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{{redirect|St John Brodrick}}▼
{{short description|British politician}}
▲{{redirect|St John Brodrick}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2012}}
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| honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
| name = The Earl of Midleton
| honorific-suffix = [[Order of St
| image = St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton, circa 1910s.jpg
| order1 = [[Secretary of State for War]]
| term_start1 = 12 November 1900
| term_end1 = 12 October 1903
| monarch1 = [[Queen Victoria
| primeminister1 = [[Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury|The Marquess of Salisbury]] <br /> [[Arthur Balfour]]
| predecessor1 = [[Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne|The Marquess of Lansdowne]]
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| monarch3 =
| primeminister3 =
| predecessor3 = [[Edward
| successor3 = [[Arthur Maxwell, 11th Baron Farnham|Lord Farnham]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1856|12|14|df=y}}{{CN|date=May 2024}}
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|2|13|1856|12|14|df=y}}
| death_place =
| nationality =
| party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] (until 1891)<br />[[Irish Unionist Alliance]] (1891–1919)<br />[[Unionist Anti-Partition League]] (1919–1922)
| alma_mater = [[Balliol College, Oxford]]
| parents = [[William Brodrick, 8th Viscount Midleton]] &<br />{{abbreviation|Hon.|The Honorable}} [[Thomas Fremantle, 1st Baron Cottesloe|Augusta Mary Fremantle]]
| spouse = (1) [[Francis Charteris, 10th Earl of Wemyss|Lady Hilda Charteris]] <br /> (died 1901) <br /> (2) Madeleine Stanley<br/>(1876–1966)
| children =
}}
'''William St John Fremantle Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton''', [[Order of St
==Background and education==
Brodrick came of a mainly south-west [[Surrey]] family who in the early 17th century, in Sirs St John and Thomas Brodrick, were granted land in the south of
In 1796 the title of Baron Brodrick in the [[Peerage of Great Britain]] was created. The English family seat at [[Peper
He maintained three homes: Peper Harow (House); 34 Portland Place, London (telephone number on the Langham exchange); Midleton (House), Ireland.
==Political career==
Brodrick entered [[Parliament of the United Kingdom|Parliament]] as Conservative member for [[West Surrey (UK Parliament constituency)|West Surrey]] in 1880.<ref name="lg1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/24830/page/2388|title=House member declaration|work=The London Gazette|date=6 April 1880|agency=The London Gazette|access-date=3 September 2014|location=London, UK|page=2388|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918041945/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/24830/page/2388|archive-date=18 September 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>
In 1883 he was appointed to a [[Royal Commission]] examining the condition of Irish prisons.<ref>{{cite web|pages=29–30|url=http://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/25184/page/29|title=House of Lords news summaries|work=The London Gazette|date=2 January 1883|access-date=11 January 2008|issue=25184|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111213110/https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/25184/page/29/data.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2016}}</ref> He was [[Financial Secretary to the War Office]] 1886–92;
He was Secretary of State for War during most of the [[Second Boer War]] (1899–1902). He thus had the responsibility of defending the British use of [[British concentration camps#Public opinion and political opposition|concentration camps]] in parliament. The conflict itself showed that the British army was not prepared for the guerrilla war of the Boers. He therefore initiated (though successors played a bigger part) a period of reform of the British army, which was focused on lessening the emphasis placed on mounted units in combat. In September 1902, Brodrick and [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]], the Commander-in-Chief of the army, visited Germany as guests to attend the German army maneuvers.<ref>{{
In 1904, during a crisis in British relations with Russia, he became the first member of a Cabinet since 1714 to attend a meeting of the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] without being summoned to it by the monarch.<ref>Sir Almeric Fitzroy, ''Memoirs'' (London & New York, 1925), vol. I, p. 222.</ref> At the [[1906 United Kingdom general election|general election of January 1906]], the outcome of which was a Liberal win (the biggest landside except for that of the 1931 National Government's Conservatives), he lost his Parliamentary seat, at [[Guildford (UK Parliament constituency)|Guildford]], which he had held since 1885.<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=25609|page=3495|date=20 July 1886 |nolink=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26311|page=4311|date=29 July 1892 |nolink=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=26651|page=4485|date=9 August 1895 |nolink=y}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27244|page=6774|date=6 November 1900 |nolink=y}}</ref> From March 1907 to 1913 he was an [[alderman]] of [[London County Council]].
From 1910 he was regarded as the nominal leader of the [[Irish Unionist Alliance]] (IUA) in Southern Ireland, while Sir [[
In 1918, during the second, final year of his service on the [[Irish Convention]],
His speeches and/or questions in Parliament were in each year from 1880 to 1941, except 1906, when he held no seat, and 1940. They numbered 7,584, the last of which was a tribute to the passing of [[Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell|Lord Baden Powell]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-william-brodrick/index.html|title = Mr William Brodrick (Hansard)}}</ref>
==Honours and awards==
Midleton was sworn into the [[Privy
He received the Honorary Freedom and was appointed a Liveryman of the [[Worshipful Company of Broderers]] in 1902, his family having been associated with the company since the early 17th century.<ref>{{
He was appointed a [[Knight of the
In the [[1920 New Year Honours]] he was elevated in the British peerage system to '''Earl of Midleton''',<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=31712 |supp=y|page=1|date=30 December 1919 |nolink=y}}</ref> which became extinct with the death of his son in 1979.
