Tambora language: Difference between revisions

| ethnicity = [[Tambora culture|Tambora]]

|linglist linglist = xxt.html

'''Tambora''' is anthe extinctpoorly attested non-[[PapuanAustronesian languages|Papuan languageAustronesian]], included in the ([[West Papuan languages|West Papuan]]) branchlanguage of Papuan languages, once spoken by the [[Tambora culture|Tamboran]] people of central [[Sumbawa]], in what is now [[Indonesia]]., Itthat was made extinct by the [[1815 eruption of Mount Tambora|1815 eruption]] of [[Mount Tambora]]. It was the westernmost known Papuan language<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Donohue|first=Mark|date=2008-01-03|title=The Papuan Language of Tambora|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/228921|journal=Oceanic Linguistics|volume=46|issue=2|pages=520–537|doi=10.1353/ol.2008.0014|s2cid=26310439|issn=1527-9421}}</ref> and was relatively unusual among such languages in being the language of a maritime trading state, though contemporary Papuan trading states were also found off [[Halmahera]] in [[Ternate]] and [[Tidore]].<ref>{{citation |first = Peter |last = Bellwood |title = First Islanders: Prehistory and Human Migration in Island Southeast Asia |year = 2017 |access-date = 2022-12-29 |isbn = 978-1-119-25154-5 |location = Hoboken |publisher = John Wiley & Sons |pages = 211–212 |oclc = 976434720 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=SmBGDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA211 |language = en}}</ref>

In the list below,<ref name=":0" /> it is presumed that {{angle bracket|ng'}} transcribes {{IPAblink|ŋ}} and {{angle bracket|dj}} {{IPAblink|dʒ}}. Hyphen is possibly a glottal stop {{IPAblink|ʔ}}. Two words, ''búlu'' and ''mákan'', are clearly [[Malay language|Malay]] loans. Zollinger (1850) identified several possible loans from other Austronesian languages; Tambora was a regional trading power, so a number of loans might be expected. The connection of ''taintu'' with the Papuan [[Timor–Alor–Pantar languages|Timor–Alor–Pantar]] *tan(a), if not coincidence, would presumably be genetic, not a loan.<ref name=":0" /> However, [[Harald Hammarström]] considers it to be a [[language isolate]].<ref>{{Citation |editor-first = Lyle |editor-last = Campbell |chapter = Language isolates in the New Guinea region |first = Harald |last = Hammarström |title = Language Isolates |year = 2018 |location = Abingdon–New York |series = Routledge Language Family Series |isbn = 978-1-317-61091-5 |oclc = 1000447105 |doi = 10.4324/9781315750026-11 |publisher = Routledge |pages = 287–322 |language = en }}</ref>

|{{wikt-lang|xxt|kálae}} ([[Balinese language|Balinese:]] dua/kalih) || 'two' || {{wikt-lang|xxt|kiro}} || 'blood'

|{{wikt-lang|xxt|báta-in}} || 'six' || {{wikt-lang|xxt|sílam}} (Balinese and Javanese:Seda) || 'dead'

|{{wikt-lang|xxt|koného}} || 'eight' || {{wikt-lang|xxt|naido}} (negro?) || 'black'

|{{wikt-lang|xxt|sumóre}} || 'belly' || {{wikt-lang|xxt|hok-hok}} (MalayZ:duduk [[German language|German]]?) || 'sit'