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{{Infobox bridge
|bridge_name = Waldo–Hancock Bridge
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|caption = Waldo–Hancock Bridge in 2001
|official_name = Waldo–Hancock Bridge
|carries = {{jct|state=ME|US|1}} and {{jct|state=ME|ME|3}}
|crosses = [[Penobscot River]]
|locale = [[Bucksport, Maine]], ([[Hancock County, Maine]])
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|length = {{convert|2040|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}
|width = {{convert|20|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} roadway with <br />Two {{convert|3+1/2|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} sidewalks
|height =
|load =
|clearance =
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|map_width =
|coordinates = {{coord|44.560692|N|68.801966|W|scale:50000}}
|extra = {{Infobox NRHP
| embed = yes
| name = Waldo–Hancock Bridge
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| image =
| caption =
| location = {{jct|state=ME|US|1}}
| built = 1931
| architect = Robinson & Steinman
| architecture =
| added = June 20, 1985
| delisted = December 18, 2013<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20131227.htm NRHP actions list, December 27, 2013]</ref>
| area = {{convert|4|acre|1}}
| refnum = 85001267<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
}}
}}
The '''Waldo–Hancock Bridge''' was the first long-span [[suspension bridge]] erected in [[Maine]], as well as the first permanent bridge across the [[Penobscot River]]
The bridge was {{convert|2040|ft|m|1}} long with a clear [[Span (architecture)|center span]] of {{convert|800|ft|m|1}} between towers. It had two {{convert|350|ft|adj=on|1}} side spans and
==Construction==
[[David B. Steinman]], of [[David B. Steinman#Robinson & Steinman|Robinson and Steinman]], was the designer. The bridge was fabricated by [[American Bridge Company]] (superstructure) and [[Merritt-Chapman & Scott]] (substructure).
[[File:Waldo-Hancock Bridge Dedication Plaque 1931.jpg|thumb|left|Dedication plaque, 1931]][[File:Waldo Hancock Bridge Toll Ticket Books 1935.jpg|thumb|left|Toll ticket books, c1935]]Technologically, the Waldo–Hancock Bridge represented a number of firsts. It was one of the first two bridges in the U.S. (along with the [[St. Johns Bridge]] in [[Portland, Oregon]], completed in June
The Waldo–Hancock was also the first bridge to make use of the [[Truss#Vierendeel truss|Vierendeel truss]] in its two towers, giving it an effect that Steinman called "artistic, emphasizing horizontal and vertical lines." This attractive and effective truss design was later used in a number of important bridges, including the [[Triborough Bridge]] and [[Golden Gate Bridge]].<ref name="Farnham">{{cite web
The Waldo–Hancock Bridge was noted at the time for its economy of design and construction. It cost far less than had been appropriated by the State Highway Commission, which enabled the construction of a second bridge between Verona Island and Bucksport. When opened in 1931 the bridge collected tolls used to retire the bonds issued to finance its construction. All tolls were lifted twenty-two years later on October 31, 1953, however, when those original construction bonds were paid off. Original tolls ranged from 10¢ for "one or two horse vehicle including driver" to 50¢ for "auto truck or tractor over 26,000 pounds".
==Rehabilitation, replacement, and
As the bridge approached its seventieth anniversary with the end of the century, a series of routine safety inspections made by the Maine Department of Transportation revealed that over those seven decades the structure's two main suspension cables and the many vertical bridge deck stringers had become seriously corroded, thereby deteriorating their ability to support the deck, roadway and the traffic that crossed it. These engineering studies made it clear that the bridge required immediate major rehabilitation and eventual replacement.<ref>{{cite web |
[[File:Waldo-Hancock Bridge, Bucksport, ME in July, 2007 after abandonment.jpg|thumb|left|The closed Waldo-Hancock Bridge in 2007 still showing its temporarily repaired cables]]
[[File:Waldo-Hancock Bridge, Bucksport, ME in July, 2007 after abandonment.jpg|thumb|left|The closed Waldo-Hancock Bridge in 2007 still showing its temporarily repaired cables.]]Work was undertaken to rehabilitate the bridge starting in 2000<ref>{{cite web| url = http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?ID=s0001116| title = Waldo–Hancock Bridge| publisher = [[Structurae]]| accessdate = May 1, 2006}}</ref> by [[Cianbro]] and Piasecki Steel Construction Corp. with cable work by Williamsport Wirerope Works Inc, by focusing on strengthening the cables. The two cables were done separately, one a time. Piasecki Steel Construction Corp., Castleton, N.Y., rehabilitated the north cable in 2002. At this point the bridge was discovered to be beyond permanent repair and would have to be abandoned and replaced by a new structure to be built adjacent to the aging bridge.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.bridgemeister.com/pic.php?pid=172 | title = Waldo–Hancock Suspension Bridge| publisher = Bridgemeister.com | accessdate = May 1, 2006}}</ref> Work then shifted to temporary strengthening. For the south cable, MDOT in August 2003 hired Pittsfield, Maine-based Cianbro Corp. under a $4-million emergency contract.▼
▲
