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{{For|the politician|Hugh Calveley (MP)}}
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[[File:Bunbury Effigy.jpg|thumb|Effigy of Sir Hugh Calveley (d.1394), [[St Boniface's Church, Bunbury]], Cheshire]]
[[File:Equestrian statue of Sir Hugh Calveley at Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey.jpg|thumb|Modern equestrian statue of Sir Hugh Calveley at [[Mont Orgueil]] Castle, Jersey. Atop his helm is the [[Canting arms|canting]] [[crest (heraldry)|crest]] of Calveley: ''A calf's head sable crowned argent'']]
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==Background==
Hugh Calveley was born the youngest son of David de Calveley of Lea, and his wife, Joanna. His name is frequently misspelt as Calverley, Caverle, Calvelegh, Kerverley, Calverlee, Calvyle, Kalvele, Calviley, and Calvile. The family held the manor of Calveley in [[Bunbury, Cheshire]], living in Calveley Hall. The Hall came into the possession of the [[Davenport|Davenport family]] through marriage in 1369. Hugh was likely born at Lea Hall in [[Lea Newbold]], formerly a civil parish, now in the parish of [[Aldford]] and [[Saighton]] in the Borough of [[Cheshire West and Chester]]. Lea Hall remained in the Calveley Family until 1714 and was demolished in about 1876.<ref>Historic England</ref> Estimates of the year of his birth range from 1315 to 1333. Calveley married an Aragonese princess, the Dna Constanza.<ref>W McColly
It is possible that he was a close relative, maybe even a half-brother, of Sir [[Robert Knolles]].
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An anonymous Breton poet's account of the [[Battle of the Thirty]] in 1351 has "Hue de Caverle" as a [[knight]] fighting on the English side (where he was defeated, captured, to be [[ransom]]ed later). One estimate of the date of his knighthood is 1346, though documents from 1354 do not refer to him as a knight, and there is some evidence that he was not knighted until 1361.
In 1354, Calveley was captain of the English-held fortress of [[Becherel]]. He planned a raid on the castle of [[Montmuran]] on 10 April, to capture [[Arnoul d'Audrehem]], [[Marshal of France]], who was a guest of the lady of Tinteniac. [[Bertrand du Guesclin]], in one of the early highlights of his career, anticipated the attack, posting archers as sentries. When the sentries raised the alarm at Calveley's approach, both du Guesclin and d'Audrehem hurried to intercept. In the ensuing fight, Calveley was unhorsed by a knight named
In 1359 Sir [[Robert Knolles]] and Calveley invaded the [[Rhône River|Rhône]] Valley. The city of Le Puy fell to them in July. The campaign ended when their way to [[Avignon]] was barred by the army of Thomas de la Marche, Deputy for [[Louis II, Duke of Bourbon]], at which point both English commanders retreated.
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After the conclusion of the Breton civil war, Calveley, along with many other soldiers, found himself unemployed. These soldiers, banding together in the [[Free Companies]], continued to support themselves by raiding widely, causing a huge problem for the Kingdom of France.
The solution
Pedro the Cruel, having fled from Castile, invoked his alliance with England. Calveley was ordered back to the service of England by the [[Black Prince]], and now took a prominent part in Pedro's counter-campaign, culminating in the decisive [[Battle of Nájera]]. At Nájera, Calveley was once again in the rearguard, sharing command with Count [[Jean I of Armagnac]]. The two commanders had the glory of delivering the final blow to the faltering enemy infantry by a cavalry charge. Enrique of Trastamara escaped from the battle. Though his title as Count of Carrion had been granted by Enrique, Pedro confirmed it upon reclaiming the Castilian throne.
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When hostilities resumed between England and France in 1369, Calveley was once again involved, first in raiding the possessions of Gascon nobles who had defected to the French. He took part in at least three further campaigns in the period to 1374; notably, he was one of the joint commanders of the English army disastrously defeated by [[Bertrand du Guesclin]] at the [[Battle of Pontvallain]], 4 December 1370, though he managed to escape.
From 1375 to 1378, Calveley was [[governor of Calais]], an important port. Thereafter, he became one of the two Admirals of the English fleet, taking part in several sea battles. He is also made Warden of the Isles in 1376, tasked with strengthening the military defences in the [[Channel Islands]], notably at [[Mont Orgueil Castle]] and [[Castle Cornet]], from regular French raids.
In July 1379, he was involved in a raid on Brittany led by [[John FitzAlan, 1st Baron Arundel|Sir John Arundel]], Marshal of England. On their return voyage, 20 ships and about 1000 men were lost at sea in a storm. Calveley was one of only 8 survivors.
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==Death and burial==
Calveley died without
==Notes==
{{more footnotes needed|date=November 2017}}
{{Reflist
==References==
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*Stephen Turnbull, The Book of the Medieval Knight (Arms and Armour Press, London, 1985), p. 50
*Hubert Cole, The Black Prince (Hart-Davis MacGibbon 1976 {{ISBN|0-246-10778-2}}), pp 152, 160, 166, 170, 173, 183
*[http://www.bunbury.org.uk/johnpapers/elsworth_papersframe.htm Hugh Calveley as a Bunbury local hero] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205105930/http://www.bunbury.org.uk/johnpapers/elsworth_papersframe.htm |date=5 December 2020 }}
*[http://www.bunbury.org.uk/papers/Sir_Hugh_frameset.html The Effigy and Tomb of Sir Hugh Calveley] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211739/http://www.bunbury.org.uk/papers/Sir_Hugh_frameset.html |date=3 March 2016 }}
*[http://www.labelle.org/hyw1380.html Timeline of the 1380s] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827030747/http://www.labelle.org/hyw1380.html |date=27 August 2019 }}
*[https://
*[http://www.arrakis.es/~jlserrano/repercusssions.htm John of Gaunt's Intervention in Spain] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510135503/http://www.arrakis.es/~jlserrano/repercusssions.htm |date=10 May 2006 }}
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[[Category:1394 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century English Navy personnel]]
[[Category:14th-century English
[[Category:English admirals]]
[[Category:People of the Hundred Years' War]]
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