Vermont Republic: Difference between revisions

{{short description|RepublicUnrecognized republic in North America betweenfrom 1777 andto 1791}}

| conventional_long_name = State of Vermont Republic

| native_name = ''{{native name|fr|État du Vermont'' <small>([[French language|French]])</small>}}

| common_name = Vermont

| era = [[Early modern period]]

| government_type = [[Republic]]

| event_start = Independence

| year_start = 1777

| date_start = January 15,

| event_end = [[Admission to the Union]] with the [[United States]]

| year_end = 1791

| date_end = March 4,

| p1 = Province of New York{{!}}New York

| flag_p1 = Colonial-Red-Ensign.svg

| p2 = Province of New Hampshire{{!}}New Hampshire

| flag_p2 = Colonial-Red-Ensign.svg

| p3 = Province of Quebec (1763–1791){{!}}Quebec

| flag_p3 = Flag of Great Britain (1707–1800).svg

| p4 = New Hampshire Grants

|s1 flag_s1 = Flag of Vermont.svg

| image_flag =

|title_leader =today [[List of Governors = {{flagicon image|Flag of Vermont#.svg}}[[Vermont Republic|Governor]]

The delegates [[history of slavery in Vermont|forbade adult slavery]] within their republic, although the Vermont constitution continued to make allowances for the enslavement of men under the age of 1821 and women under the age of 2118. Many Vermonters took part in the [[American Revolution]] on the side of the Revolution, but the [[Continental Congress]] did not recognize the jurisdiction's independence of Vermont (then also known as the [[New Hampshire Grants]]) due to objections from New York, which had conflicting property claims.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00834)):|title=Journals of the Continental Congress --MONDAY, JUNE 30, 1777|website=memory.loc.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | first= Peter S. | last= Onuf | title= State-Making in Revolutionary America: Independent Vermont as a Case Study | journal= Journal of American History | year= 1981 | volume= 67 | issue= 4 | pages= 806–7 | jstor= 1888050| doi= 10.2307/1888050 }}</ref> Because ofIn objectionsa from New York, which had conflicting property claims, the Continental Congress declinedresponse to recognize Vermont (then also known as the [[New Hampshire Grants]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/hlaw:@field(DOCID+@lit(jc00834)):|title=Journals of the Continental Congress --MONDAYthis, JUNE 30, 1777|website=memory.loc.gov}}</ref> [[Haldimand Affair|members representing Vermont's overturesconducted negotiations]] to join the [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)|Province of Quebec]], which were accepted by the British, offeringwho offered generous terms for the republic's reunion. When the British surrendered at the [[Siege of Yorktown (1781)|Siege of Yorktown]] in 1781, however, American independence became apparent. Vermont, nowlater bordered on three sides by AmericanU.S. territory, ended negotiations with the BritishBritain and instead negotiated terms to become part of the United States.<ref>{{cite journal | first= S. F. | last= Bemis | title= Relations between the Vermont Separatists and Great Britain, 1789–1791 | journal= American Historical Review | year= 1916 | volume= 21 | issue= 3 | pages= 547–560 | doi= 10.1086/ahr/21.3.547 }}</ref>

The constitution and other official documents referred to the country as the "State of Vermont". The 1777 constitution refers to Vermont variously: the third paragraph of the preamble, for example, mentions "the State of Vermont", and in the preamble's last paragraph, the constitution refers to itself as "the Constitution of the Commonwealth".<ref name=voss>{{cite web | author= Vermont Office of the Secretary of State | date= 2012-03-26 | title= The Constitution of 1777 | publisher= The Vermont State Archives & Records Administration | access-date= 2012-05-18 | url= http://vermont-archives.org/govhistory/constitut/con77.htm | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120725151010/http://vermont-archives.org/govhistory/constitut/con77.htm | archive-date= 2012-07-25 | url-status= dead }}</ref> The currency used by the country, the [[Vermont copper]], hadcarried the [[Legend (numismatics)|legend]] at its coins that read {{lang|la|Vermontis. Res. Publica}}, which in [[Latin]] means: {{lang|la|Republic of Vermont}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinImages/VT-Copper/VT1-top.jpg|title=Vermont Coppers 1785, 1786: Introduction|access-date=2008-02-04|publisher=Coin and Currency Collections in the Department of Special Collections University of Notre Dame Libraries}}</ref>

Following controversy between the holders of the New York grants and the New Hampshire grants, [[Ethan Allen]] and his militia of "[[Green Mountain Boys]]" suppressed Loyalists.{{Explain|date=December 2021|reason=What is meant by suppressed? This needs a reference.}} On January 15, 1777, a convention of representatives from towns in the territory declared the region independent, choosing the name the Republic of New Connecticut (although it was sometimes known colloquially as the Republic of the Green Mountains).<ref>{{cite book |last= Van DeWater |first= Frederic F. |title= The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791 |orig-year=1941 |year= 1974 |publisher=The Countryman Press |page=182 |isbn=978-0-914378-02-0}}</ref> On June 2 of that year, the name was officially changed to "Vermont" (from the French, {{lang|fr|les verts monts}}, meaning the Green Mountains)<ref>{{cite book |last= Van DeWater |first= Frederic F. |title= The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791 |orig-year=1941 |year= 1974 |publisher=The Countryman Press |pages=195, 218–219 |isbn=978-0-914378-02-0}}</ref> upon the suggestion of [[Thomas Young (American revolutionary)|Dr. Thomas Young]],<ref>{{cite book |last= Allen |first= Ira |title= The Natural and Political History of Vermont |orig-year=1798 |year=1969 |location=Rutland, Vermont |publisher= C. E. Tuttle Co |page=59 |isbn= 978-0-8048-0419-6 }}</ref> a member of the [[Sons of Liberty]], a [[Boston Tea Party]] leader, and mentor to Ethan Allen.

The Vermont constitution was modeled after the radically democratic constitution of Pennsylvania on the suggestion of Dr. Young, who worked with [[Thomas Paine]] and others on that 1776 document in [[Philadelphia]].{{cn|date=January 2020}}

After a combined AngloBritish-[[Mohawk people|Mohawk]] force raided several Vermont settlements in the 1780 [[Royalton raid|Royalton Raid]], Ethan Allen led a group of Vermont politicians in [[Haldimand Affair|secret discussions]] with [[Frederick Haldimand]], the Governor General of the [[Province of Quebec (1763–1791)|Province of Quebec]], about returning Vermont to British rule.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.vermonthistory.org/freedom_and_unity/new_frontier/rev_tl.html |title= Revolutionary War Timeline |publisher= Vermont Historical Society}}</ref>

* [[{{annotated link |Republic of East Florida]]}}