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[[File:Maria Sharapova, 2008 Family Circle Cup.JPG|thumb|[[Maria Sharapova]] during the [[2008 Family Circle Cup]] played on green clay]]
Green clay, also known by brand names such as ''Har-Tru'' and ''Rubico'', is made of crushed [[metabasalt]] rather than brick,<ref name="Har-Tru Green Clay">{{cite web|title=Har-Tru Classic Green Clay|url=https://hartru.com/pages/har-tru-green|website=Har-Tru|publisher=Har-Tru LLC|access-date=25 April 2017|archive-date=25 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170425114032/https://hartru.com/pages/har-tru-green|url-status=live}}</ref> making the surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. These courts are located primarily in the mid-Atlantic and southern United States. They are also found in Central and Eastern Canada. There is one [[Women's Tennis Association|WTA]] tournament played on green Har-Tru clay courts, the [[Charleston Open]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. From 1975 until 1977, the [[US Open (tennis)|US Open]] was played on Har-Tru clay courts.<ref>{{
The [[US Men's Clay Court Championships]] are played on clay that has a maroon color. Not only is this a darker color than other clay courts used in the professional game, but it is also a type of Har-Tru court, meaning it is actually composed of the same substance (basalt) as green clay courts, and not a type of red clay.{{fact|date=August 2023}}
==Play==
Clay courts are considered "slow" because the balls bounce relatively high and lose much of their initial speed when contacting the surface, making it more difficult for a player to deliver an unreturnable shot. [[Point (tennis)|Points]] are usually longer as there are fewer [[winner (tennis)|winners]]. Clay courts favor [[baseliner]]s who are consistent and have a strong defensive game, leading to players such as [[Rafael Nadal]], [[Björn Borg]], [[Chris Evert]], and [[Justine Henin]]
Movement on the loose surface is very different from movement on any other surface, often involving sliding toward the incoming ball while preparing for the return stroke.{{fact|date=August 2023}}
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In the pre-open era [[Anthony Wilding]] is particularly notable for his achievements on clay courts. Starting in May 1910 at the [[South African Open (tennis)|Championship of South Africa]] and ending in June 1914 at the [[World Hard Court Championships]] he registered 120 consecutive clay court match victories.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ilic |first1=Jovica |title=May 9, 1915 - Tennis ace Anthony Wilding loses his life in the World War I |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/43220/may-9-1915-tennis-ace-anthony-wilding-loses-his-life-in-the-world-war-i/ |website=Tennis World USA |publisher=Coppini Trading (Pty) LTD |access-date=6 September 2022 |language=en |date=10 May 2017 |archive-date=17 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817190300/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/ATP_Tennis/43220/may-9-1915-tennis-ace-anthony-wilding-loses-his-life-in-the-world-war-i/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[Rafael Nadal at the French Open|Rafael Nadal, winner of a record 14 French Open men's singles titles]], is noted for his success on clay; since his debut in 2005, he has only lost four times at the tournament – in [[2009 French Open|2009]], [[2015 French Open|2015]], [[2021 French Open|2021]] and [[2024 French Open|2024]]. Nadal holds the record for the longest [[ATP World Tour records#Winning streaks|winning streak]] by any male player on a single surface since the [[Open Era]] began in 1968: 81 clay court wins between April 2005 and May 2007. He also holds the record for most clay court titles in the Open Era, with 63.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/barcelona-2018-final-nadal-tsitsipas|title=Rafa Romps To 11th Barcelona Title|publisher=ATP World Tour|access-date=29 April 2018|language=en|archive-date=30 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180430045438/https://www.atpworldtour.com/en/news/barcelona-2018-final-nadal-tsitsipas|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Guillermo Vilas]] won 49 of his 62 singles titles on clay. He only won a single French Open title, although he also won the US Open in 1977 while it was held on clay. [[Thomas Muster]] is also considered a successful clay court player; although he also only won the French Open once, 40 out of his 44 career singles titles were won on clay.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gatto |first=Luigi |date=2016-12-04 |title=Thomas Muster: 'There is only one king of Clay, and that is...' |url=https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Rafael_Nadal/38766/thomas-muster-there-is-only-one-king-of-clay-and-that-is-/ |access-date=2023-09-11 |website=Tennis World USA |language=en |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925183600/https://www.tennisworldusa.org/tennis/news/Rafael_Nadal/38766/thomas-muster-there-is-only-one-king-of-clay-and-that-is-/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
