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{{Short description|
[[File:ShakeMap for 2001 M6.8 Olympia, WA earthquake.jpg|right|thumb|200px|ShakeMap for the [[2001 Nisqually earthquake]]]]
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As seismic instruments (and accelerometers in particular) become more common, it becomes necessary to correlate expected damage with instrument-readings. The old Modified [[Mercalli intensity scale]] (MM), a relic of the pre-instrument days, remains useful in the sense that each intensity-level provides an observable difference in seismic damage.
After many years of trying every possible manipulation of accelerometer-time histories, it turns out that the extremely simple peak ground velocity (PGV) provides the best correlation with damage.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/pubs/shake/node7.html|title=INSTRUMENTAL SEISMIC INTENSITY MAPS|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000903180428/http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/pubs/shake/node7.html|archive-date=2000-09-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author3-link=Teng Ta-liang|last1=Wu|first1=Yih-Min|last2=Hsiao|first2=Nai-Chi|last3=Teng|first3=Ta-Liang|date=July 2004|title=Relationships between Strong Ground Motion Peak Values and Seismic Loss during the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake|journal=Natural Hazards|volume=32|issue=3|pages=357–373|doi=10.1023/B:NHAZ.0000035550.36929.d0|bibcode=2004NatHa..32..357W |citeseerx=10.1.1.470.4890|s2cid=53479793}}</ref> PGV merely expresses the peak of the first [[integral|integration]] of the acceleration record. Accepted formulae now link PGV with MM Intensity. Note that the effect of soft soils gets built into the process, since one can expect that these foundation conditions will amplify the PGV significantly.
"ShakeMaps" are produced by the [[United States Geological Survey]], provide almost-real-time information about significant earthquake events, and can assist [[emergency management|disaster-relief]] teams and other agencies.<ref>{{cite web|title=ShakeMaps|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/|access-date=2014-04-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330233229/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/|archive-date=2014-03-30|url-status=dead}}</ref>
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==Notable earthquakes==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
! PGV <br /> (max recorded)
! Mag
! Depth
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|-
| 318 cm/s<ref name=IDA/> || 7.7 || 33 km || 2,415 || [[1999 Jiji earthquake]]
|-
| 215 cm/s<ref>https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000jllz/shakemap/analysis {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> || 7.8 || 10 km || 62,013 || [[2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes|2023 Turkey-Syria Earthquakes]]
|-
| 183 cm/s<ref name="ShakeMap Scientific Background">{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/background.php|title=ShakeMap Scientific Background|access-date=2021-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623092131/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap/background.php|archive-date=2011-06-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> || 6.7 || 18.2 km || 57 || [[1994 Northridge earthquake]]
|-
| 170 cm/s<ref name=IDA/> || 6.9 || 17.6 km || 6,434 || [[Great Hanshin earthquake|1995 Great Hanshin earthquake]]
|-
| 152 cm/s<ref name=IDA/> || 6.6 || 10 km || 11 || [[2007 Chūetsu offshore earthquake]]
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<ref name="IDA">{{cite web | url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1131695.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220601061116/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD1131695.pdf | url-status=live | archive-date=June 1, 2022 | title=How Fast Can the Ground Really Move? |publisher=INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES|access-date=2021-11-03 }}</ref>
<ref name="USGS0">{{cite web | url= https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/official20110311054624120_30/origin/detail | title= M9.1 - Tohoku, Japan |publisher= [[United States Geological Survey]] |access-date=2021-11-03 }}</ref>
<ref name="NEPAL-EQ-2015">{{cite journal
<ref name="usgs">{{cite web | url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usp000gddf#general_region | title=M5.5 - Greater Los Angeles area, California | publisher=[[USGS]] | access-date=2021-11-06 }}</ref>
<ref name="nature">{{Cite journal|title=Nature:The 1933 Long Beach Earthquake (California, USA) Ground Motions and Rupture Scenario|journal=Scientific Reports |date=22 June 2020 |volume=10 |issue=1 |page=10017 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-66299-w
}}
'''Sources'''
{{Refbegin}}
* {{citation|title=An atlas of ShakeMaps for selected global earthquakes|url=http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1236/downloads/OF08-1236_508.pdf|first1=T. I.|last1=Allen|first2=D. J.|last2=Wald|first3=A. J.|last3=Hotovec|first4=K.|last4=Lin|first5=P. S.|last5=Earle|first6=K. D.|last6=Marano|year=2008|series=Open-File Report 2008–1236|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]}}
* {{citation|title=An atlas of ShakeMaps and population exposure catalog for earthquake loss modeling|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/pager/prodandref/AllenEtAlAtlas.pdf|first1=T. I.|last1=Allen|first2=D. J.|last2=Wald|first3=P. S.|last3=Earle|first4=K. D.|last4=Marano|first5=A. J.|last5=Hotovec|first6=K.|last6=Lin|first7=M. G.|last7=Hearne|year=2009|journal=[[Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering]]|volume=7|issue=3|pages=701–718|doi=10.1007/s10518-009-9120-y|bibcode=2009BuEE....7..701A |s2cid=58893137|access-date=2017-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510042722/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/pager/prodandref/AllenEtAlAtlas.pdf|archive-date=2012-05-10|url-status=dead}}
{{Refend}}
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