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[[File:Hauptbahnhof, Hamburg (LRM 20191130 154653).jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Hamburg Hauptbahnhof]], Germany, one of the busiest train stations in Europe]]
{{train topics}}
A '''train station''', '''railroad station''', or '''railroad depot''' (mainly North American terminology) and '''railway station''' (mainly UK and other Anglophone countries) is a [[Rail transport|railway]] facility where [[train]]s stop to load or unload [[passenger train|passengers]], [[freight rail transport|freight]], or both. It generally consists of at least one [[railway platform|platform]], one [[Railway track|track]], and a [[station building]] providing such ancillary services as [[train ticket|ticket]] sales, [[waiting room]]s, and baggage/freight service.
Locations at which passengers only occasionally board or leave a train, sometimes consisting of a short platform and a waiting area but sometimes indicated by no more than a sign, are variously referred to as "stops", "[[flag stop]]s", "[[#Halt|halts]]", or "provisional stopping places". The stations themselves may be at ground level, underground, or elevated. Connections may be available to intersecting [[railway line|rail lines]] or other transport modes such as [[bus]]es, [[tram]]s, or other [[rapid transit]] systems.
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| caption3 = [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool Lime Street station's]] frontage resembles a château and is the world's oldest used terminus.
| image4 = Paris Nord Platform.jpg
| caption4 = [[Gare du Nord]] is one of the six large terminus stations of the [[SNCF]] mainline network for Paris. It is the busiest
| image5 =
| caption5 = [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Penn Station]] in [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]] [[Manhattan]], [[New York City]], is an important railway terminal and transfer hub as well as the busiest railroad station in the [[Western Hemisphere]], serving more than 430,000 [[commuter rail]] and [[Amtrak]] passengers a day {{as of|lc=y|2018|post=.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-01-10/the-most-awful-transit-center-in-america-could-get-unimaginably-worse|title=The Most Awful Transit Center in America Could Get Unimaginably Worse|author=Devin Leonard|publisher=Bloomberg L.P|date=10 January 2018|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref>
}}
The world's first recorded railway station, for [[Wagonway|trains drawn by horses]] rather than engined [[locomotive]]s, began passenger service in 1807.<ref name="BBC Wales news">{{cite web |title=Mumbles Railway |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_west/6491379.stm |publisher=BBC |date=25 March 2007 |access-date=1 May 2015}}</ref> It was [[Swansea The Mount railway station|The Mount]] in [[Swansea]], Wales, on the Oystermouth
The two-storey [[B&O Railroad Museum|Mount Clare station]] in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]], United States, which survives as a museum, first saw passenger service as the terminus of the horse-drawn [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] on 22 May 1830.<ref>{{cite web|url={{MHT url|id=6}}|title=B & O Transportation Museum & Mount Clare Station|access-date=9 February 2014|work=National Historic Landmarks in Maryland|publisher=Maryland Historical Trust}}</ref>
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In many African, South American, and Asian countries, stations are also used as a place for public markets and other informal businesses. This is especially true on [[tourist]] routes or stations near [[tourist destination]]s.
As well as providing services for passengers and loading facilities for goods, stations can sometimes have locomotive and rolling stock depots,
== Configurations ==
The basic configuration of a station and various other features set certain types apart. The first is the [[Rail transport#Level|level of the tracks]]. Stations are often sited where a road crosses the railway: unless the crossing is a [[level crossing]], the road and railway will be at different levels. The platforms will often be raised or lowered relative to the station entrance: the station buildings may be on either level, or both. The other arrangement, where the station entrance and platforms are on the same level, is also common, but is perhaps rarer in [[urban area]]s, except when the station is a terminus. Stations located at level crossings can be problematic if the train blocks the roadway while it stops, causing road traffic to wait for an extended period of time. Stations also exist where the station buildings are above the tracks.<ref>{{Cite web|title=（4）交通結節点の整備|url=https://www.mlit.go.jp/hakusyo/mlit/h18/hakusho/h19/html/i2323400.html|access-date=1 June 2021|website=www.mlit.go.jp|language=ja}}</ref> An example of this is [[Arbroath railway station|Arbroath]].
Occasionally, a station serves two or more railway lines at differing levels. This may be due to the station's position at a point where two lines cross (example: [[Berlin Hauptbahnhof]]), or may be to provide separate station capacity for two types of service, such as intercity and suburban (examples: [[Paris-Gare de Lyon]] and [[30th Street Station|Philadelphia's 30th Street Station]]), or for two different destinations.