On the women's side, [[Monica Seles]], [[Justine Henin]] and [[
Chris Evert holds the record for longest winning streak on clay for either gender in the open era: from August 1973 to May 1979, she won 125 consecutive clay court matches. During this time, Evert skipped three editions of the French Open (1976–78), to participate in [[World Team Tennis]]. She also has the highest career win percentage on clay courts (94.55%) during the open era.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tignor |first=Steve |date=2017-05-25 |title=Who's the greatest clay-courter of them all—Chris Evert or Rafa Nadal? |url=https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/who-s-the-greatest-clay-courter-of-them-all-chris-evert-or-rafa-nadal |access-date=2023-09-09 |website=Tennis.com |language=en |archive-date=4 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904111225/https://www.tennis.com/news/articles/who-s-the-greatest-clay-courter-of-them-all-chris-evert-or-rafa-nadal |url-status=live }}</ref>
The most successful currently active female player on clay is [[Iga Świątek]], who won the French Open in [[2020 French Open – Women's singles|2020]], [[2022 French Open – Women's singles|2022]]
===Clay-court specialist===
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Due in part to advances in racquet technology, current clay-court specialists are known for employing long, winding groundstrokes that generate heavy topspin; such strokes are less effective on faster surfaces on which the balls do not bounce as high. Clay-court specialists tend to slide more effectively on clay than other players. Many of them are also very adept at hitting the [[drop shot]], which can be effective because rallies on clay courts often leave players pushed far beyond the baseline. Additionally, the slow, long rallies require a great degree of mental focus and physical stamina.{{fact|date=August 2023}}
The definition of "clay-court specialist" has varied. Anthony Wilding, [[Sergi Bruguera]], [[Albert Costa]] and [[Gastón Gaudio]] were French Open champions who won all or nearly all of their career titles on clay. [[Andrés Gimeno]], [[Adriano Panatta]], [[Manuel Orantes]], [[Yannick Noah]], [[Michael Chang]], Thomas Muster, [[Gustavo Kuerten]], [[Carlos Moyá]] and [[Juan Carlos Ferrero]] won major titles only on clay, but won lower tournaments, including Masters Series events, on other surfaces. Among female players, there have been few whose best results were confined exclusively to clay. [[Virginia Ruzici]], [[Anastasia Myskina]], [[Iva Majoli]], [[Sue Barker]], [[Ana Ivanovic]], [[Francesca Schiavone]]
Increasingly, clay courters have attempted to play better on other surfaces,<ref>{{cite news |last= Ford |first= Bonnie D |title= Nadal the lead warrior in Spanish surge on grass |work= ESPN |date= 27 June 2008 |url= http://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon08/columns/story?columnist=ford_bonnie_d&id=3463241 |access-date= 10 July 2008 |archive-date= 21 September 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170921000608/http://www.espn.com/sports/tennis/wimbledon08/columns/story?columnist=ford_bonnie_d&id=3463241 |url-status= live }}</ref> with some success.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Van Sias|title=Clay-court specialists not so special anymore|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/story/2012-04-16/weekly-net-post-demise-of-the-clay-court-specialist/54319198/1|work=[[USA Today]]|date=16 April 2012|access-date=29 January 2016|archive-date=6 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206134429/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/sports/tennis/story/2012-04-16/weekly-net-post-demise-of-the-clay-court-specialist/54319198/1|url-status=live}}</ref> Ferrero reached the final of the US Open in [[2003 US Open – Men's Singles|2003]],<ref>{{cite news |title= Ferrero shatters Agassi hopes |work= BBC Sport |date= 27 June 2008 |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/us_open_2003/3087014.stm |access-date= 10 July 2008 |archive-date= 31 May 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110531194423/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/us_open_2003/3087014.stm |url-status= live }}</ref> the same year he won the [[2003 French Open – Men's Singles|French Open]], and also won several hardcourt tournaments.