Content deleted Content added
Rkieferbaum (talk | contribs) m v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Link equal to linktext) |
|||
(7 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description|Historic fortress off the coast of Veracruz, Mexico}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2021}}
{{coord|19|12|33|N|96|07|53|W|region:MX_type:landmark_source:dewiki|display=title}}
Line 35 ⟶ 36:
[[File:CastilloSanJuandeUlua.jpg|thumb|The fortress overlooking the Port of Veracruz]]
The fort was
It saw no action during the [[Mexican War of Independence]], being too far away from the main areas of fighting to see any real action.
Line 43 ⟶ 44:
In 1568, the [[Spanish Army|Spanish forces]] stationed on the fortress succeeded in trapping a [[privateer]] fleet under the command of [[John Hawkins (naval commander)|John Hawkins]] in the fortress's harbor. The commanders under Hawkins included his cousin, the young [[Francis Drake]]. Although Hawkins and Drake both managed to escape the organized entrapment on their respective [[Warship|warships]], many of the trapped sailors aboard the ships were killed by Spanish cannon fire. Several of the privateer warships present were sunk, and several more were damaged beyond repair, and [[Scuttling|scuttled]] along the Mexican coastline. The shipwrecked sailors were abandoned by Hawkins, who chose to cut his losses and venture elsewhere on the [[Spanish Main]].
Trapped, and with no rescue in sight, these sailors ventured further inland, where they eventually settled among the local population and integrated into the [[Mexicans|Mexican populace]] at large, becoming part of the [[Immigration to Mexico|European diaspora in Mexico]]. Hawkins, along with Drake, continued his attacks on Spanish shipping of [[Spanish treasure fleet|
==The Virgin of the Staircase on top of the Port of Veracruz==
The fort once held the icon of the La Virgen de La Escalera (Virgin of the Staircase), whose little chapel entrance was under the stone staircase leading to the Baluarte de San Crispin fort, near the chancery, ammunition room, and treasury room. Whenever ships arrived into the bay, this Marian icon
A near replica (some dispute as the true statue) of the Virgen de La Escalera was brought by the Antonio Fernandez de Roxas family (ancestors of the [[Zobel de Ayala]] clan also descended from the Zangroniz clan of railroad barons), via the Road of the Viceroys / El Camino de los Virreyes to Mexico City and then down to the [[Pacific]] port of [[Acapulco]] in [[Guerrero]], and sailed to Manila
==Post-Spanish era==
{{See also|Bombardment of San Juan de Ulúa}}
After [[Mexican War of Independence|Mexico's independence]] in 1821, a large body of Spanish troops continued to occupy San Juan de Ulúa as late as 1825. It was the last site in the former
The last foreign incursion came in 1914, on the eve of [[World War I]], when an American expedition [[United States occupation of Veracruz|captured and occupied]] Veracruz as a response to the [[Tampico Affair]] against the background of the [[Mexican Revolution]]; which threatened the [[Petroleum industry in Mexico|regional oil industry]] in which Americans were heavily invested. After a short but bloody firefight the Americans captured the city, including San Juan de Ulúa. After seven months of U.S. occupation, the Americans departed and handed back the city to the Mexicans. The national legislature awarded the port and city of Veracruz the title of ''Heroic'' for the fourth time following this incident. A portion of San Juan de Ulúa also served several times as the [[presidential palace]], housing presidents such as [[Benito Juárez]] and [[Venustiano Carranza]]. The citadel was also used as a prison, especially during the early 20th-century regime of President [[Porfirio Díaz]]. It was alleged by some sources that in order to prevent prisoners from escaping, [[Shark|sharks]] were placed into the waters surrounding the island, so that they would kill anyone attempting to escape
==Modern times==
|