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{{Short description|2009 naturalNatural disaster in the southern Pacific Ocean}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox earthquake
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| depth = {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| location = {{Coord|15.53|S|171.87|W|display=inline,title}}<ref name=ISC-GEM/>
| type = First subevent [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Dip-slip (normal and thrust)Normal]]<ref name="Lay et al." /><ref name=USGS/>
Second and third subevent [[Megathrust earthquake|Megathrust]]<ref name="Lay et al." /><ref name=USGS/>
| countries affected = [[Samoa]] <br /> [[American Samoa]] <br /> [[Tonga]] <br /> [[Cook Islands]] <br /> [[Fiji]] <br /> [[French Polynesia]] <br /> [[New Zealand]]
| intensity = {{MMI|VI}}<ref name=USGS/>
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The '''2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami''' took place on 29 September 2009 in the southern Pacific Ocean adjacent to the [[Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone]]. The [[submarine earthquake]] occurred in an [[Extensional tectonics|extensional]] environment and had a [[moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] of 8.1 and a maximum [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of VI (''Strong''). It was the [[List of 21st-century earthquakes#2009|largest]] earthquake of 2009. The earthquake initiated with a normal-faulting event with a magnitude of 8.1.<ref name="Lay et al." /> Within two minutes of the [[earthquake rupture]], two large magnitude 7.8 earthquakes occurred on the [[subduction zone]] interface. The two magnitude 7.8 earthquakes had a combined magnitude equivalent to 8.0.<ref name="Lay et al.">{{cite journal |author1=[[Thorne Lay]] |author2=Charles J. Ammon |author3=[[Hiroo Kanamori]] |author4=Luis Rivera |author5=Keith D. Koper |author6=Alexander R. Hutko |title=The 2009 Samoa–Tonga great earthquake triggered doublet |journal=Nature |date=2010 |volume=466 |issue=7309 |pages=964–968 |doi=10.1038/nature09214 |pmid=20725038 |bibcode=2010Natur.466..964L |s2cid=205221482 |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09214}}</ref> The event can be considered a [[doublet earthquake]].
 
Normal and thrust faulting triggered a [[tsunami]] which caused substantial damage and loss of life in [[Samoa]], [[American Samoa]], and [[Tonga]]. The [[Pacific Tsunami Warning Center]] recorded a {{convert|3|in|adj=on}} rise in sea levels near the [[epicenter]], and New Zealand scientists determined that the waves measured {{convert|14|m}} at their highest on the Samoan coast.<ref name="NIWA">{{cite news |first=Michael |last=Field |title=Pacific tsunami four storeys high |url=http://www.stuff.co.nz/science/3128083/Pacific-tsunami-four-storeys-high |work=[[stuff.co.nz]] |publisher=Fairfax NZ |date=4 December 2009 |access-date=5 December 2009}}</ref> The quake occurred on the [[Outer trench swell|outer rise]] of the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone. This is part of the [[Pacific [[Ring of Fire]], where [[Plate tectonics|tectonic plates]] in the Earth's [[lithosphere]] meet and earthquakes and [[vulcanology|volcanic]] activity are common.
 
Countries affected by the [[tsunami]], in the areas that were hit are American Samoa, Samoa and Tonga (Niuatoputapu) where more than 189 people were killed, especially children, most of them in Samoa.<ref>{{cite web|title=Search for bodies continue, death toll rises in South Pacific &#124; NATIONAL News |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/search-continues-death-toll-rises-3045675 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091006061332/http://tvnz.co.nz/national-news/search-continues-death-toll-rises-3045675 |archive-date=6 October 2009 |url-status=live |access-date=2 October 2009 }}</ref>
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==American Samoa==
[[File:Crews Damage from Tsunami American Samoa.jpg|200px|thumb|left|Crews working near the damage from the tsunami in American Samoa]]
The ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', quoting a source at the [[National Park of American Samoa]], reported that "four tsunami waves, 15 to 20 ft (4.6 to 6 m) high", and "reaching up to a mile (1.6&nbsp;km) inland" hit American Samoa shortly after the earthquake.<ref name="lat">{{cite news |first=Fili|last=Sagapolutele |title=Tsunami toll expected to rise in Samoan islands|agency=Associated Press |work=Los Angeles Times |date=2 October 2009|url=httphttps://articleswww.latimes.com/2009archives/la-xpm-2009-sep/-30/nation/-na-samoa-quake30-story.html }}</ref> The water flowed inland about 100 yd (100 m) before receding, leaving some cars stuck in the mud.<ref name="lat"/> Damage to the [[National Park of American Samoa|National Park's]] natural reserves and the destruction of its [[visitor center]] and main offices have been reported, while only 20% of the park's 40 to 50 employees and volunteers had been found.<ref name="lat"/>
 
