg
| alt = A view of the firth with three metal bridges across it
| caption = AerialThe viewForth ofbridges thelooking Forth bridgesnorthwest
|pushpin_map = Scotland #Scotland Fife#Scotland Falkirk#Scotland Clackmannanshire
| pushpin_map_alt =
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}}
 
The '''Firth of Forth''' ({{Lang-gd|Linne Foirthe}}) is the [[estuary]], or [[firth]], of several Scottish rivers including the [[River Forth]]. It meets the [[North Sea]] with [[Fife]] onto theits north coast and [[Lothian]] onto theits south.<ref>{{cite web|title=Forth area management plan 2010 – 2015|url=https://www.sepa.org.uk/media/37297/forth_area-management-plan.pdf#page=5|website=SEPA|access-date=9 April 2017}}</ref>
 
==Name==
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[[File:Portobello Solent Express1 2007-07-28-cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|The Fife–Edinburgh hovercraft service]]
 
In July 2007, a [[hovercraft]] passenger service completed a two-week trial between Portobello, [[Edinburgh]] and Kirkcaldy, Fife. The trial of the service (marketed as "Forthfast") was hailed as a major operational success, with an average passenger load of 85 per cent.<ref name="hovercraft-trial">{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lm6PDDj-k_k| archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/Lm6PDDj-k_k| archive-date=2021-11-17 November 2021 | url-status=live|title=Kirkcaldy-Edinburgh hovercraft trial|date=13 July 2007|publisher=The Scottish Executive|access-date=10 January 2010}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It was estimated the service would decrease congestion for commuters on the Forth road and rail bridges by carrying about 870,000 passengers each year.<ref name="hovercraft-2010">{{cite news|url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/topstories/Plans-lodged-for-Forth-hovercraft.5962637.jp|title=Plans lodged for Forth hovercraft|date=7 January 2010 |publisher=Edinburgh Evening News|access-date=10 January 2010}}</ref> Despite its initial success, the project was cancelled in December, 2011.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-16113262|title=Council 'killed off' hovercraft|date=9 December 2011-12-09|access-date=2019-09-20 September 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref>
 
The inner firth, located between the [[Kincardine Bridge|Kincardine]] and Forth bridges, has lost about half of its former intertidal area as a result of land reclamation, partly for agriculture, but mainly for industry and the large ash lagoons built to deposit spoil from the coal-fired [[Longannet Power Station]] near [[Kincardine on Forth|Kincardine]]. Historic villages line the Fife shoreline; [[Limekilns]], [[Charlestown, Fife|Charlestown]] and [[Culross]], established in the 6th century, where [[Saint Kentigern]] was born.
[[File:Blue Star 1 Firth of Forth.JPG|thumb|left|upright=1.2|The [[Ro-Pax]] ferry ''[[Blue Star 1]]'' passing under the Forth Bridge in the Firth, en route from Rosyth to Zeebrugge]]
 
The firth is important for [[nature conservation]] and is a [[Site of Special Scientific Interest]]. The [[Firth of Forth Islands SPA]] ([[Special Protection Area]]) is home to more than 90,000 breeding seabirds every year. There is a [[bird observatory]] on the Isle of May.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-soc.org.uk/bird-recording/local-recorders-network/areas/birding-advice/69-birding-the-isle-of-may-by-darren-hemsley|title=Birding the Isle of May by Darren Hemsley|website=Scottish Ornithologists' Club|language=en-gb|access-date=2019-09-20 September 2019}}</ref> A series of sand and gravel banks in the approaches to the firth have since 2014 been designated as a [[Marine Protected Areas in Scotland|Nature Conservation Marine Protected Area]] under the name [[Firth of Forth Banks Complex]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archive.jncc.gov.uk/PDF/Firth_of_Forth_Banks_Complex_Site_Summary_Document_July14.pdf|title=Firth of Forth Banks Complex Marine Protected Area (MPA)|publisher=[[Joint Nature Conservation Committee]]|access-date=22 October 2019|archive-date=22 October 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022091505/http://archive.jncc.gov.uk/PDF/Firth_of_Forth_Banks_Complex_Site_Summary_Document_July14.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://sitelink.nature.scot/site/10447|title=SiteLink: Firth of Forth Banks Complex MPA(NC)|publisher=Scottish Natural Heritage|access-date=22 October 2019}}</ref>
 