<ref>{{cite news |title= Ferrero claims Madrid title |work= BBC Sport |date= 19 October 2002 |url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/3205848.stm |access-date= 10 July 2008 |archive-date= 27 March 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120327095428/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/tennis/3205848.stm |url-status= live }}</ref> Nadal was considered a clay court specialist until a string of successes on other surfaces—including completing a [[Grand Slam (tennis)#Career Grand Slam|Double Career Grand Slam]] and a [[Grand Slam (tennis)#Career Golden Slam|Career Golden Slam]]—led to a broadening of his reputation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-10/us-open-final-nadal-v-djokovic/4947782 |title=US Open: Rafael Nadal beats Novak Djokovic in four-set final to win his second Open title |last=McGarry |first=Andrew |work=[[ABC News (Australia)|ABC News]] |date=10 September 2013 |access-date=29 May 2019 |archive-date=31 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031163125/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-09-10/us-open-final-nadal-v-djokovic/4947782 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[2016 French Open – Women's Singles|2016 French Open]] winner [[Garbiñe Muguruza]] reached the [[2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles|2015 Wimbledon]] final and won the [[2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles|2017 Wimbledon]] title.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2015-07-09/magical_muguruza_into_first_major_final.html|title=Magical Muguruza into first major final|work=Wimbledon.com|first=Matt|last=Trollope|date=9 July 2015|access-date=19 January 2017|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202012118/http://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/news/articles/2015-07-09/magical_muguruza_into_first_major_final.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
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|-
| Week 1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Grand Prix Hassan II]] ([[Marrakesh]], [[Morocco]])<br />[[U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships]] ([[Houston]], [[United States]])
| bgcolor=#D4F1C5 style="text-align:center;" | [[Charleston Open]] ([[Charleston, South Carolina]], United States)
|-
| Week 2
| bgcolor=#E9E9E9 style="text-align:center;"| [[Monte-Carlo Masters]] ([[Roquebrune-Cap-Martin]], [[France]])
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Copa Colsanitas]] ([[Bogotá]], [[Colombia]])<br />[[Ladies Open Lugano]] ([[Lugano]], [[Switzerland]])
|-
| rowspan="2" | Week 3
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|-
| Week 4
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Bavarian International Tennis Championships]] ([[Munich]], Germany)<br />[[Estoril Open (tennis)|Estoril Open]] ([[Cascais]], [[Portugal]])
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Morocco Open]] ([[Rabat]], Morocco)<br />[[WTA Prague Open|J&T Banka Prague Open]] ([[Prague]], [[Czech Republic]])
|-
| Week 5
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|-
| Week 7
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Geneva Open]] ([[Geneva]], Switzerland)<br />[[Lyon Open (ATP)|Lyon Open]] ([[Lyon]], France)
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Internationaux de Strasbourg]] ([[Strasbourg]], France)
|-
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|-
| Week 1
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Swedish Open]] ([[Båstad]], [[Sweden]])<br />[[Croatia Open]] ([[Umag]], [[Croatia]])
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Bucharest Open]] ([[Bucharest]], [[Romania]])<br />[[WTA Swiss Open|Swiss Open]] ([[Lausanne]], Switzerland)
|-
| rowspan="2" | Week 2
| bgcolor=#D4F1C5 style="text-align:center;" | [[German Open Tennis Championships]] ([[Hamburg]], Germany)
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | [[Baltic Open]] ([[Jūrmala]], [[Latvia]])<br />[[Internazionali Femminili di Palermo]] ([[Palermo]], Italy)
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | [[Swiss Open (tennis)|Swiss Open]] ([[Gstaad]], Switzerland)
| |||