A beach village was reported to have been "wiped out", killing at least 14 people after the earthquake had sent residents fleeing for higher ground.<ref name="casualties"/> Large numbers of American Samoans were said to have been left injured or homeless.<ref name="rnzi">{{cite news |title=Samoa disaster toll soars |url=http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=49414|agency=Associated Press |publisher=[[Radio New Zealand International]] |date=30 September 2009 |access-date=29 September 2009}}</ref>
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The water system was also damaged in the earthquake, and the supply of [[fresh water]] to eastern parts of American Samoa has been disrupted due to broken water lines.<ref name="samoanews"/> The water division of the American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA) announced that it will bring water in tanker trucks to affected villages.<ref name="samoanews"/> Residents were warned to conserve and boil water until safe drinking water supplies can be restored, which could take some time.<ref name="samoanews"/>
 
U.S. President [[Barack Obama]] declared a [[disaster area|major disaster]] in American Samoa, allowing federal funds to be used for rescues, life support, and public health and safety measures.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=49596 |title=President Declares Major Disaster For Territory of American Samoa |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=[[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] |access-date=30 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091008001532/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=49596 |archive-date=8 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among the initial U.S. government response was a [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] (FEMA) logistics team and staff from the [[United States Department of Health and Human Services|Department of Health and Human Services]] (HHS), [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]], [[Federal Aviation Administration]], and [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]]. Also, [[basic needs]] and basic commodities, including [[electrical generators]], medical supplies, and [[pharmaceutical drug]]s were sent out, and multiple planes are being prepared for more cargo and personnel, including FEMA, HHS, and Coast Guard staff and experts from the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|Environmental Protection Agency]], [[United States Army Corps of Engineers|U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]], and [[American Red Cross|Red Cross]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=49616 |title=Federal Coordinating Officer Lands in American Samoa |publisher=[[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] |date=30 September 2009 |access-date=30 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091001081931/http://www.fema.gov/news/newsrelease.fema?id=49616 |archive-date=1 October 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The {{USS|Ingraham|FFG-61}} wasarrived en route toin [[American Samoa]] andon was30 theSeptember firstand U.S.assisted militaryrecovery assetefforts towith arriveits andtwo assistSeahawk in the recovery effortshelicopters.<ref>{{cite web |url=httphttps://wwwreliefweb.navytimes.comint/newsreport/2009/09/guard_samoa_093009wamerican-samoa/fact-sheet-american-samoa-tsunami-response-situational-overview-01-oct-2009 |title=HawaiiFact Guard,sheet Navy bound for- American Samoa tsunami response situational overview, 01 Oct 2009 |workpublisher=NavyReliefweb Times|date=1 October 2009 |access-date=111 October 20092022}}</ref>
 
==Samoa==
Samoa evacuated people from the entire city of [[Apia]], the country's capital city on the island of [[Upolu]] and moving thousands of residents to higher ground.<ref name="nzh">{{cite news |title=At least seven dead after quake, tsunami hit Samoa |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10600416|work=The New Zealand Herald |date=30 September 2009 |access-date=29 September 2009}}</ref> Journalist Cherelle Jackson reported that the city quickly emptied in the aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami, "All the schools, workplaces everyone has walked up – it's like a ghost town."<ref name="nzh"/>
 
