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{{for|Sultan Agung of Banjar|Sultanate of Banjar}}
{{More citations needed|date=September 2022}}{{Infobox royalty
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▲| succession = [[Mataram Sultanate|3th Sultan of Mataram]]
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▲| birth_place = Kutagede, [[Mataram Sultanate]]
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▲| death_place = Karta, Mataram Sultanate
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▲| burial_place = Astana Kasultan Agungan
▲| spouse = Ratu Kulon <small>(first)</small> <br> Ratu Wetan <small>(second)</small>
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▲| issue = <!--list children in order of birth. Use {{plainlist}} or {{unbulleted list}} -->
| posthumous name = Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana Matarani al-Jawi▼
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▲| regnal name = ''Sampeyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma Senapati ing Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayyidin Panatagama Khalifatullah Tanah Jawi''
▲| posthumous name= Sultan Abdullah Muhammad Maulana Matarani al-Jawi
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▲| house = [[Wangsa Mataram|Mataram]]
▲| house-type = Dynasty
▲| father = Anyakrawati
▲| religion = Islam
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▲| module = '''[[National Hero of Indonesia]]'''<br> S.K. President No. 106 / TK / 1975 dated November 3, 1975.
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'''Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Anyakrakusuma'''
''Sultan Agung'' or ''Susuhunan Agung'' (literally, "Great Sultan" or "Majestic Sultan") is subject to a substantial amount of literature due to his legacy as a Javanese ruler, a fighter against the incursions of the [[Dutch East India Company]], a conqueror, and his existence within a cultural framework where myth and magic are intertwined with verifiable historical events and personages. The Dutch literature wrote his name as ''Agoeng de Grote'' (literally, "Agung the Great").
For his service as a fighter and cultural observer, Sultan Agung
== Biography ==
=== Early reign ===
Rangsang ascended to the throne when he was 20 years old, succeeding his half-brother, Duke Martapura, who became Sultan of Mataram for only one day. Rangsang was technically the fourth Sultan of Mataram, but he
During
The capital of Mataram during his coronation was still located in [[Kotagede]]. In 1614, the new [[Karta Palace]] was built in Karta, approximately 5 km in
=== Territorial conquests ===
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[[File:Mataram Sultanate in Sultan Agung Reign.svg|thumb|350x350px|The maximum extent of Mataram Sultanate during the reign of Sultan Agung Anyakrakusuma (1613-1645)|left]]
Sultan Agung became the ruler of Mataram in 1613
In 1616, Surabaya attempted to attack Mataram in retaliation, but lacking allies the Surabaya army was crushed by Sultan Agung's forces in Siwalan, [[Pajang|Panjang]] (near [[Surakarta]]). The coastal city of [[Lasem]], near [[Rembang]], was conquered later in 1616, and [[Pasuruan]],
Surabaya had been Mataram's most formidable adversary thus far. Agung's grandfather, [[Senopati]] (Senapati), had not felt strong enough to attack this powerful city, and his father, Panembahan Seda Krapyak, attacked it to no avail. Sultan Agung weakened Surabaya by capturing [[Sukadana]], Surabaya's ally in southwest [[Kalimantan]], in 1622, and also captured the island of [[Madura]], another ally of Surabaya, in 1624 after a fierce battle. After five years of war, Agung finally conquered Surabaya in a siege in 1625. With Surabaya brought into the empire, the Mataram kingdom encompassed all of central and eastern Java (plus Madura), except for the west end of Java and its mountainous south. In the west, [[Banten]] and the Dutch settlement in [[Jakarta|Batavia]] remained outside Agung's control.
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The economy of Mataram was centered on agriculture, thus Sultan Agung who was openly contemptuous of trade, saw no need to maintain significant naval forces. This was later to prove costly when in 1629 he attacked and attempted to drive the Dutch out of their base at the coastal city of [[Jakarta]]. Though he possessed larger and superior land-based forces, the Dutch had decisive advantages in naval power and were able to withstand the [[Siege of Batavia]].
After the failure of the siege, Agung turned against the [[Bali Kingdom|Balinese]], then controlling Balambangan in East Java, in a "holy war" against infidels. His campaign was successful in Java, but he was unable to extend his power to the island of Bali itself. Bali thus retained its identity as a Hindu state
=== Rebellions ===
By 1625, Mataram was the undisputed ruler of most of Java.<ref name=Drakeley>Drakeley S. ''The History of Indonesia''. Greenwood, 2005. {{ISBN|9780313331145}}</ref>{{rp|31}} However, its military strength did not deter Mataram's vassals from rebellion, due to his inability to conquer Batavia. Pajang rebelled in 1617, and [[Pati Regency|Pati]] rebelled in 1627. Following the capture of Surabaya in 1625, expansion halted as the empire was beset by rebellions.
