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|image_map = France 1154-fr.svg
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|image_map_caption = Map of France in 1154. The pink area in lower France under [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] and her husband [[Henry II of England]].
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|p2=Umayyad Caliphate|p3=Francia}}
The '''Duchy of Aquitaine''' ({{lang-oc|Ducat d'Aquitània}}, {{IPA-oc|dyˈkad dakiˈtaɲɔ|IPA}}; {{lang-fr|Duché d'Aquitaine}}, {{IPA
The territory originated in the 7th century as a duchy of [[Francia]], ultimately a recreation of the Roman provinces of {{lang|la|[[Gallia Aquitania|Aquitania Prima and Secunda]]}}. As a duchy, it broke up after the conquest of the independent Aquitanian duchy of [[Waiofar]], going on to become a sub-kingdom within the [[Carolingian Empire]]. It was then absorbed by [[West Francia]] after the [[partition of Verdun]] in 843 and soon reappeared as a duchy under it. In 1153, an enlarged Aquitaine pledged loyalty to the [[Angevin kings of England]]. As a result, a [[Capetian-Plantagenet rivalry|rivalry]] emerged between the [[Capetian Dynasty|French monarchs]] and the Angevins over control of the latter's territorial possessions in France. By the mid-13th century, only an enlarged [[Guyenne]] and [[Gascony]] remained in Angevin hands. The [[Hundred Years' War]] finally saw the [[kingdom of France]] gain full control over Aquitaine in the 1450s, with much of its territory directly incorporated into the [[French royal domain]] itself.
==History==
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===Early history===
[[File:Vasconia wide 740 3 - 80.jpg|thumb|280px|Aquitaine after the [[Battle of Tours|Battle of Poitiers]] (734–743)]]
[[Gallia Aquitania]] fell under [[Visigothic]] rule in the 5th century. It was conquered by the [[Franks]] under [[Clovis I]] in 507, as a result of the [[Battle of Vouillé]]. During the 6th and early 7th century, it was under direct rule of Frankish kings, divided between the realms of [[Childebert II]] and [[Guntram]] in the [[Treaty of Andelot]] of 587. Under [[Chlothar II]], Aquitaine was again an integral part of Francia, but after Chlothar's death in 629, his heir [[Dagobert I]] granted a subkingdom in southern Aquitaine to his younger brother [[Charibert II]]. This subkingdom, consisting of Gascony and the southern fringe of Aquitaine proper, is conventionally known as "Aquitaine" and forms the historical basis for the later duchy.
Charibert campaigned successfully against the [[Duchy of Vasconia|Basques]], but after his death in 632, they revolted again, in 635 subdued by an army sent by Dagobert (who was at the same time forced to deal with a rebellion in Brittany).
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However, Charles Martel coveted the southern realm, crossed the Loire in 731 and looted much of Aquitaine. Odo engaged the Franks in battle, but lost and came out weakened. Soon after this battle, in 732, the Moors raided Vasconia and Aquitaine as far north as [[Poitiers]] and defeated Odo twice near [[Bordeaux]]. Odo saw no option but to invoke the aid of Charles Martel and pledge allegiance to the Frankish prince.
Odo was succeeded by his son Hunald, who reverted to former independence, so defying the Frankish [[Mayor of the Palace]] Charles Martel's authority.
As a successor state to the Roman province of Gallia Aquitania and the [[Visigothic Kingdom]] (418–721), [[Occitania|Aquitania]] (Aquitaine) and [[Languedoc]] ([[Counts of Toulouse|Toulouse]]) inherited the Visigothic Law and [[Roman Law]] which had combined to allow women more rights than their contemporaries in other parts of Europe. Particularly with the [[Visigothic Code|Liber Judiciorum]], which was codified in 642 and 643 and expanded in the Code of Recceswinth in 653, women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations, dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs, and women could represent themselves and bear witness in court by age 14 and arrange for their own marriages by age 20.<ref name="Visgothic Women">Wemple, Suzanne Fonay; ''Women in the Fifth to the Tenth Century''. In: Klapisch-Zuber, Christine; ''A History of Women: Book II. Silences of the Middle Ages'', The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, London, England. 1992, 2000 (5th printing). Chapter 6, p 74.</ref> As a consequence, male-preference [[primogeniture]] was the practiced succession law for the nobility.
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