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| image_flag = POL Mińsk Mazowiecki flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Mińsk Mazowiecki COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland Masovian Voivodeship#Poland
| pushpin_label_position = top
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_map_caption =
| coordinates = {{coord|52|11|N|21|34|E|region:PL_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = Poland{{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Masovian Voivodeship|name=Masovian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of Polish counties|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Mińsk County|Mińsk]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = Mińsk Mazowiecki <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Marcin Jakubowski
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| area_total_km2 = 13.12
| area_urban_km2 =
| population_as_of = 20152020
| population_total = 4021140999
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_urban_km2 =
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| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = WM
| website = http://www.minsk-maz.pl
}}
 
{{Commons category|Mińsk Mazowiecki}}
'''Mińsk Mazowiecki''' ({{IPAc-IPA|pl|AUDˈmij̃sk mazɔˈvjɛtskʲi|-|Pl-Mińsk Mazowiecki.ogg|'|m|J|i|ń|s|k|-|m|a|z|o|'|w|J|e|c|k|J|i}} "''Masovian Minsk''") is a town in eastern Poland with 40,211999 inhabitants (20152020). It is situated in the [[Masovian Voivodeship]] (sinceand 1999),is previouslya inpart of the [[SiedlceWarsaw Voivodeshipmetropolitan area]] (1975–1998). It is the capital of [[Mińsk County]]. Located 20 kilometers from the city limits of Warsaw and 38 kilometers from Warsaw's center.
 
==Name==
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==Location==
Mińsk Mazowiecki is located geographicallyhistorically in [[Souththe Podlasie]],region historically in Eastof [[Mazovia]] and administratively in the eastern part of [[Masovian Voivodeship]], {{convert|37|km|0|abbr=off}} east from [[Warsaw]]'s Center and {{convert|20|km|0|abbr=off}} from Warsaw's border.
 
==History==
==Timeline of history==
The first mention of a settlement with commercial function comes from the 14th century. On 29 May 1421, Duke [[Janusz I of Warsaw]] from the [[Piast dynasty]] granted Mińsk [[town privileges]]. The first wooden church was built in 1422, however, it was not preserved. In 1549, the town of Sendomierz was located on the other side of Srebrna River. In 1629, the present church was opened. In 1695, Sendomierz was merged with Mińsk. The 18th century was a time of gradual decline of Mińsk connected with gradual decline of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]].
*XIV century – first mentions of a settlement with commercial function
 
*1421, 29 May – Mińsk was granted [[town privileges]] by [[Janusz I of Warsaw]]
Following the [[Third Partition of Poland]], in 1795, the town was annexed by [[Habsburg monarchy|Austria]]. After the Polish victory in the [[Austro-Polish War]] of 1809, it became part of the short-lived Polish [[Duchy of Warsaw]]. After the duchy's dissolution, in 1815, it became part of [[Russian Partition|Russian-controlled]] [[Congress Poland]]. During the [[November Uprising]], it was the site of two battles between Polish insurgents and Russian troops, fought on 26 April and 14 July 1831.<ref>{{cite book|last=Dmowski|first=Rafał|editor-last=Skoczek|editor-first=Tadeusz|year=2015|title=Powstanie listopadowe 1830–1831. Dzieje – historiografia – pamięć|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Museum of Independence|Muzeum Niepodległości w Warszawie]]|page=267|chapter=Powstanie listopadowe na południowym Podlasiu i wschodnim Mazowszu w historiografii|isbn=978-83-62235-66-7}}</ref>
*1422 – first wooden church was built (not preserved)
 
*1549 – a second town Sendomierz, later merged with Mińsk, was located on the other side of Srebrna River
In 1866, the Mińsk County was established, and the first train arrived to Mińsk ([[Warsaw–Terespol Railway]]). In 1867, the name of the town was changed to Nowomińsk (''Novominsk''). In 1870, the Dernałowicz Family became the last owners of the town (up to the [[Second World War]]). In 1886, the first bookstore in east [[Mazovia]] was founded in the town.
*1629 – the present church opened
 
*1695 – Sendomierz joined to Mińsk
In 1910 or 1912, the Maria Grochowska's School was opened (present-day ''Polska Macierz Szkolna'' High School). In 1914, the old church was reopened after reconstruction, and the following year the present hospital was opened.
*XVIII century – gradual decline of Mińsk connected with gradual decline of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
 