==Family==
[[File:St John Brodrick Vanity Fair 18 July 1901.jpg|thumb|"War". Caricature by [[Leslie Ward|Spy]] published in [[Vanity Fair (British magazine 1868-1914)|Vanity Fair]] in 1901.]]
[[File:St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton.jpg|thumb|Grave in [[Peper Harow]], Surrey]]
*Lady Muriel Brodrick (1881–1966), who married in 1901 [[Dudley Marjoribanks, 3rd Baron Tweedmouth]] (1874–1935) and left two daughters.
*Lady Sybil Brodrick (1885–1935), was a [[
*[[George Brodrick, 2nd Earl of Midleton]] (1888–1979)
*Lady Aileen Hilda Brodrick (1890–1970), who married in 1913 mountaineer and author [[Charles Francis Meade]] (1881–1975), by whom she had three daughters and a son.
*Lady Moyra Brodrick (1897–1982), who married in 1922 General Sir [[Charles Loyd|Henry Charles Loyd]] (1891–1973), by who she had a son and a daughter.
After the death of his first wife, Brodrick re-married at [[St George's, Hanover Square]] on 5 January 1903, Madeleine Cecilia Carlyle Stanley (1876–1966), daughter of Colonel Hon. John Constantine Stanley (son of the [[Edward Stanley, 2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley|2nd Baron Stanley of Alderley]]) and [[Mary Jeune, Baroness St Helier|Mary Stewart-Mackenzie]]. His best man at the marriage was the Prime Minister, [[Arthur Balfour]], and several members of the royal family attended.<ref>{{cite newspaper The Times |title=Marriage of Mr. Brodrick and Miss Stanley |date=6 January 1903 |page=9 |issue=36970}}</ref> Madeleine Stanley′s mother had re-married the lawyer [[Francis Jeune, 1st Baron St Helier|Sir Francis Jeune]] (later Baron St Helier), and her sister was married to the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] MP [[Augustus Henry Eden Allhusen]]. By this second marriage he had two sons:
His grandson Sir Julian St. John Loyd (by Lady Moyra) became land agent to [[Queen Elizabeth II]] at [[Sandringham House|Sandringham]]. His daughter, Alexandra (Mrs Duncan Byatt), was a Lady-in-Waiting to [[Diana, Princess of Wales]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/dianas_ladies.htm|title=Yvonne's Royalty Home Page: Diana, Princess of Wales' Ladies-in-Waiting|access-date=4 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815022239/http://users.uniserve.com/~canyon/dianas_ladies.htm|archive-date=15 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref>▼
*Major Hon. Francis Alan Stewart-MacKenzie of Seaforth (1910-1943) who changed his name on inheriting [[Brahan Castle]]. In 1937 he married Margaret Laetitia Lyell MBE (1912-1995) daughter of Major Hon.Charles Lyell MP. He died during the Battle of Salerno on 11 September 1943 (the day after his brother).
*Major Hon. Michael Victor Brodrick MC (1920-1943). He also died at the Battle of Salerno (the day before his brother).{{CN|date=May 2024}}
▲His grandson Sir Julian St. John Loyd (by Lady Moyra) became land agent to [[Queen Elizabeth II]] at [[Sandringham House|Sandringham]]. His daughter, Alexandra (Mrs Duncan Byatt), was a Lady-in-Waiting to [[Diana, Princess of Wales]].
His sister, {{abbreviation|Hon.|The Honorable}} Marian Cecilia married Sir James Whitehead, son of the inventor [[Robert Whitehead]]. Sir James Whitehead was to become the British Ambassador to Austria, and his niece Agathe was the first wife of [[Georg von Trapp]]; the story of their children and his second wife, [[Maria von Trapp]], was the basis of the musical ''[[The Sound of Music]]''.{{CN|date=May 2024}}
Another, {{abbreviation|Hon.|The Honorable}} Albinia, became an early supporter of [[Sinn Féin]] and became well known in Ireland under the name [[Gobnait Ní Bhruadair]].{{CN|date=May 2024}}
Another, {{abbreviation|Hon.|The Honorable}} [[Edith Mary Gell|Edith later Mrs. Lyttleton Gell]] was a published author of at least 24 works, such as ''The Cloud of Witness: A daily sequence of great thoughts from many minds'' and an autobiography, ''Under Three Reigns:
==Publications==
*''Ireland, Dupe or Heroine'', 1932
*''Records and Reactions, 1856–1939'', 1939
==Footnotes==
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[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:Irish Unionist Party politicians]]
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[[Category:Secretaries of State for India]]
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|Brodrick, St John]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Deputy
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
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