Ivano-Frankivsk: Difference between revisions

'''Ivano-Frankivsk''' ({{lang-uk|Івано-Франківськ}}, {{IPA-|uk|iˈwɑno frɐnˈkiu̯sʲk|IPA|Uk-Івано-Франківськ.oga}}), formerly '''Stanyslaviv''', '''Stanislav''' and '''Stanisławów''',{{efn|{{lang-uk|Станиславів, Станіслав}}; {{lang-pl|Stanisławów}}, {{IPA-|pl|staɲiˈswavuf|pron}}; {{lang-de|Stanislau}}}}<ref name="britannica">{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ivano-Frankivsk-Ukraine|title=Ivano-Frankivsk|website=britannica.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/0,1518,671561-4,00.html The Sad End of the Orange Revolution], [[Der Spiegel]] (14 January 2010)</ref> is a city in western [[Ukraine]].<ref name="SBEDIF">{{cite web|url=http://www.sbedif.if.ua/city/src/city.en.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000416133420/http://www.sbedif.if.ua/city/src/city.en.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 16, 2000 |title=The City of Ivano-Frankivsk |work=sbedif.if.ua |access-date=March 7, 2010 }}</ref> It serves as the [[administrative centre]] of [[Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast]] as well as [[Ivano-Frankivsk Raion]] within the oblast. Ivano-Frankivsk also hosts the administration of [[Ivano-Frankivsk urban hromada]].<ref name="admreform_2020_ivanofrankivsk">{{cite web |title=Ивано-Франковская городская громада |url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/ivanofrankivska/ |publisher=Портал об'єднаних громад України |language=ru}}</ref> Its population is {{Ua-pop-est2022|238196|.}}

The town was founded as a fortress known as ''Stanisławów'' where it was named after the Polish [[hetman]] [[Stanisław "Rewera" Potocki]].<ref name="SBEDIF2">{{cite web |url=http://www.sbedif.if.ua/city/src/city.en.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000416133420/http://www.sbedif.if.ua/city/src/city.en.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 16, 2000 |title=The City of Ivano-Frankivsk |work=sbedif.if.ua |access-date=March 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>Sadok Barącz "Pamiątki miasta Stanisławowa", Lwów 1858, s. 11.</ref> Some sources claim it was named after his grandson [[Stanisław Potocki (1659-1683)|Stanisław]].<ref name="nazarpanchyshyn.wordpress.com">{{cite web |url=https://nazarpanchyshyn.wordpress.com/2009/08/12/%d1%96%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d1%96%d1%8f-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0/ |title=Історія Станіславова |date=12 August 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803231904/https://nazarpanchyshyn.wordpress.com/2009/08/12/%d1%96%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d1%96%d1%8f-%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%96%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b0/ |archive-date=3 August 2016}}</ref> Following the [[First Partition of Poland]] in 1772, the name was transliterated as ''Stanislau'' in German, as the city became part of the [[Austrian Empire]], and later [[Austria-Hungary]]; however, after the [[Revolutions of 1848]], the city carried three different linguistic renderings of its name: German, Polish, and [[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]] ({{lang-de|Stanislau}}, {{IPA-|de|ˈʃtaːnɪslaʊ|pron}}; {{lang-pl|Stanisławów}}, {{IPA-|pl|staɲiˈswavuf|pron}}; {{lang-uk|Станісла́вів}} ''Stanislaviv'', {{IPA-|uk|stɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈslɑwiu̯|pron}}, or {{lang|uk|Станиславiв}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.credit-rating.ua/img/st_img/Press-release/Ivano-Frankovsk%20pasport/ifran2017.pdf#page=5 |script-title=uk:ІВАНО-ФРАНКІВСЬК: ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИЙ ПАСПОРТ 2017 |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Credit-Rating |location=Kiev |language=uk |access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> ''Stanyslaviv'', {{IPA-|uk|stɐnɪˈslɑwiu̯|pron}}). Other spellings used in the local press media included {{lang-ru|Станиславов}} ''Stanislavov'' and {{lang-yi|סטאַניסלאוו}}.

