Florence: Difference between revisions

| metropolitan_city = [[Metropolitan City of Florence|Florence]] (FI)

| frazioni = Baronta, Callai, Galluzzo, Cascine del Riccio, Croce di Via, La lastra, Mantignano, Ugnano, Parigi, Piazza Calda, Pontignale, San Michele a Monteripaldi, Settignano

| mayor_party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]

| elevation_footnotes =

}}

 

 

Florence was a centre of [[Middle Ages|medieval]] European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://search.barnesandnoble.com/Economy-of-Renaissance-Florence/Richard-A-Goldthwaite/e/9780801889820 |title=Economy of Renaissance Florence, Richard A. Goldthwaite, Book – Barnes & Noble |publisher=Search.barnesandnoble.com |date=23 April 2009 |access-date=22 January 2010 |archive-date=4 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100404082637/http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Economy-of-Renaissance-Florence/Richard-A-Goldthwaite/e/9780801889820 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It is considered by many academics<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tag/firenze-del-rinascimento/ |title=Firenze-del-rinascimento: Documenti, foto e citazioni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani}}</ref> to have been the birthplace of the [[Renaissance]], becoming a major artistic, cultural, commercial, political, economic and financial center.<ref>Spencer Baynes, L.L.D., and [[William Robertson Smith|W. Robertson Smith]], L.L.D., ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Akron, Ohio: The Werner Company, 1907: p. 675</ref> During this time, Florence rose to a position of enormous influence in Italy, Europe, and beyond.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Florence {{!}} History, Geography, & Culture |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Florence |access-date=3 November 2021 |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |language=en}}</ref> Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful [[House of Medici|Medici]] family and numerous religious and republican revolutions.<ref>{{cite book |last=Brucker |first=Gene A. |title=Renaissance Florence |url=https://archive.org/details/renaissanceflore00bruc_0 |url-access=registration |year=1969 |publisher=Wiley |location=New York |isbn=0-520-04695-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/renaissanceflore00bruc_0/page/23 23]}}</ref> From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the [[Kingdom of Italy]]. The [[Florentine dialect]] forms the base of [[Italian language|standard Italian]] and it became the language of culture throughout Italy<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/storia-della-lingua_(Enciclopedia-dell'Italiano)/ |title=storia della lingua in 'Enciclopedia dell'Italiano' |publisher=Treccani.it |access-date=28 October 2017}}</ref> due to the prestige of the masterpieces by [[Dante Alighieri]], [[Petrarch]], [[Giovanni Boccaccio]], [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] and [[Francesco Guicciardini]].

The language spoken in the city during the 14th century came to be accepted as the model for what would become the [[Italian language]]. Thanks especially to the works of the Tuscans [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]], [[Petrarch]] and [[Giovanni Boccaccio|Boccaccio]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Italian Language: From the Origins to the Present Day |url=https://www.europassitalian.com/learn/history/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Europass |language=en-US}}</ref> the Florentine dialect, above all the local dialects, was adopted as the basis for a national literary language.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Alighieri |first=Scuole d'italiano Dante |date=9 October 2018 |title=History of the Italian language: the literary language |url=https://www.scuoleditaliano.it/history-of-the-italian-language-the-literary-language/?lang=en |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Scuole d'italiano per stranieri Società Dante Alighieri. |language=en-US |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619135414/https://www.scuoleditaliano.it/history-of-the-italian-language-the-literary-language/?lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=johndeike |date=3 March 2021 |title=The Architects and Origins Behind the Italian Language |url=https://orderisda.org/culture/language/the-architects-and-origins-behind-the-italian-language/ |access-date=19 June 2023 |website=Italian Sons and Daughters of America |language=en-US}}</ref>

 

 

Florence was home to the Medici, one of European history's most important noble families. [[Lorenzo de' Medici]] was considered a political and cultural mastermind of Italy in the late 15th century. Two members of the family were [[pope]]s in the early 16th century: [[Leo X]] and [[Clement VII]]. [[Catherine de' Medici]] married King [[Henry II of France]] and, after his death in 1559, reigned as regent in France. [[Marie de' Medici]] married [[Henry IV of France]] and gave birth to the future King [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]]. The Medici reigned as [[Grand Dukes of Tuscany]], starting with [[Cosimo I de' Medici]] in 1569 and ending with the death of [[Gian Gastone de' Medici]] in 1737.

 

As of 2016, an estimated 30,000 people, or 8% of the population, identified as Muslim.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Italy |first=The Local |date=7 April 2016 |title=Florence plans 'mega-mosque' for Muslim worshippers |url=https://www.thelocal.it/20160407/florence-plans-mega-mosque-to-house-1000-strong-faithful |access-date=24 October 2023 |website=The Local Italy}}</ref>

 

==Economy==

* In 1301, [[Dante Alighieri]] was sent into exile from here (commemorated by a plaque on one of the walls of the Uffizi).

* On 26 April 1478, [[Jacopo de' Pazzi]] and his retainers tried to raise the city against the Medici after the plot known as ''La congiura dei Pazzi'' (''[[Pazzi conspiracy|The Pazzi conspiracy]]''), murdering [[Giuliano de' Medici (1453–1478)|Giuliano di Piero de' Medici]] and wounding his brother Lorenzo. All the members of the plot who could be apprehended were seized by the Florentines and hanged from the windows of the palace.

* On 23 May 1498, the same Savonarola and two followers were hanged and burnt at the stake. (A round plate in the ground marks the spot where he was hanged)

* In 1504, [[David (Michelangelo)|Michelangelo's David]] (now replaced by a replica, since the original was moved in 1873 to the [[Galleria dell'Accademia]]) was installed in front of the Palazzo della Signoria (also known as {{lang|it|Palazzo Vecchio|italic=no}}).

* [[Cesare Bomboni]], architect

* [[Sandro Botticelli]] (1445-1510), painter

* [[Egisto Bracci]] (1830–1909), architect

* [[Aureliano Brandolini]], agronomist and development cooperation scholar

* [[Rose McGowan]], Florence-born actress

* [[House of Medici|Medici]] family

* [[Antonio Meucci]] (1808-1889), [[invention of the telephone|inventor of the telephone]]

* [[Pirrho Musefili]], Florentine [[cryptographer]] and [[cryptanalyst]]

* [[Maria Giustina Turcotti]] (c. 1700 – after 1763), opera singer<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |date=2002 |title=Turcotti, Maria Giustina|encyclopedia=[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians|Grove Music Online]] |series=Oxford Music Online |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|author=Dennis Libby and Carlo Vitali|doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O002685|isbn=1-56159-263-3}}</ref>

* [[Giorgio Vasari]], painter, architect, and historian

* [[Coriolano Vighi]], (1846-1905), landscape painter

* [[Leonardo da Vinci]], [[polymath]]