Content deleted Content added
Sfan00 IMG (talk | contribs) Remove Google Image search - Unclear (C) Status |
mNo edit summary |
||
| (38 intermediate revisions by 29 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{refimprove|date=October 2017}}
'''Delamare-Deboutteville''' was among the earliest designs of [[car]], driven by an [[internal combustion engine]]. It was developed in France by Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville and patented in 1884, but did not achieve commercial success.
[[File:Delamare Deboutteville Malandin. Brevet 160 267..jpg|thumb|right|Diagrams from patent of the Delamare-Deboutteville design]]
==Development==
Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville described{{where|date=October 2017}} how, with his assistant Leon Malandin, he had built and driven his car in early 1884. The car had a front bench seat and a rear platform, four wheels, a transmission to the rear wheels by chain, shaft transmission and a [[differential (mechanical device)|differential]]. In 1883 Edouard Delamare-Deboutteville made a trial run of a car whose engine was powered by gas; but the gas supply hose broke during this first trial, so he replaced the gas with fuel oil.<ref name="Nicholson1982">{{cite book|author=T.R. Nicholson|title=The Birth of the British Motor Car, 1769-1897: Revival and Defeat, 1842-93|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpOwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA301|date=18 June 1982|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|isbn=978-1-349-05335-3|page=301}}</ref><ref name="Seiffert2010">{{cite book|author=Reinhard Seiffert|title=Die Ära Gottlieb Daimlers: Neue Perspektiven zur Frühgeschichte des Automobils und seiner Technik|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tDGkWQglL4QC&pg=PA15|year=2010|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=978-3-531-91889-1|page=15|language=de}}</ref> In order to use this product, he invented a wick [[carburetor]].<ref name="Nicholson1982" /> This vehicle travelled for the first time on the little road from [[Fontaine-le-Bourg]] to [[Cailly]] in Normandy in early February 1884. On 12 February 1884, he registered his design under patent number 160267.<ref>{{cite web|title=DELAMARE-DEBOUTTEVILLE - French claim ?|url=http://kingsleysp.blogspot.co.uk/2011/12/delamare-deboutteville-french-claim.html|website=kingsleysp.blogspot.co.uk|date=December 18, 2011}}</ref>
[[File:Delamare-Deboutteville et Malandrin.JPG|thumb|right|Reconstruction from ''Mondial de l'automobile'' exhibition in Paris]]
The [[France|French]] have also incorrectly claimed that [[Panhard|Panhard & Levassor]] and [[Peugeot]] had laid the foundation for the automobile and not [[Daimler]] and [[Benz]]. Benz was certainly the first to go into car production in 1888, after experimental cars from 1885-1887. [[Daimler]], who also built early experimental cars from 1886-1889, began to slowly turn out some production cars starting around 1890. Also, both [[Peugeot]] and [[Panhard]] began car production by using [[Daimler]] engines, and were inspired to produced cars due to Daimler's exhibition of his 1889 steel-wheeled car in Paris. Benz's car was built by [[Emile Roger]] in Paris, garnering more sales than [[Benz]] himself, and Benz's designs were copied by many French makers for their first cars.▼
Several [[replica]]s were made of the Delamare-Deboutteville design<ref name="Davis2006">{{cite book|author=Tony Davis|title=Step on It!: A Wild Ride Through the Motor Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jH57w0aIa2gC&pg=PA15|year=2006|publisher=Random House Australia|isbn=978-1-86325-528-8|pages=14–16}}</ref> and have been entered in all kinds of different events.
==Claim of precedence==
It seems incontestable{{citation needed|date=October 2017}} that Delamare-Deboutteville did build the first four-wheeled vehicle powered by an internal combustion (IC) four-stroke engine running on gas oil, preceding the model developed by [[Karl Benz]]. However, vehicles developed by Delamare-Deboutteville were far from functioning properly, some exploding during their brief use, and they never went into production.<ref name="Davis2006" /><ref name="Barker2016">{{cite book|author=Theo Barker|title=The Economic and Social Effects of the Spread of Motor Vehicles: An International Centenary Tribute|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsW-DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50|date=27 July 2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-349-08624-5|page=50}}</ref> Although these pre-dated Benz and [[Gottlieb Daimler|Daimler]]'s first vehicles, for these reasons some{{who|date=October 2017}} think it cannot be considered the first car. In addition, earlier experiments were made with IC-engined vehicles in Switzerland ([[De Rivaz engine|de Rivaz]]), France ([[Étienne Lenoir|Lenoir]]), and Austria ([[Siegfried Marcus|Marcus]]).
▲The
From this experience, Delamare-Deboutteville developed large engines up to {{convert|7000|hp|kW|abbr=on}}, which he presented at the [[Exposition Universelle (1889)|Universal Exhibition]] in Paris in 1889 where he won the first prize.<ref name="Barker2016" /> He was, however, much more focused on mechanical methods to modernize the family's cotton factory.
The life of Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville was filled with research and travel. Born in about 1856,<ref name="Davis2006" /> he wrote a few treatises on [[mussel]] culture and three volumes of Sanskrit grammar.<ref name="Barker2016" /> He created in [[Carantec]] in the Bay of Morlaix and in the [[Aber Benoît]] (Finistère) an [[oyster]] farm which still exists, and left a collection of birds<ref name="Barker2016" /> and some philosophical studies. He died of [[typhoid fever]] in February 1901 at the age of 45.<ref>{{cite book|title=Engineering; an Illustrated Weekly Journal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dwk0AQAAMAAJ|year=1901|page=346}}</ref> His home town of Fontaine-le-Bourg contains a memorial plaque celebrating the first journey using an internal combustion engine,<ref name="Seiffert2010" /> and a street in the city of [[Rouen]] is named for him.<ref name="NieuwenhuisWells2003">{{cite book|author1=P Nieuwenhuis|author2=P Wells|title=The Automotive Industry and the Environment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mPeiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA86|date=25 July 2003|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-85573-860-7|page=86}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book|author=Alain Dugard|title=Edouard Delamare Deboutteville: "le père de l'automobile moderne"|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f_dCGwAACAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Ed. Nationale 7}}
== External links ==
*[http://www.histomobile.com/dvd_histomobile/fr/574/1884_Delamare_Deboutteville_1884.htm Pictures and more information (French and English)]
[[Category:Vehicles introduced in 1884]]
[[Category:1880s cars]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France]]
[[Category:Cars introduced in 1884]]
▲[[fr:Édouard Delamare-Deboutteville]]
| |||