Twenty villages on Upolu south side were reportedly destroyed, including [[LepaLepā, Samoa|LepaLepā]], the home of Samoa's Prime Minister<ref>{{cite web |url=https://windsorstar.com/news/Tsunami+smashes+Pacific+islands+over+feared+dead/2049879/story.html |title=Tsunami smashes Pacific islands, over 100 feared dead |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=windsorstar.com |access-date=30 September 2009 |author=Baris Atayman |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006123549/http://www.windsorstar.com/news/Tsunami+smashes+Pacific+islands+over+feared+dead/2049879/story.html |archive-date=6 October 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[TuilaepaTuila'epa Lupesoliai SaileleSa'ilele Malielegaoi]]. In LepaLepā, only the church and the village's welcome sign remained standing following the tsunami.<ref name="dt">{{cite news |first=Tamara |last=McClean |title=Searching ruins for reason to live after the tsunami |url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/searching-ruins-for-reason-to-live-after-the-tsunami/story-e6freuy9-1225781822624 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph (Sydney)]]|date=2 October 2009 |access-date=5 October 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091012113345/http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/searching-ruins-for-reason-to-live-after-the-tsunami/story-e6freuy9-1225781822624| archive-date= 12 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> The hardest hit areas in Samoa appear to be [[Fagaloa Bay]] on the east coast of [[Upolu]], [[Lalomanu]] on the south east coast, and along the rest of the southern coast of the island,<ref name="nzh"/> with one hospital in Apia reporting it had received 79 bodies.<ref name="theage"/> The village of [[Poutasi]] on the south west coast of Upolu was reported with extensive damage in a [[TVNZ]] news item, along with its neighbouring Villages of Satalo and Salani being completely wiped out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/tsunami-sirens-wail-again-in-samoa-3041553/video |title=Samoa tsunami toll may exceed 100 |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=tvnz.co.nz |access-date=30 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312013028/http://tvnz.co.nz/world-news/tsunami-sirens-wail-again-in-samoa-3041553/video |archive-date=12 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
A mother at the Taufua Beach Fales in Lalomanu watched her three young children swept away by the tsunami.<ref>{{cite news|title='All three of them gone' – mother sees children swept away – National – NZ Herald News |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10600520 |work=The New Zealand Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021105843/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10600520 |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=2 October 2009 |first=Vaimoana |last=Tapaleao |date=1 October 2009 }}</ref> Elsewhere there were reports of landslides near [[Solosolo]] and damage to [[plantations]] near Apia.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gcQYRcaxXR6t5UcX_WlbD_qBAmQwD9B16T6G0 |title=Residents flee tsunami after strong quake in Samoa |work=The Associated Press |author=Fili Sagapolutele |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003024511/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gcQYRcaxXR6t5UcX_WlbD_qBAmQwD9B16T6G0 |archive-date=3 October 2009 |date=29 June 2009 |access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref>
 
A number of tourist resorts are located on Upolu's south coast. These include Coconuts Beach Resort<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coconutsbeachclubsamoa.com/ |title=Samoa Earthquake/Tsunami – #Update 1 |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=coconutsbeachclubsamoa.com |access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref> and Sinalei Reef Resort and Spa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sinalei.ws/ |title=Talofa Lava – Welcome to Sinalei Reef Resort & Spa |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=sinalei.ws |access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref> in the village of [[Siumu]]. Both resorts published tsunami updates on their websites. The Sa'Moana Resort is in the village of [[Salamumu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samoa-hotels.ws/Sa_Moana_Resort__Upolu/accm_location |title=Sa'Moana Resort, South Coast, Upolu Island |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=samoa-hotels.ws |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091003000819/http://www.samoa-hotels.ws/Sa_Moana_Resort__Upolu/accm_location |archive-date=3 October 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 March 2012 }}</ref>
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The eastern part of the island remains without power or water supplies after the earthquake.<ref name="theage">{{Cite news|first=Brendan |last=Nicholson |title=Two Australians dead, grave fears for others as Samoan tsunami toll rises |url=http://www.theage.com.au/world/two-australians-dead-grave-fears-for-others-as-samoan-tsunami-toll-rises-20090930-gba7.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121231062952/http://www.theage.com.au/world/two-australians-dead-grave-fears-for-others-as-samoan-tsunami-toll-rises-20090930-gba7.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 December 2012 |work=The Age |date=30 September 2009 |access-date=30 September 2009 |location=Melbourne }}</ref>
 
