Imamate in Shia doctrine: Difference between revisions

Although all these different Shia tariqahs belong to the Shia (as opposed to the Sunni) sect in Islam, there are major doctrinal differences between the main Shia tariqahs. After that there is the complete doctrinal break between all the different Shia tariqahs whose last Imams have gone into Occultation and the Shia Nizari Ismailis, who deny the concept of Occultation and so have to have a present and living Imam until the end of time.{{citation needed|date=September 2014}} <!--Thus if any living Nizari Ismaili Imam fails to leave behind a successor after him then the Nizari Ismailism’sIsmailism's cardinal principle would be broken and its very raison d'être would come to an end.{This seems to be (a) the wrong kind of language for Wikipedia, (b) based on the preceding uncited statement and (c) a direct implication of the preceding sentence and so redundant to state again anyway. But feel free to add it back in if you have reason to disagree.}-->

Ismailis view Imams as the true representative of God. God has made all prophets his representative. Individual prophets era are distinct. After one prophets God created next prophet. Islam view that Mohammed is last prophet. Mohammed appointed his specific representative Ali. Ali made imams as his next representative and one imam appointed another until date. The Isma'ili view that these Imam are only from their hereditary chain and their appointment is a must, and Earth cannot remain vacant, without presence of Imam.<ref>[http://iis.ac.uk/ru/node/254471 Historical representations of a Fatimid Imam-caliph: Exploring al-Maqrizi’sMaqrizi's and Idris’Idris' writings on al-Mu‘izz Li Din Allah, Dr. Shainool Jiwa]</ref><ref>[https://www.al-islam.org/shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt-dilp-team shiite-encyclopedia-ahlul-bayt]</ref>{{Original research inline|date=December 2016|comment=clear citation required}}

{{Main|Zaidiyyah|Imamate in Zaydi doctrine}}

Zaydis believe Zayd ibn Ali was the rightful successor to the Imamate because he led a rebellion against the [[Umayyad Caliphate]], who he believed were tyrannical and corrupt. [[Muhammad al-Baqir]] did not engage in political action and the followers of Zayd believed that a true Imām must fight against [https://medium.com/opinion-by-juravin/juravin-fights-for-the-truth-in-islam-exposes-imam-and-good-quran-c2e0e9b531c0 corrupt rulers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191228044042/https://medium.com/opinion-by-juravin/juravin-fights-for-the-truth-in-islam-exposes-imam-and-good-quran-c2e0e9b531c0 |date=2019-12-28 }}.<ref name="Arab East 1996, p97">''Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization during the Later Medieval Times'' by Abdul Ali, M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 1996, p97</ref> The renowned Muslim jurist [[Abu Hanifa]] who is credited for the [[Hanafi]] school of [[Sunni]] Islam, delivered a [[fatwā]] or legal statement in favour of Zayd in his rebellion against the Umayyad ruler. He also urged people in secret to join the uprising and delivered funds to Zayd.<ref>''Ahkam al-Quran'' By Abu Bakr al-Jassas al-Razi, volume 1 page 100, published by Dar Al-Fikr Al-Beirutiyya</ref>

Unlike [[Twelver]] Shi'ites, Zaydis do not believe in the infallibility of Imāms<ref name="ReferenceA">[[Francis Robinson]], ''Atlas of the Islamic World Since 1500'', pg. 47. [[New York City|New York]]: [[Facts on File]], 1984. {{ISBN|0871966298}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Zaidiyyah |title=Zaidiyyah|work=The Free Dictionary}}</ref><ref>Zaydi Islam John Pike – http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/intro/islam-zaydi.htm</ref> The Imamate can be passed down to anyone of the household of Muhammad.

{{chart| |FTM|-|v|-|ZAYN|v|JSN|!|KAY|!| | | | | |ZAYN=[[Ali al-Sajjad|Zayn al-'Abidin]]|FTM=[[Fatimah bint Hasan]]|JSN=Jayda al-Sindhi|KAY=[[Kaysanites]] ([[Al-Mukhtar]])|boxstyle_KAY= background-color:MistyRose;|boxstyle_ZAYN= background-color:Turquoise;|boxstyle_FTM= background-color:Turquoise; }}

*[http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f4/v12f4011.html "Hojjat"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417024636/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v12f4/v12f4011.html |date=2008-04-17 }} by [[Maria Massi Dakake|Maria Dakake]], an entry in the ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''