The youngest person to swim across the Firth of Forth was 13-year-old Joseph Feeney, who accomplished the feat in 1933.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/emma-10-aims-to-break-84-year-old-forth-swimming-record-1-4560672|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920161555/https://www.scotsman.com/news-2-15012/emma-10-aims-to-break-84-year-old-forth-swimming-record-1-4560672|archive-date=2019-09-20 September 2019|title=Emma, 10, aims to break 84-year-old Forth swimming record|website=The Scotsman|language=en|access-date=2019-09-20 September 2019}}</ref>
 
In 2008, a controversial bid to allow oil transfer between ships in the firth was refused by [[Forth Ports]]. SPT Marine Services had asked permission to transfer 7.8&nbsp;million tonnes of crude oil per year between tankers, but the proposals were met with determined opposition from conservation groups.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/edinburgh_and_east/7221917.stm|title=Forth oil transfer plan ruled out|date=1 February 2008|access-date=1 February 2008|publisher=BBC News}}</ref>
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==Places of interest==
{{colbegin}}
*[[Aberlady Bay]], [[River Almond, Lothian|River Almond]], [[Archerfield Links]]
*[[Barns Ness Lighthouse]], [[Bass Rock]] and [[Baldred of Tyninghame|St Baldred's chapel]], [[Belhaven, Scotland|Belhaven]], [[Blackness Castle]]
*[[Caves of Caiplie]], [[Cockenzie and Port Seton|Cockenzie Harbour]], [[Cockenzie Power Station|(Site of) Cockenzie Power Station (site of)]], [[Cramond|Cramond Beach]], [[Culross]]
*[[Dalmeny House]], [[Dirleton Castle]]
*[[River Esk, Lothian|River Esk]]
*[[Gullane Bents]]
*[[Fidra|Fidra Lighthouse]], [[Fisherrow| Fisherrow Harbour]]
*[[Gosford House]], [[Granton, Edinburgh|Granton Harbour]], [[Gullane|Gullane Bents]]
*[[Hopetoun House]], [[Hopetoun Monument]]
*[[John Muir Country Park]], [[John Muir Way]]
*[[River Leven, Fife|River Leven]], [[Longniddry Bents]]
*[[Musselburgh Racecourse]]
*[[Newhaven, Edinburgh| Newhaven Harbour]], [[North Berwick Golf Club]], [[North Berwick Law]]
*[[Portobello, Edinburgh|Portobello Beach]], [[Cockenzie and Port Seton|Port Seton Harbour]], [[Prestongrange Industrial Heritage Museum]], [[Preston Tower, East Lothian|Preston Tower]]
*[[Ravenscraig Castle]], [[Bloodhound (yacht)|Royal Racing Yacht ''Bloodhound'']], [[Royal Yacht Britannia|Royal Yacht ''Britannia'']]
*[[Scottish Fisheries Museum]], [[Scottish Seabird Centre]], [[Seton Sands]], [[St. Fillan's Cave]], [[St. Monans Windmill]]
*[[Tantallon Castle]], [[Torness Nuclear Power Station]], [[River Tyne, Scotland|River Tyne]]
*[[Waterston House]]
*[[Yellowcraigs]]
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Firth of Forth}}
[[Category:Firth of Forth| ]]
[[Category:Estuaries of Scotland|Forth]]
[[Category:Landforms of Fife|Forth]]
[[Category:Firths of Scotland|Forth]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of Scotland|Forth]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in Scotland]]
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Dunfermline and Kirkcaldy]]
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[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Mid and East Lothian]]
[[Category:Sites of Special Scientific Interest in North East Fife]]
[[Category:Bodies of water of the North Sea|Forth]]
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