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In a station, there are different types of tracks to serve different purposes. A station may also have a [[passing loop]] with a loop line that comes off the straight [[Main line (railway)|main line]] and merge back to the main line on the other end by [[railroad switch]]es to allow trains to pass.<ref name=cahsr>{{cite web|title=Technical Memorandum: Typical Cross Section for 15% Design (TM 1.1.21)|url=http://www.hsr.ca.gov/docs/programs/eir_memos/Proj_Guidelines_TM1_1_21R00.pdf|publisher=California High-Speed Rail Program|access-date=18 March 2014}}</ref>
A track with a spot at the station to board and disembark trains is called station track or house track<ref name=mw>{{cite web|title=Station Track|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/station%20track|publisher=Merriam-Webster Dictionary|access-date=18 March 2014}}</ref> regardless of whether it is a main line or loop line. If such track is served by a [[Railway platform|platform]], the track may be called platform track. A loop line without a platform, which is used to allow a train to clear the main line at the station only,
There may be other [[Siding (rail)|sidings]] at the station which are lower speed tracks for other purposes. A maintenance track or a maintenance siding, usually connected to a passing track, is used for parking maintenance equipment, trains not in service, [[autorack]]s or [[Sleeping car|sleepers]]. A [[refuge track]] is a dead-end siding that is connected to a station track as a temporary storage of a disabled train.<ref name=cahsr/>
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====Other countries====
[[File:Estación Central, Ámsterdam, Países Bajos, 2016-05-30, DD 01-03 HDR.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|The [[Amsterdam Centraal station]] in the Netherlands]]
In [[Portugal]], [[halt (railway)|railway stops]] are called halts ({{Lang-pt|apeadeiro}}).<ref>{{Cite web |last=S.A |first=Priberam Informática |title=apeadeiro |url=https://dicionario.priberam.org/apeadeiro |access-date=2023-09-15 |website=Dicionário Priberam |language=pt-br}}</ref>
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* The world's station with most platforms is [[Grand Central Terminal]] in New York City with 44 platforms.<ref name="AutoDR-6">{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/largest-railway-station-(no-of-platforms)|title=Largest railway station (no. of platforms)|website=Guinness World Records|access-date=6 December 2019}}</ref>
* The world's station with the longest platform is [[Hubli Junction railway station]] with a platform length of {{convert|1505|m}} and is located in Karnataka, India.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Huralimath |first1=Arunkumar |title=World's longest railway platform in Hubballi in its final stage of construction |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2021/mar/21/worlds-longest-railway-platform-in-hubballiin-its-final-stage-of-construction-2279648.html |access-date=31 March 2021 |work=The New Indian Express |date=21 March 2021}}</ref>
* The world's highest station above ground level (not above sea level) is [[Hualongqiao station]] in [[Chongqing]] with Line 9 trains stopping 48 meters above the surface.<ref>{{Cite web |title=关于轨道交通9号线一期，你想知道的，都在这儿啦！_重庆市人民政府网 |url=https://www.cq.gov.cn/zwgk/zfxxgkml/hygq/202201/t20220125_10339096.html |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=www.cq.gov.cn |language=zh}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=重庆9号线一期开通 化龙桥站再现"轨道穿楼"-中国科技网 |url=http://www.stdaily.com/index/kejixinwen/202201/7bff78271f0e4b8eb898406da76290ea.shtml |access-date=2023-03-15 |website=www.stdaily.com |language=zh}}</ref>
* [[Coney Island – Stillwell Avenue (New York City Subway)|Coney Island – Stillwell Avenue]] in New York City is the world's largest elevated terminal with 8 tracks and 4 island platforms.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/28/nyregion/28subway.html|title=And Now for the Good News From the Subway System; New Terminal in Coney Island Rivals the Great Train Sheds of Europe|date=28 May 2005|work=The New York Times}}</ref>
* [[Shanghai South railway station]], opened in June 2006, has the world's largest circular transparent roof.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://english.people.com.cn/200606/26/eng20060626_277464.html |title=The railway station with world's largest transparent roof |date=26 June 2006 |newspaper=People's Daily |location =Beijing |access-date=13 March 2008}}</ref>
=== Europe ===
{{see also|List of busiest railway stations in Europe|List of highest railway stations in Europe}}
[[File:Milan CentralStation 016 4294.jpg|thumb|[[Milano Centrale railway station|Milan Centrale]], Italy, is the largest railway station in Europe by volume.<ref name="unitremilano">{{Cite web|url=https://www.unitremilano.it/920/luoghi/stazione-centrale-milano.html|title=La Stazione Centrale di Milano: la più grande in Europa|access-date=1 October 2023}}</ref>]]
Busiest
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* [[Leipzig Hbf]] is the biggest railway station in Europe in terms of floor area ({{convert|83460|m2}}).<ref name=WA/>
* [[München Hbf]] and [[Roma Termini railway station|Rome Termini]] are the largest railway station by number of platforms (32).<ref name=WA/>
* [[Milano Centrale railway station|Milan Centrale]] is the largest railway station in Europe by volume.<ref name="unitremilano"/>
* [[Nuremberg Central Station]] is the largest through station by number of platforms (22)
Highest
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