A Red Cross worker reported to [[Radio New Zealand]] that waves {{convert|10|ft|0}} high had flattened beachside resorts on Upolu,<ref>''[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/01/world/asia/01tsunami.html?_r=1&ref=global-home Scores Die as Tsunami Hits Samoa Islands]'', MERAIAHMeriah Foley FOLEY in ''[[The New York Times]]'' online edition. Published 30 September 2009. Retrieved d.d. 30 September 2009.</ref> and that residents told him the tourist zone of Lalomanu had been crushed by a wall of water about {{convert|20|–|30|ft|m|abbr=on}} high.<ref>[http://static.radionz.net.nz/assets/audio_item/0004/2081056/ckpt-20090930-1708-Samoa_Tsunamis-m048.asx Audio interview with Sati Young] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725134302/http://static.radionz.net.nz/assets/audio_item/0004/2081056/ckpt-20090930-1708-Samoa_Tsunamis-m048.asx |date=25 July 2011 }}, ''Checkpoint'', Radio New Zealand, 30 September 2009. [http://www.radionz.co.nz/news/stories/2009/09/30/1245c8c06422 Quake triggers deadly tsunamis in Pacific], ''Radio New Zealand'', 1 October 2009.</ref> The cliffs above Lalomanu were scoured out to a height of {{convert|10|–|15|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>Kirsty Johnston, [http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/2934138/Tsunami-reality-worse-than-predicted Tsunami: reality worse than predicted], ''Taranaki Daily News'', 6 October 2009.</ref>
 
Power outages were reported, and phone lines were jammed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kgmb9.com/main/content/view/21527/76/ |title=Tsunami Sweeps Through Pago Pago;63 Dead |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=kgmb9.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004103111/http://kgmb9.com/main/content/view/21527/76/ |archive-date=4 October 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 March 2012}}</ref> Samoan officials confirmed the runway at [[Faleolo International Airport]] on Upolu was safe by early afternoon (30 September 2009).
 
[[Prime Minister of Samoa|Samoan Prime Minister]] TuilaepaTuila'epa Aiono SaileleSa'ilele Malielegaoi, and his Deputy Prime Minister [[Misa Telefoni Retzlaff]] were in [[Auckland]], New Zealand, at the time of the earthquake. Both political leaders immediately returned to Samoa. Prime Minister Malielegaoi lost two relatives in the tsunami, including the daughter of one of his nieces.<ref name="so">{{cite news|first=Alan |last=Ah Mu |title=PM lost two relatives |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13715:pm-lost&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 |work=[[Samoa Observer]] |date=1 October 2009 |access-date=15 October 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220103010/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13715%3Apm-lost&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=50 |archive-date=20 February 2012 }}</ref>
 
The Prime Minister made his first address to the nation, after the tsunami, on 1 October.<ref name="NZ_Herald_10600881">{{cite news |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10600881 |title=Samoa's Prime Minister in grief as nation mourns |author=Cherelle Jackson |date=2 October 2009 |work=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |access-date=10 September 2011}}</ref>
The Government of Samoa estimates the damage at US$147.25 million.<ref name="reliefweb.int">{{cite web|url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/RMOI-7WHMXB?OpenDocument# |title=Samoa: Samoa/Tonga: Tsunami OCHA Situation Report No. 5 &#124; ReliefWeb |publisher=Reliefweb.int |date=4 October 2009 |access-date=5 March 2012}}</ref>
 
On 2 October 2009, an estimated 30003,000 people were homeless and seeking refuge in shelters set up around the worst-affected villages.<ref>{{cite news|title=Up to six NZers feared dead in tsunami – National – NZ Herald News |url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10600889 |work=The New Zealand Herald |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021110321/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10600889 |archive-date=21 October 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=2 October 2009 |date=2 October 2009 }}</ref> New Zealand's Minister of Foreign Affairs [[Murray McCully]] visited Apia to co-ordinate New Zealand's emergency relief effort. New Zealand Prime Minister [[John Key]] arrived in Samoa on 3 October and visited some of the most damaged areas on Upolu including the villages of Poutasi and Lalolamu.<ref name="TVNZ_3046015">{{cite web|url=http://tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/john-key-arrives-in-samoa-3046015 |title=John Key arrives in Samoa |date=3 October 2009 |work=[[Television New Zealand]] |access-date=14 September 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005185724/http://tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/john-key-arrives-in-samoa-3046015 |archive-date=5 October 2012 }}</ref>
 
The Samoa government and the people of Samoa held a national funeral at Apia Park for tsunami victims on 8 October 2009 (Samoa local time).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pacificeyewitness.org/2009/10/09/samoa-stands-still-for-national-funeral-at-apia-park/ |title=pacificeyewitness.org |publisher=pacificeyewitness.org |date=27 January 2012 |access-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314214226/http://pacificeyewitness.org/2009/10/09/samoa-stands-still-for-national-funeral-at-apia-park/ |archive-date=14 March 2012 }}</ref>
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''[[The Guardian]]'' reported 189 deaths; 149 in Samoa, 31 American Samoa, 9 Tonga (2 October 2009).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/02/surfer-rode-samoa-tsunami-waves|title=Surfer survived Samoa tsunami by riding out the waves|author=Toni O'Loughlin|work=The Guardian |location=London |date=2 October 2009|access-date=3 October 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091006024129/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/oct/02/surfer-rode-samoa-tsunami-waves| archive-date= 6 October 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref>
 