After [[World War II]] it was changed by the [[Revision of borders of Poland (1945)|Soviet authorities]] into a simplified version Stanislav ({{lang-uk|Станісла́в|links=no}}, {{IPA-|uk|stɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈslɑu̯|pron}}; {{lang-ru|Станисла́в|links=no}}, {{IPA-|ru|stənʲɪˈslaf|pron}}). In 1962, to honor the Ukrainian writer [[Ivan Franko]] on the city's 300th anniversary, it was renamed ''Ivano-Frankivsk'' ({{lang-uk|Івано-Франківськ}}) or ''Ivano-Frankovsk'' ({{lang-ru|Ивано-Франковск}}). It is sometimes colloquially called ''' Franyk''' ({{lang|uk|Франик}})<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://franuk.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101219211420/http://franuk.com/|url-status=dead|title=Franuk.com - Портал Прикарпаття {{!}} м. Івано-Франківськ|archive-date=19 December 2010|website=franuk.com|access-date=11 March 2023}}</ref>{{Verify source|date=September 2022}} by its residents.

The town of Stanisławów was founded as a fortress in order to protect the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] from [[List of Mongol and Tatar attacks in Europe|Tatar invasions]] and to defend the multi-ethnic population of the region in case of armed conflicts such as the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] of 1648. The fort was originally built next to [[Zabolotiv]] village (known since 1435),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.castles.com.ua/stanislawow.html |script-title=uk:Замки і храми України |publisher=Castles.com |language=uk}}</ref> and Knyahynyn (1449).<ref name="nazarpanchyshyn.wordpress.com" /> The village of Zabolotiv and the land around it were purchased by [[Andrzej Potocki]] from another [[Szlachta|Polish nobleman]], Rzeczkowski. Stanisławów was issued by Potocki and his declaration establishing the city with [[Magdeburg rights]] on 7 May 7, 1662; but the city and its rights, however, were not recognized by the Polish Crown until 14 August 14, 1663, when [[John II Casimir Vasa|John Casimir]] had finally approved it. By 1672, the fortress had been rebuilt from wood to stone, brick, and mortar. Also a new large fortified Potocki palace was erected in the place of an older wood structure. Today this building serves as the [[military hospital]]. In the same year Jews were granted the right to become permanent residents, who could work, conduct commerce and travel in and out of the city as they pleased.<ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/pinkas_poland/pol2_00360.html Jewish Genealogy] – The Jewish Settlement from its Inception until 1772.</ref>

In October 1918, the Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic|Western Ukrainian People's Republic]] (ZUNR) was proclaimed.<ref>[http://www.torugg.org/History/history_of_galicia.html Toronto Ukrainian Genealogy Group] – History of Galicia</ref> In the early months of 1919 (from January to May) the city became a temporary capital of the [[West Ukrainian People's Republic|West Ukrainian National Republic]], while still recovering from [[World War I]]. All state affairs took place in the building of ''Dnister Hotel'' where the [[Act Zluky]] (Unification Act) was composed and signed on 22 January 22, 1919 by the [[Ukrainian People's Republic]].<ref name="Yanyspeech">[http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/95353/ Yanukovych condemns attempts to undermine unity], [[Kyiv Post]] (21 January 2011) {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110124113911/http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/95353/ |date=January 24, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.opinion-times.com/okran2.php |title=The Day of Unity |publisher=opinion-times.com }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The same year it was subjected to the Polish–Ukrainian and the Romanian-Ukrainian skirmishes eventually being annexed by Poland as part of the [[Second Polish Republic]] as the centre of the [[Stanisławów Voivodeship]]. [[Romanian occupation of Pokuttya|It was occupied]] by the [[Romania]]n army for the summer months from May 25 throughMay Augustto 21, August 1919. During the [[Polish–Soviet War]] in 1920, the [[Red Army]] took over the city for a brief period. After the Soviet retreat, Ukrainian troops loyal to [[Symon Petliura|Symon Petlura]] occupied the city for a few days. At this period of history the city was in complete disorder.<ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/pinkas_poland/pol2_00364.html#part3 Jewish Genealogy] – Between the Two World Wars</ref> It then became part of Poland until the start of World War II.