The rehabilitation used a single wire thickness ({{convert|2|in|cm|1|adj=on}} diameter galvanized helical 91-wire strands.) to facilitate fabricating and installing the cables more quickly. New concrete anchorages with up to {{convert|30|ft|m|1|adj=on}} long anchor rods were built by Cianbro. Crews installed continuous runs of strands on new saddles bolted and welded on new base plates atop cable bents and the main towers. Workers placed two groups of four strands {{convert|12|ft|m|1}} above each main cable to allow for pulls. Each strand weighs 4 tons (3.6 metric tons). A rope pull was walked across, connected to a {{convert|7/8|in|cm|1|adj=on}} pull cable, then winched back across and connected to the strand, which was fed through a tensioner holding back about {{convert|15000|lb|kg|-3}} to smooth the pull.▼
▲The rehabilitation used a single wire thickness ({{convert|2|in|cm|1|adj=
"We hooked and rehooked one strand per day on average," says Archie J. Wheaton, Cianbro project superintendent. "The strands were connected to anchor rods; then we set the sag." The new auxiliary cables are connected to existing double suspender cables by {{convert|1+1/8|in|cm}} steel rods, then tensioned with 30-ton (27.2 metric ton) jacks, bringing the new cables about {{convert|3|ft|m|0}} from the main cables.<ref>{{cite web| last = Angelo| first = William J.| year = 2003| url = http://enr.construction.com/news/transportation/archives/031110a.asp| title = Maine Cables Get Extra Support in Rare Procedure| publisher = ENR.com Engineering News Record| accessdate =May 1, 2006}}</ref>▼
▲"We hooked and rehooked one strand per day on average," says Archie J. Wheaton, Cianbro project superintendent. "The strands were connected to anchor rods; then we set the sag." The new auxiliary cables are connected to existing double suspender cables by {{convert|1+1/8|in|cm|1|adj=mid|-diameter}} steel rods, then tensioned with 30-ton (27.2 metric ton) jacks, bringing the new cables about {{convert|3|ft|m|0}} from the main cables.<ref>{{cite web
A new construction, the [[Penobscot Narrows Bridge]], was built alongside the older one.<ref>This [http://www.waldohancockbridge.com/waldo-county-bridge/slides/4_21.jpg image] is a spectacular overhead view of the roadway advancing on the new bridge from the Maine DOT site</ref> The new bridge was opened to traffic on December 30, 2006, at which point the Waldo–Hancock Bridge was ceremoniously closed. Barricades were erected at both ends, closing the bridge to both cars and pedestrians.
==Demolition==
The Maine Department of Transportation announced on February 14, 2012, that the
Demolition
[[File:Waldo-Hancock and Penobscot Narrows Bridges 2007 and 2013.jpg|thumb|center|650px|The Waldo-Hancock and Penobscot Narrows Bridges as viewed from the Penobscot Narrows Bridge Observatory in July
==Gallery==
<gallery widths="225px" heights="200px">
LOC historical image of Waldo-Hancock Bridge.tif|The Waldo–Hancock Bridge, Ft. Knox, and Bucksport,
Waldo-Hancock_Bridge,_Bucksport,_ME_1931-2006.jpg|The Waldo–Hancock Bridge as seen from the Waldo County approach looking toward [[Verona Island, Maine|Verona Island]] (2001)
Waldo-Hancock_and_Penobscot_Narrows_Bridges_from_Ft._Knox_July,_2007.jpg|The Waldo-Hancock and Penobscot Narrows Bridges from Ft. Knox (2007)
Waldo-Hancock_and_Penobscot_Narrows_Bridges_entering_Verona_Island_July,_2007.jpg|The Waldo-Hancock and Penobscot Narrows Bridges entering Verona Island viewed from the west tower observatory (2007)
Waldo-Hancock_and_Penobscot_Narrows_Bridges_entering_Verona_Island_July,_2007_(2).jpg|The Waldo-Hancock and Penobscot Narrows Bridges entering Verona Island viewed from below
Waldo-Hancock_and_Penobscot_Narrows_Bridges_entering_Verona_Island_July,_2007_(3).jpg|The Waldo-Hancock and Penobscot Narrows Bridges entering Verona Island viewed from below (2007)
</gallery>
==See also==
*[[List of bridges documented by the Historic American Engineering Record in Maine]]
==Further reading==
The following sources are referenced in the [[Historic American Engineering Record|HAER]] documentation
*{{Cite book |last=Jackson |first=Donald C. |date=1988 |title=Great American Bridges and Dams: A National Trust Guide |series=Great American Places Series |location=Washington,
*{{cite journal |last=Jakkula |first=Arne A. |date=1 July 1941 |title=A History of Suspension Bridges in Bibliographical Form |journal=Bulletin of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas |series=4th |volume=12 |issue=7 |page=327 |oclc=1926253}}
*{{Cite book |last=Plowden |first=David |date=1974
<!--
Survey number HAER ME-65
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==External links==
{{commons category|Waldo-Hancock Bridge}}
*{{
*[http://www.bridgemeister.com/pic.php?pid=20 Entry] at [http://bridgemeister.com Bridgemeister.com] (includes builders plate)
*[http://www.bridgemeister.com/pic.php?pid=172 Entry] at [http://bridgemeister.com Bridgemeister.com] (includes distance shots)
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*[http://enr.construction.com/news/transportation/archives/031110a.asp Recabling project] from [[McGraw Hill]] [[Engineering News Record]] site (effort ended up being a temporary stopgap)
*[http://www.waldohancockbridge.com/waldo-county-bridge Replacement project] at Maine DOT site
*{{HAER |survey=ME-65 |id=me0313 |title=Waldo–Hancock Bridge, Spanning Penobscot River at U.S. Route 1, Bucksport vicinity, Hancock, ME |photos=36 |data=15 |cap=5}}
{{National Register of Historic Places}}
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[[Category:U.S. Route 1]]
[[Category:Historic American Engineering Record in Maine]]
[[Category:Bridges
[[Category:Truss bridges in the United States]]
[[Category:Metal bridges in the United States]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Bucksport, Maine]]
[[Category:Former National Register of Historic Places in Maine]]
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