==Tsunami Memorialmemorial==
Following the 1st anniversary of February [[2011 Christchurch earthquake|2011 earthquake memorial]] in [[Christchurch]], a memorial dedicated to the tsunami victims was erected in the village of [[Leone, American Samoa]] on 25 February 2012. Leone, a small village on a bay was, particularly hard-hit. The monument is called the [[Leone Healing Garden|Healing Garden]].<ref>{{cite web|title=American Samoa remembers 2009 tsunami|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/255588/american-samoa-remembers-2009-tsunami|website=Radio New Zealand|date=26 September 2014|publisher=Radio New Zealand|access-date=5 January 2015}}</ref>
 
==International aid==
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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Army Geospatial Center, prepared an emergency webpage for geological, hydrological and trafficability information for relief engineering and humanitarian aid.
 
Australia sent teams of paramedics, doctors, nurses and search and rescue specialists with essential supplies like tents and medicine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tsunami toll could have been worse: Samoan PM – |publisher=ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |websitelocation=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]Australia |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/02/2702623.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004011535/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/10/02/2702623.htm |archive-date=4 October 2009 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 October 2009 }}</ref>
 
Other aid came from concerned individuals and groups throughout the world, namely New Zealand, Australia, the United States and Canada.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14671:aid-from&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 |title=Aid from far-off Canada |work=Samoa Observer |date=26 October 2009 |access-date=6 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305030103/http://www.samoaobserver.ws/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14671:aid-from&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=50 |archive-date=5 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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==Emergency relief funds for donations==
*The New Zealand Red Cross appeal raised donations amounting to almost NZ$3.5 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Samoa appeal closes topping $3.5 millonmillion |url=http://www.redcross.org.nz/cms_display.php?sn=45&st=1&pg=7081 |publisher=New Zealand Red Cross |access-date=14 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100125085028/http://www.redcross.org.nz/cms_display.php?sn=45&st=1&pg=7081 |archive-date=25 January 2010 }}</ref>
*Oxfam New Zealand set up a rapid response emergency fund at their website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2009/09/oxfam-sets-up-rapid-response-emergency-fund-for-samoa/ |title=Oxfam sets up rapid response emergency fund for Samoa |date=29 September 2009 |publisher=pacific.scoop.co.nz |access-date=30 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523060913/http://pacific.scoop.co.nz/2009/09/oxfam-sets-up-rapid-response-emergency-fund-for-samoa/ |archive-date=23 May 2010 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*UNICEF (NZ)
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*[[List of earthquakes in 2009]]
*[[List of earthquakes in Samoa]]
*[[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apai eruption and tsunami]]▼
*[[List of tsunamis]]
▲*[[2022 Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha'apaiHaʻapai eruption and tsunami]]
*[[2018 Sulawesi earthquake and tsunami]]
 
==References==
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==External links==
{{commons category|2009 Samoan Islands tsunami}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8281616.stm Deadly tsunami strikes in Pacific ] – ''[[BBC News]]''
* [http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/dbc.nsf/doc108?OpenForm&emid=TS-2009-000209-ASM&rc=5 South Pacific: Tsunami – Sep 2009] – [[ReliefWeb]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120324083545/http://www.3news.co.nz/A-family-devastated-by-the-tsunami---full-interview/tabid/417/articleID/123606/cat/1032/Default.aspx/ A family devastated by the tsunami – full interview] – ''[[3 News]]''
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[[Category:2009 in the Cook Islands|Samoa Earthquake, 2009]]
[[Category:2009 earthquakes|Samoa]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Americaninsular Samoaareas of the United States]]
[[Category:EarthquakesNatural disasters in American Samoa]]
[[Category:Natural disasters in Samoa]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Tonga]]
[[Category:2009 tsunamis]]
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[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:September 2009 events in Oceania]]
[[Category:2009 in Oceania]]
[[Category:2009 disasters in Oceania]]
[[Category:Doublet earthquakes]]
[[Category:Tsunamis in Tonga]]
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