In the 1939 [[invasion of Poland]] by [[Nazi Germany|German]] and [[Red Army|Soviet forces]], the territory was captured by the [[Soviet Union|Soviets]] in September 1939 and annexed to the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]]. Between September 1939 and June 1941, the Soviet regime ordered thousands of inhabitants of the city to leave their houses and move to [[Siberia]], where most of them perished. Numerous people were taken out of the city prison and simply shot outside of the city when Soviet forces were leaving it in 1941. Ivano-Frankivsk was occupied by German forces from 2 July 2, 1941 to 27 July 27, 1944. There were more than 40,000 Jews in Stanisławów when it was occupied by the Nazi GermanyNazis on 26 July 26, 1941. The [[Stanisławów Ghetto]] was formed. During the occupation (1941–44), more than 600 educated Poles and most of the city's Jewish population were murdered.<ref name="yadvashem">[http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%202292.pdf yadvashem.org]</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Carmi |first1=Krystyna |title=The strange ways of providence in my life |date=2015 |publisher=CreateSpace |location=North Charleston, SC, USA |isbn=978-1507811467 |page=105}}</ref>

* August 1944 – November 9, November 1962: Stanislav,

* November 9, November 1962: renamed as Ivano-Frankivsk, oblast seat, [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]],

As is the case with most of Ukraine, the climate is moderate [[Continental climate|continental]] with warm summers, and fairly cold winters. The following climate data provided is for the past 62 years. The average number of days with precipitation is 170 spread almost equally throughout a year. Most precipitation takes place during the winter months and least –in early fallautumn. Thunderstorms occur mostly in summer months averaging around 25 annually.<ref name="weatherbase" /> Ivano-Frankivsk averages about 296 days of fog or misty days with about 24 per month.<ref name="weatherbase" />

| Mar record high C = 26.08

| Jun record high C = 34.29

! colspan="7" style="background: #CCCCFF;" |Ethnic composition of the population in 1959—2001&nbsp;<ref name="cityrada">{{Cite web |url=http://www.if.gov.ua/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=7080 |title=Національний склад населення Івано-Франківської міськради |lang=uk|trans-title=About the national composition of the population of Ivano-Frankivsk region|accessdate=2 January 2010 |archive-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524065718/http://www.if.gov.ua/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=7080 }}</ref><ref name=ethnic>{{Cite web |url=http://geograf.lnu.edu.ua/Publik/Period/visn/39/025_Lozynskyy.pdf |title=Р. Лозинський — Етнічний склад населення Івано Франківська у другій половині XX ст. (історико-географічний аналіз) |accessdate=5 July 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113153034/http://geograf.lnu.edu.ua/Publik/Period/visn/39/025_Lozynskyy.pdf |archivedate=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* [[Independence Street (Ivano-Frankivsk)|Independence Street]] (vulytsyavulytsia Nezalezhnosti) / TysmenytsyaTysmenytsia Road (doroha Tysmenetska)

* Halych Road (vulytsyavulytsia Halytska)

* Hetman Mazepa Street (vulytsyavulytsia Hetmana Mazepy) / Krykhivtsi Road (doroha Krykhivetska)

* Yevhen Konovalets Road (vulytsyavulytsia Yevhena KonovaltsyaKonovaltsia)

* Vovchynets Street (vulytsyavulytsia Vovchynetska)

* Vasyl Stefanyk Shore Drive (naberezhna VasylyaVasylia Stefanyka)

* SheptytskySheptytskyi Square

The city has over 25 public schools of general education for grades 1 through 11, including the [[Ukrainian gymnasium No. 1]]. There are also some privately owned schools and lyceums. In addition, the city has several professional public institutes.

There are also numerous [[sports school]]s: Fitness Sport Association "Ukraine" – 5 schools, MVK – 3 schools, Fitness Sport Association "Spartak" – 2 schools, Fitness Sport Association "Kolos" – 1 school, and the others.

The city has six universities, the Ivano-Frankivsk Institute of Management that is a local campus of [[Ternopil National Economic University]], and the Ivano-Frankivsk Institute of Management and Economics "Halytska Akademia". All of those universitieswhich are state funded.

===National landmarksArchitecture===

* the Armenian church (presently used by one of the [[History of Christianity in Ukraine|Ukrainian Orthodox Churches]])., built 1743-1763 in Baroque style

===ArchitectureMonuments===

* «KolyadaKoliada na MayzlyakhMaizliakh» Christmas Festival

* «BurakPrykarpattia Honey Fest» Festival of Street Food

* «Stanislavska MarmuladaMarmuliada»

Ivano-Frankivsk is also the hometown of Ukrainian gymnasts; one of them is [[Dariya Zgoba]] who won gold on the uneven bars in the 2007 European Championships and became a finalist on the Beijing Olympics; the other one is [[Yana Demyanchuk]], who won gold on the [[balance beam]] at the 2009 European Championships.

* ''"Halychyna"'' – regional television<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.galtv.if.ua/|title=Офіційний веб-сайт обласного телебачення "Галичина": Головна сторінка|work=galtv.if.ua}}</ref>