Clan MacAulay: Difference between revisions

There are many different families of MacAulays from both Ireland and Scotland which are not related and are considered to have no historical connection with Clan MacAulay. These include the Scottish Macaulays from the Western Isles (the [[Macaulay of Lewis|Macaulays of Lewis]] and possibly the MacAulays of [[Uist]]).<ref name="globalgenealogy-LawsonII">{{cite web|url=http://globalgenealogy.com/globalgazette/gazbl/gazbl35.htm|title=From The Outer Hebrides to Cape Breton – Part II|access-date=14 October 2007|author=Lawson, Bill|date=10 September 1999|work=The Global Gazette (globalgenealogy.com)}}</ref> Irish families of MacAulays with no connection with Clan MacAulay are the McAuleys of [[CoCounty Offaly]] and [[CoCounty Westmeath]], the McAuleys in [[Ulster]] ([[CoCounty Fermanagh]]), and the "MacAuleys of the Glens" ([[CoCounty Antrim]]). The "MacAuleys of the Glens", however, have been thought to have been originally Scottish.

During the early 17th century, Clan MacAulay was involved in the [[Plantation of Ulster]], as [[James VI of Scotland|James VI]] began colonising regions of Ireland with English and Scottish settlers. Several MacAulays were transplanted from Scotland to Ulster during this era. One such region was the precinct of Portlough (within the barony of Raphoe, in [[CoCounty Donegal]]) which comprised {{convert|12000|acre|km2 sqmi}}. In 1610, [[Ludovic Stewart, 2nd Duke of Lennox]] was allotted {{convert|3000|acre|km2 sqmi}} of land within the precinct. There were eight other allotments; one of which was of {{convert|1000|acre|km2 sqmi}} to Alexander MacAulay of Durling, gentleman.<ref>[[#H9|Hanna 1902]]: p. 507.</ref>{{#tag:ref|Hill lists the grant to Alexander MacAulay of Durling, as: "Grant to ''Alexander McAula'' of Durlin, gent. The small proportion of ''Ballyweagh'', or ''Ballyneagh'', containing Mullanchelosk, one quarter; Boylelawny, one quarter; Ballyveagh, one quarter; Levallymore, one quarter; Ballyivegly, 2 quarters; and {{frac|2|3}} of a quarter of Roughan, next to Ballyvegly; in all 1,000 acres, with free fishing in [[Lough Swilly|Loughswilly]]. Three out of eight parts of the quarter of Negracky, containing 60 acres, are excepted from this grant. The premises are created in the manor of Ballyreagh, with 300 acres in demesne, and a court baron. Rent. 5''l''. 6''s''. 8''d''. Irish. To Hold forever, as of the castle of Dublin, in common socage, 16 July, 8th [1610]".<ref name="H2-294">[[#H2|Hill 1877]]: p. 294.</ref>|group=note}} The king appointed various commissioners to visit the landlords to whom the allotments were made in order to take account of their progress. In July 1611, on such inspection was made in the precinct of Portlough. The report stated of the duke's allotment: "Duke of Lennox, chief undertaker of 2000 acres. Sir Aulant Aula, Knight, his agent, resident, with some British families; no preparation for building, save some timber trees felled and squared". For the allotment to Alexander MacAulay of Durling, the report stated: "Alexander McAula of Durlinge; 1000 acres; appeared not, nothing done".<ref>[[#H9|Hanna 1902]]: pp. 518–519.</ref> In 1619, Nicholas Pynnar surveyed the undertakers and recorded of the Duke of Lennox's portion: "3000 acres, Duke of Lennox: a very strong castle, built of lime and stone, but no freeholders. The well inhabited and full of people". For the MacAulay portion the report stated: "1000 acres, Alexander McAula: stone house and [[bawn]]; 2 freeholders, 9 lessees; able to produce 30 men with arms".<ref>[[#H9|Hanna 1902]]: pp. 533–534.</ref>{{#tag:ref|Pynnar's survey of the MacAulay portion, as published by Hill in 1877, reads: ''Alexander McAwley'' alias Stewart hath 1,000 acres, called ''Ballyneagh''. Upon this there is built a Bawne of Lime and Stone 70 feet square, with four Flankers, and a Stone House in it. I find planted and estated upon this Land, of ''Brittish'' Birth, Freeholders, 2, viz., 1 having 200 acres. 1 having 60 acres. Lesses for years, 9, viz., 3 having 200 acres le piece. 2 having 180 acres. 1 having 120 acres. 2 having 60 acres le piece. 1 having 40 acres. Total, 11 Families, who, with their Undertenants, are to make 30 Men armed; these have taken Oath of Supremecy. Here is good store of Tillage, and I saw otnot one Irish Family on the Land.<ref>[[#H2|Hill 1877]]: p. 510–511.</ref>|group=note}} Later, Alexander MacAulay of Durling, also known as 'Alexander MacAulay, [[Pseudonym|alias]] Stewart', sold his allotment to Alexander Stewart. According to Hill, Alexander Stewart was the ancestor of the Stewart [[Marquess of Londonderry|Marquesses of Londonderry]].<ref name="H2-294"/> Alexander MacAulay of Durling also succeeded Sir Aulay Macaulay as Laird of Ardincaple and chief of Clan MacAulay.