In 1630, Mataram crushed a rebellion in Tembayat (southeast of [[Klaten]]). However, in 1631–1636, Mataram had to suppress the rebellion of [[Sumedang]] and [[Ukur, Java|Ukur]] in West Java. Agung's attempt to capture Batavia in 1628–1629
Rebellions continued, the next one was the Giri Kedaton rebellion, whose people were unwilling to submit to Mataram. As Mataram's troops still respected [[Giri Kedaton]]'s soldiers which was considered
=== Death ===
[[File:Begraafplaats van sultan Agoeng van Mataram te Imogiri bij Jogjakarta KITLV 91013.tiff|thumb|220x220px|Burial place of Sultan Agung of Mataram in Imogiri, Yogyakarta (circa 1915)]]
In 1632 Sultan Agung began building [[Imogiri]], his burial place, about 15 kilometers south of [[Yogyakarta (city)|Yogyakarta]]. Imogiri remains the resting place of most of the royalty of Yogyakarta and [[Surakarta]] to this day. In Agung's complex, Sultan Agung, Queen Batang, and their sons are also buried
In accordance
==Administration==
Sultan Agung's major legacy lies however in the administrative reforms he undertook in the conquered territories. The ever-increasing large territorial extent of these territories led him to create an innovative and rational administrative structure.<ref>Bertrand, Romain, ''Etat colonial, noblesse et nationalisme à Java'', Paris, 2005.</ref>
Apart from his conquests, the sultan also sought to rationalize and improve the internal government of his kingdom. He reformed the tax
He created "provinces" by appointing people as ''[[Adipati (title)|adipati]]'' (equivalent to [[Duke]]) at the head of territories called ''[[kadipaten]]'' ([[Duchy]]), particularly those territories in the western part of Java, where Mataram was facing Banten and Batavia, two places
=== Remnants of administrative structures during the colonial period ===
When the [[Dutch East India Company]] (VOC) took control of Mataram territories, it kept the ''kadipaten'' structure. Under the colonial administration of the VOC, ''adipati'', now called ''[[bupati]]'', were called ''regenten,'' and ''kadipaten'', now ''kabupaten'', ''regentschappen''. The title of a ''bupati'' consisted generally
The Dutch had grouped ''kabupaten'' into regions under a ''resident'', called ''residenties''. The Indonesian government kept the ''kabupaten'' but disbanded the ''residenties'' in the 1950s, resulting in ''kabupaten'' being administrative subdivisions directly under a province. The laws on regional autonomy promulgated in 1999 give a high degree of autonomy to the ''kabupaten'', not to the provinces.
== Culture ==
In the environment of Mataram Palace, Sultan Agung established a standard language called Bagongan obliged to be used by Mataram [[nobleman|noblemen]] and officials to eradicate imbalance between them. The language was created to form a unity
Sultan Agung is also attributed with the founding of the unique [[Javanese calendar]] – this established a uniquely indigenous calendar
The development of the sacred dance [[bedhaya]]
== Legacy ==
Sultan Agung is revered in contemporary Java
In the syncretic religious culture of Java, with its mixture of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam; pilgrimage to his graveyard complex is considered auspicious, and many make considerable effort to go to Imogiri at appropriate times and days in the [[Javanese calendar|Javanese]] and [[Islamic calendar]]s.
His influence and imagination in the popular mind
== Family ==
His original name was Raden Mas Jatmika, also popularly known as Raden Mas Rangsang. He was the son of Anyakrawati and Ratu Mas Adi Dyah Banawati. His father was Mataram's second monarch, and his mother was the daughter of Prince Benawa, the last Sultan of Pajang.
Another version said that Sultan Agung was the son of Prince Purbaya (Anyakrawati's brother). It was said that Prince Purbaya exchanged the baby born by his wife with the one born by Dyah Banawati. This version is an opinion of a minority whose truth has to be proven.
Like other Mataram's monarchs, Sultan Agung had 2 main queen consorts:
# Ratu Kulon, born as Ratu Mas Tinumpak, daughter of Panembahan Ratu, [[Sultanate of Cirebon|Sultan of Cirebon]], who gave birth to RM. Syahwawrat alias Prince Alit.
# Ratu Wetan, daughter of Duke of Batang (Ki Juru Martani's granddaughter), who gave birth to RM. Sayidin (later [[Amangkurat I of Mataram|Amangkurat I]]).
From his [[queen consort]]s, Sultan Agung has 9 [[child]]ren:
# Raden Mas Sahwawrat alias Pangeran Temenggong Pajang
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== Titles ==
In his early reign, Rangsang's title was Susuhunan Anyakrakusuma or Prabu Pandita Anyakrakusuma. After conquering [[Madura]] in 1624, he changed his
In 1640s, he used title Sultan Agung Senapati ing Alaga Abdurrahman. In 1641, Sunan Agung
For the sake of convenience, the name used in this article is the most common and popular
==References==
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before = [[
title = [[Sultan of Mataram]]|
years = 1613–1645|
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