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{{Short description|South African
{{Infobox officeholder
| image = Portrait of Herman Klynveld.png
| imagesize =
| name = Herman Klynveld
| office = Member of the Volksraad of the Orange Free State
| term_start = 1871
| term_end = 1907
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1833|7|8|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Amsterdam]], The Netherlands
| death_date = {{death date and age|1907|6|21|1833|10|1|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Bethulie]], Orange Free State Province
| resting_place = [[Bethulie Main Cemetry]], Orange Free State Province
| spouse = Charlotte Caroline Pellissier<ref name="geni">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-27 |title=Hermanus Klynveld, SV/PROG |url=https://www.geni.com/people/Hermanus-Klynveld-SV-PROG/6000000028737195906 |access-date=2024-06-27 |website=geni_family_tree |language=en-US}}</ref>
| occupation = Attorney, politician
}}
'''Hermanus Klijnveld''' (8 July 1833 – 21 June 1907), commonly known as '''Herman Klynveld''', was a Dutch-born South African advocate
His
▲'''Hermanus Klijnveld''' (8 July 1833 – 21 June 1907), commonly known as '''Herman Klynveld''', was a Dutch-born South African advocate and notable for his significant contributions as a member of the Volksraad in the [[Orange Free State]] (Oranje Vrijstaat), a Boer republic in Southern Africa.<ref>Blok, P.J., & Molhuysen, P.C. (1912). Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2. Retrieved from the Digital Library for Dutch Literature</ref>
▲His work primarily focused on legislative initiatives and diplomatic efforts that shaped the political landscape of the region during a pivotal era. Klynveld played a critical role in the protest against the annexation of diamond fields by the Cape Colony, advocated for the development of regional infrastructure such as railways, and was involved in efforts to strengthen ties with the neighboring Transvaal. His diplomatic acumen was particularly highlighted during his appointment to advise the Transvaal government in response to the Jameson Raid, demonstrating his importance in the political and legal spheres of the Boer republics.The Afrikaner-Boer conflict during the Jameson Raid is well-documented.<ref>Hofmeyr, Nico. (1897). ''De Afrikaner-boer en de Jameson-inval, Volume 1'', p. 292.</ref>
==Early life and education==
Herman Klynveld was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands. He spent his early years receiving education in his hometown. From the age of nine to sixteen, he attended a boarding school in Beverwijk. Initially intended for theological studies, Klynveld showed no interest in the field and instead was employed in a trading office.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Molhuysen |first=P.C |title=Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Deel 2 |publisher=A.W. Sijthoff |year=1912 |isbn=9789060728024 |location=Leiden, Netherlands |pages=690 |language=nl |trans-title=New Dutch Biographical Dictionary Part 2}}</ref> He was fluent in English, Dutch, and French.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Venter |first=Trudie |title=Bethulie... Onvoltooid |publisher=Private |year=2018 |isbn=9781727437515 |language=af |trans-title=Bethulie... Unfinished}}</ref>
==Emigration to South Africa==
In October 1859, Klynveld emigrated to South Africa, arriving in Cape Town in January 1860. After a brief stay, he traveled to Colesberg where he worked at the law firm of Dirk Sluiter, a fellow countryman, for eighteen months.<ref name=":0" /> During his time in Colesberg, he passed the Free State attorneys' exam.▼
[[File:Herman Klynveld and Charlotte Pellisier's Family.jpg|thumb|upright=.85|left|]]
On 1 September 1861, Klynveld settled in [[Bethulie]], a small farming town in the Orange Free State where he practiced as an attorney. In April of the same year, he married Charlotte Caroline Pellissier,
== Professional and public life ==
▲In October 1859, Klynveld emigrated to South Africa, arriving in Cape Town in January 1860. After a brief stay, he traveled to Colesberg where he worked at the law firm of Dirk Sluiter, a fellow countryman, for eighteen months.
He opened a successful law firm in Bethulie and participated actively in matters that had an impact on the community. He also worked as a clerk of the magistrate's court, public prosecutor, mayor, translator, and acting magistrate. From 1879, he served as the chairman of the Bethulie Town Council.<ref name=":1" />
==Political career==▼
▲On 1 September 1861, Klynveld settled in Bethulie, a small farming town in the Orange Free State. In April of the same year, he married Charlotte Caroline Pellissier, the daughter of preacher [[Jean Pierre Pellissier|J.P. Pellissier]].
Klynveld's political career began in earnest in 1871 when he was elected to the [[Volksraad (Orange Free State)|Volksraad]], the legislative assembly of the Orange Free State. He served on various committees tasked with the protest against the Cape Colony's annexation of diamond fields, toll associations, railways, and union with the [[Transvaal Colony|Transvaal]]. He was known for his clear and eloquent speaking, common sense, and independent mindset, which made him influential in the Volksraad. He was a strong supporter of [[Francis William Reitz|President Reitz]], and later [[Martinus Theunis Steyn|President Marthinus Theunis Steyn]].<ref name=":1" /> In 1896, under Steyn's administration, he was appointed with [[Abraham Fischer]] to advise the Transvaal government regarding the Jameson Raid, an event that heightened regional tensions.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Andriessen |first=Willem Frederik |title=Gedenkboek van den oorlog in Zuid-Afrika |publisher=Hollandsch-Afrikaansche Uitg. Mij. |year=1904 |pages=45,46,52 |language=nl |trans-title=Commemorative Book of the War in South Africa |url=https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu02_01/molh003nieu02_01_1324.php}}</ref>
In 1887, during a period of public unrest triggered by [[Johannes Brand|President Johannes Brand's]] resignation – a result of misunderstandings and disputes within the Volksraad – Klynveld encountered a notable situation. He was erroneously associated with the crisis, leading to a symbolic protest in which his effigy was burned in a coffin during a mock funeral at Bloemfontein's Market Square. Despite the dramatic nature of the event, it was reportedly conducted in good spirits.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Botes |first=Marianna |date=2012 |title=Volksraadlid op Markplein "Verbrand" [Volksraad Member 'Burned' at Market Square] |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/AJA10162275_312 |journal=Sabinet African Journals}}</ref>
As a member of the Executive Council of the Free State, he decided, along with the president, to declare war against the British Empire, which ushered in the [[Anglo-Boer War]].<ref name=":1" />
▲==Political career==
==Later years and legacy==
In 1897, Klynveld celebrated his 25th anniversary as a member of the Volksraad and was honored with a gold snuff box by his colleagues. By 1900, his health had declined, limiting his participation in council actions. Nevertheless, during crucial decisions regarding the Free State's alliance with the Transvaal during the [[Boer War]], Klynveld remained an active and vital figure until his death in 1907 in Bethulie.<ref name=":0" /> Following the war, Klynveld returned to Bethulie and resumed his legal practice.<ref name=":1" />
Throughout his life, Klynveld's actions and decisions had a profound impact on the Orange Free State and its residents, demonstrating a steadfast commitment to his adopted country through both peaceful legislative contributions and during times of conflict.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Members of the Volksraad of the Orange Free State]]
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1907 deaths]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Klynveld, Herman}}
[[Category:Dutch emigrants to South Africa]]
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