*1795–1809 – under Austrian rule as a result of the [[Third Partition of Poland]]
[[File:Narcyz Witczak-Witaczyński - 7 Pułk Ułanów Lubelskich (107-738-64).jpg|thumb|left|Garrison of the [[7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment]] in 1935]]
*1809–1815 – in the [[Duchy of Warsaw]]
During [[World War I]], it was occupied by Germany from 1915 to 1918. In 1916, the town was renamed to ''Mińsk Mazowiecki''. In 1918, Poland regained independence and control of Mińsk. During the [[Polish–Soviet War]], it was briefly occupied by the Russians on 16 August 1920, and then recaptured by the Poles the next day.<ref name=ak>{{cite journal|last=Kowalski|first=Andrzej|year=1995|title=Miejsca pamięci związane z Bitwą Warszawską 1920 r.|journal=Niepodległość i Pamięć|language=pl|publisher=Muzeum Niepodległości w Warszawie|issue=2/2 (3)|page=142|issn=1427-1443}}</ref> On 18 August 1920 Marshal [[Józef Piłsudski]] stayed in the town.<ref name=ak/> In the interbellum, the town enjoyed great development, and in 1937 the first electric train arrived. The [[7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment]] was stationed in Mińsk Mazowiecki in the interbellum, and nowadays there is a museum dedicated to the unit in the town.
*1815–1916 – in the Congress Poland
 
*1866 – Mińsk county established, first train arrival ([[Warsaw–Terespol Railway]])
On 13 September 1939, it was the site of the Battle of Mińsk Mazowiecki between Poles led by General [[Władysław Anders]] and the invading German army. Afterwards it fell under [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|German occupation]]. In 1939, some [[Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany|expelled Poles]] from [[Barcin]], [[Kępno]], [[Ostrzeszów]], [[Rychtal]] and [[Szubin]] were deported to Mińsk Mazowiecki.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wardzyńska|first=Maria|year=2017|title=Wysiedlenia ludności polskiej z okupowanych ziem polskich włączonych do III Rzeszy w latach 1939-1945|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=[[Institute of National Remembrance|IPN]]|pages=178, 184|isbn=978-83-8098-174-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Graf|first=Władysław|year=1992|title=Ostrzeszów: obozy jenieckie okresu 1939–1940. Część 2|magazine=Zeszyty Ostrzeszowskie|language=pl|publisher=Ostrzeszowskie Centrum Kultury|issue=16|page=30}}</ref> In October 1940, the occupiers established the [[Mińsk Mazowiecki Ghetto]], which was eventually liquidated on 21 July 1942, with most of the Jewish residents murdered at the [[Treblinka extermination camp]] in one of the first episodes of [[the Holocaust]]. Two Poles who were held by the Germans in the local prison for [[Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust|rescuing Jews]] were liberated by the [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|Polish resistance]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Datner|first=Szymon|year=1968|title=Las sprawiedliwych|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Książka i Wiedza|page=100}}</ref> On 30 July 1944, Mińsk Mazowiecki was liberated by the Polish underground [[Home Army]] (prelude to the [[Warsaw Uprising]]), however, the Soviets occupied the town the next day. On 2–3 March 1945, the Soviets carried out executions of the local Polish elite, including Mayor Hipolit Konopka. After the war, the town was restored to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime, which stayed in power until the [[Fall of Communism]] in the 1980s.
*1867 – name of the town changed to Nowomińsk (''Novominsk'')
 
*1870 – Dernałowicz Family became the last owners of the city (up to the [[Second World War]])
[[File:ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki, 1974.jpg|thumb|[[ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki]] between 1954 and 1974]]
*1886 – first bookstore in east [[Mazovia]]
In 1952, the [[ZNTK Mińsk Mazowiecki]] train construction factory was founded. In 1957, Mińsk Mazowiecki became a military garrison. A new train station was opened in 1979. [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] events took place in 1985. In 1990, Zbigniew Grzesiak was elected Mayor in first post-WWII free elections. In 1999, the Mińsk County was established.
*XX century – found of famous manufacture
*1912 (or 1910) – start of Maria Grochowska's School, today this is ''Polska Macierz Szkolna'''s High School
*1914 – old church opened after reconstruction
*1915 – present hospital opened
*1915 to 1918, 11 November – German occupation during [[World War I]]
*1916 – name's change (Novominsk > Mińsk Mazowiecki)
*1920 – briefly occupied by Russians before the [[Battle of Warsaw (1920)|Battle of Warsaw]] during the [[Polish-Bolshevik War]]
*1920–1939 – great development
**1937 – first electric train arrived
*1939–1944 – second German occupation ([[World War II]])
**1939, 12 September – German entry
**1939, 13 September – battle for Mińsk Mazowiecki (led by gen. [[Władysław Anders]])
**1942, 21 July – liquidation of Mińsk Mazowiecki ghetto. Most of the Jewish residents were murdered at the Treblinka death camp (one of the first episodes of [[The Holocaust]])
**1944, 30 July – liberation by [[Armia Krajowa]] (prelude to [[Warsaw Uprising]])
*1944, 30–31 July – Soviet liberation
*1945, 2–3 March – Soviet killed Mińsk's elite (with Mayor Hipolit Konopka)
*1952 – trains manufacture
*1957 – military garrison
*1979 – new train station
*1985 – [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]] events
*1990 – first Mayor elected in free elections (since elections before Second World War): Zbigniew Grzesiak
*1999 – Mińsk County established
 