A branch of the MacAulays of Ardincaple settled in [[CoCounty Antrim]], with the leading member of the family owning the [[Glenarm]] estate for some time until it passed to the MacDougalls in 1758.{{#tag:ref|"A branch of the MacAuleys settled in the county of Antrim, and there acquired the estate of Glenerm; but Ardincaple changed proprietors, and the estate was acquired by its present possessors, the MacDougalls, by whom it was entailed in August 1758".<ref name="ScottishClansAndTheirTartans">{{cite book|title=The Scottish Clans And Their Tartans: With Notes|url=https://archive.org/details/scottishclansand00edin|page=[https://archive.org/details/scottishclansand00edin/page/39 39]}}</ref>|group=note}}

The Mac Amhalghaidh sept originating from lands in [[CoCounty Offaly]] and [[CoCounty Westmeath]] derive its name from the [[Old Irish]] name ''Amhalgaidh'' (just as Clan MacAulay). The sept is considered to be of native Irish origin, descending from [[Niall of the Nine Hostages]]. The chiefs of the sept are recorded in the Irish annals as "chiefs of Calry"; their lands were known in [[Elizabethan]] times as "MacGawleys Country".<ref name="MacLysaght5051"/>

The Mac Amhlaoibh sept from [[CoCounty Fermanagh]] in [[Ulster]] derive its name from ''Amhlaoibh'', a Gaelic personal name derived from the [[Old Norse]] names ''Áleifr'' and ''Óláfr''.<ref name="McCauley-name-meaning">{{cite web|url=http://www.ancestry.com/facts/McCauley-name-meaning.ashx|title=McCauley Name Meaning and History|access-date=2 April 2008|work=[[Ancestry.com]]}}</ref> he sept traces its descent from Amlaíb (d.1306), younger son of the first [[Maguire of Fermanagh|Maguire king of Fermanagh]]—Donn Óc (c.1286–1302).<ref name="Duffy">[[#D2|Duffy 2005]]: p. 312.</ref> The family was one of the junior septs that dispossessed other non-Maguire families in the area of the Maguire lordship. In consequence of their military actions the family left its mark on the area in the name of the [[Baronies of Ireland|barony]] of ''Clanawley'' in CoCounty Fermanagh.<ref name="MacLysaght5051"/>

The Mac Amhlaoibh sept of [[CoCounty Cork]] are a branch of the MacCarthys. Today many members of the sept bear names like ''MacAuliffe'' which is usually found within CoCounty Cork and hardly ever found outside of [[Munster]]. The chiefs of the sept resided at Castle MacAuliffe which was located near Newmarket, CoCounty Cork. The territory of the sept was described in 1612 as "Clan Auliffe".<ref name="MacLysaght5051"/>

The "[[Clan MacAuley of the Glens|MacAuleys of the Glens]]" are thought to be of Scottish descent. Located in the [[Glens of Antrim]], the MacAuleys were allies of the MacDonnells in the 16th century. The MacDonnells held parts of [[Clandeboye|Clannaboy]] while the MacAuleys, MacGills, and MacAllisters occupied the northeast coast of [[CoCounty Antrim|Antrim]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hull|first=Eleanor|author-link=Eleanor Hull|title=A History of Ireland and Her People|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks08/0800111h.html|access-date=2 April 2008|volume=2|year=1931|chapter=Chapter 2: The Plantation of Ulster|chapter-url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks08/0800111h.html#ch2-2|isbn=0-8369-6956-1|publisher=Books for Libraries Press|location=Freeport, N.Y.}}</ref> On the plain of Bun-na-mairgie, near [[Ballycastle, County Antrim|Ballycastle]], the MacDonnells (led by [[Sorley Boy MacDonnell]]) fought the [[MacQuillan]]s. Before the battle, the MacQuillans appealed to the [[O'Neill of Clannaboy|O'Neills of Lower Claneboy]] and to the MacAuleys and MacPhoils of the middle Glens of Antrim for assistance against the MacDonnells. The two small clans (the MacAuleys and MacPhoils) were two days late to the battle; when they arrived, they were only spectators to a battle which was near its climax. Sorley Boy MacDonnell then rode out to the chief of the MacAuleys and persuaded him to join his ranks, as did the MacPhoils. Their combined force then drove the MacQuillans to the banks of the river Aura, where they were finally defeated<ref>{{cite book|last=Forde|first=Hugh|title=Sketches of Olden Days in Northern Ireland|url=http://www.libraryireland.com/sketches/toc.php|access-date=2 April 2008|year=1923|chapter=Chapter 2: Dunluce Castle|chapter-url=http://www.libraryireland.com/sketches/dunluce.php}}</ref> and the chief of the MacQuillans slain in what is known as the [[Battle of Aura]]. Festivities lasted for several days after the battle and a [[cairn]], called "Coslin Sorley Boy",<ref>{{cite book|last=Lewis|first=Samuel|author-link=Samuel Lewis (publisher)|title=A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland|url=http://www.booksulster.com/library/topog/|access-date=2 April 2008|volume=1|year=1837|chapter=Layde|chapter-url=http://www.booksulster.com/library/topog/l.php|isbn=0-8063-1062-6|publisher=Genealogical Pub. Co.|location=Baltimore, Md.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090820085332/http://www.booksulster.com/library/topog/|archive-date=20 August 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref> was raised on the mountain Trostan.