===Jewish history===
[[File:Minsk Mazowiecki, Poland -Treblinka panoramio (69).JPGjpg|thumb|right|280pxupright|Mińsk'sMemorial stoneto inthe [[Treblinkalocal exterminationHolocaust camp]]victims]]
In 1768, the restrictions on permanent residence for Jewish people in Mińsk had been lifted.<ref>[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/article/minsk-mazowiecki/5,history/ Mińsk Mazowiecki: The beginning of the Jewish settlement.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083356/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/article/minsk-mazowiecki/5,history/ |date=4 March 2016 }} Museum of the History of Polish Jews, [[Virtual Shtetl]].</ref> From the 19th century to the 1930s, it became very popular. Before the [[Second World War]], there were thousands of Jews living in Mińsk, and they had a general synagogue and smaller temples. The Novominsk hasidic dynasty was founded here in the late 19th century by Rabbi Yaakov Perlow, a descendant of the Baal Shem Tov.
 
Soon after the war began, the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] created the [[Mińsk Ghetto]]. It was liquidated on 21 July 1942. Most of the Jews were murdered in [[Treblinka extermination camp]] sent in [[Holocaust trains]] by the thousands. The remaining Jewish population were murdered in Mińsk on 10 January 1943 (500 people) and 5 June (the last 150 people).
 
==Monuments==
{{multiple image |align=right |caption_align=center |total_width=380 |header=Historic churches in Mińsk Mazowiecki
[[File:POL Mińsk Maz 1.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Old Church]]
| image1=Mińsk Mazowiecki kościół front 2012.jpg
| image2=Mińsk Mazowiecki kościół Mariawitów 2012.jpg
| caption1=Church of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary
| caption2=[[Mariavite Church]]
}}
*layout of medieval settlement and later city
*Palace of Doria Dernałowicz Family – built probably in the 17th century (in place of 16th century residence), converted to [[classicism]]
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Industry:
* [[ZNTK "Mińsk Mazowiecki"]] (since 2008 a subsidiary [[PESA SA]]) – maintenance and repair of railway rolling stock
* Fabryka Urządzeń Dźwigowych – production of cranes and other heavy machinery
* cotton products
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==Education==
[[File:07M-SchoolofArt.JPG|thumb|Art school]]
[[File:Gymnasium (middle school) of Janusz Kusociński in Mińsk Mazowiecki 2007 P01.jpg|thumb|right|290px|Gymnasium nr 3]]
*''Józef Majka'' College of Social Science (catholic)
*''Stanisław Staszic'' Lifelong Learning Center
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==Safety==
*Police DepartamentDepartment of [[Mińsk County]] – 2 building in Mińsk, dozens of cars (including sport cars and off-road cars)
*Fire DepartamentDepartment of Mińsk County – quite new fire engines (well equipped after big fire in industry area a few years ago)
*Public Hospital of Mińsk County
 
==Culture and sports==
[[File:Pałac Dernałowiczów.jpg|thumb|280px|Dernałowicz Palace, now housing the Culture Center]]
[[File:Muzeum 7. Pułku Ułanów Lubelskich (Minsk Mazowiecki).jpg|thumb|Museum of the [[7th Lublin Uhlan Regiment]]]]
[[File:Miejska Biblioteka Publiczna w Mińsku Mazowieckim widok od strony północnej - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Municipal Public Library]]
Culture:
*House of Culture
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Sport:
*Miejski Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji (public sport and recreation departamentdepartment)
**2 stadiums
**Ice rink
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*Jacques Kalisz, architect in France
*[[Stanislav Redens]], secret police officer in the Soviet Union
*Hermann Birnbach, subject of a ''[[Stolperstein]]'' in Nordhausen
*[[Marek Piotrowski]], World Champion in [[Kickboxing]]
*[[Rafał Jackiewicz]], boxer
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* Web page: [http://minskmaz.com/multimedia/wirtualne_wycieczki.html virtual tour. Panoramas.]
* [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ptOAbc7Mij0 Jewish cemetery]
* [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XRF_trkywJc Jewish cemetery]
* [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=nnmpNi5FF5o Historical placards]
* {{JewishGen-LocalityPage|516724|Mińsk Mazowiecki, Poland}}
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{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Minsk Mazowiecki}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Masovian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Mińsk County]]
[[Category:MasovianPopulated Voivodeshipriverside (1526–1795)places in Poland]]
[[Category:Warsaw Governorate]]
[[Category:Warsaw Voivodeship (1919–1939)]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mińsk_Mazowiecki"