No coat of arms of a chief of the clan has ever been matriculated by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.<ref name="AI-517">[[#AI|Adam; Innes of Learney 1970]]: p. 517.</ref> Even so, in the 19th century, several [[heraldist]]s listed different arms for the MacAulays of Ardincaple. The 19th century [[Ulster King of Arms]], [[Bernard Burke|Sir John Bernard Burke]] listed the (undated) arms of "Macaulay (Ardincaple, co. Argyll)", [[blazoned]]: ''[[gules]] two arrows in [[Saltire#Heraldry and vexillology|saltire]] [[argent]] surmounted of a [[fess]] [[Variation of the field#Chequy|chequy]] of the second and first between three buckles [[Or (heraldry)|Or]]''.<ref name="BB-635">[[#BB|Burke 1884]]: p. 635.</ref> The 19th century heraldist Robert Riddle Stodart published an undated [[facsimile]] of a different coat of arms of "Mc: aula of Arncapelle" (which is also pictured above within the article).<ref name="RS1-115"/> The [[Seal (impression)|seal]] of Aulay Macaulay of Ardincaple, in 1593 bore: ''a fess chequy and in [[Chief (heraldry)|chief]] a buckle''.<ref name="F1-114">[[#F1|Fraser 1869]]: p. 114.</ref> An early [[grant of arms]], to a member of the clan and descendant of the MacAulays of Ardincaple, was that of George M'Alla, [[merchant]] of [[Edinburgh]]. His coat of arms was registered by Lyon Court in 1672 and is blazoned: ''gules, two arrows in saltire argent surmounted of a fess checquy of the second and first between three buckles or, a [[bordure]] [[Line (heraldry)#Indented and dancetty|indented]] of the last''; crest: ''a boot couped at the ankle thereon a spur all proper''; motto: ''dulce periculum''.<ref name="BB-635"/><ref name="RS2-410411">[[#RS2|Stodart 1881, '''2''']]: pp. 410–411.</ref> The celebrated 19th-century historian [[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay]] was granted (English) arms<ref name="BB-635"/> that alluded to those of the MacAulays of Ardincaple. This was despite his having no connection at all with Clan MacAulay; he was descended from the unrelated [[Macaulay of Lewis|Macaulays of Lewis]].

File:Seal (elements) of Aulay MacAulay of Ardincaple.svg|<{{center>|<small>The heraldic elements within the [[Seal (impression)|seal]] of [[Aulay MacAulay of Ardincaple]], 1593</small></center>}}

File:Arms of MacAulay of Ardincaple (Stodart).svg|<{{center>|<small>MacAulay of Ardincaple<br>(per Stodart, undated, not registered at [[Lyon Court]])</small></center>}}

File:Arms of MacAulay of Ardincaple.svg|<{{center>|<small>MacAulay of Ardincaple<br>(per [[Bernard Burke|Burke]], undated, not registered at Lyon Court)</small></center>}}

File:Arms of George M'Alla.svg|<{{center>|<small>George M'Alla<br>(reg. at Lyon Court, 1672)</small></center>}}

File:Arms of Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay.svg|<{{center>|<small>[[Thomas Babington Macaulay, 1st Baron Macaulay]]<br>(not registered at Lyon Court)</small></center>}}

File:Arms of Stewart.svg|<{{center>|<small>Basic [[undifferenced arms]] of Stewart</small></center>}}

File:Arms of Alexander Boncle.svg|<{{center>|<small>Alexander Boncle<br>(c. 1300, ''Lord Marshal's [[roll of arms|Roll]]'')</small></center>}}

*{{cite journal|author1=Ewart, Gordon |author2=Baker, Fiona |year=1998 |title=Carrick Castle: symbol and source of Campbell power in south Argyll from the 14th to the 17th century |journal=[[Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]] |volume=128 |pages=937–1016 |doi=10.9750/PSAS.128.937.1016 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_128/128_937_1016.pdf |access-date=2 April 2008 |ref=E1 |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070611135829/http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_128/128_937_1016.pdf |archive-date=11 June 2007}}

*{{Cite book|lastlast1=Hanks, Patrick|title=A dictionary of first names|last2=Hodges, Flavia|last3=Hardcastle, Kate|date=2006|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0-19-861060-2|editor-last=Hardcastle, Kate|edition=2nd|location=Oxford|oclc=67869278|author-link=Patrick Hanks|ref=H10}}

*{{cite journal|last=McAndrew|first=Bruce A.|year=1999|title=The sigillography of the Ragman Roll|journal=[[Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]]|volume=129|pages=663–752|publisher=[[Society of Antiquaries of Scotland]]|doi=10.9750/PSAS.129.663.752 |url=http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/adsdata/PSAS_2002/pdf/vol_129/129_663_752.pdf|ref=M8}}