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{{Short description|City in Fars province, Iran}}
{{for|the administrative subdivision|Neyriz County}}▼
{{more citations needed|date=June 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
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|population_footnotes = <ref name="2016 census"/>
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| timezone = [[Iran Standard Time|IRST]] | utc_offset
|coordinates_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite map |author=((OpenStreetMap contributors)) |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=29.192778&mlon=54.319722&zoom=14#map=14/29.1928/54.3197 |website=[[OpenStreetMap]] |title=Neyriz, Neyriz County |date=27 September 2023 |access-date=27 September 2023 |lang=fa}}</ref>
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▲| coordinates = {{coord|29|11|56|N|54|19|40|E|region:IR|display=inline,title}}
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'''Neyriz''' ({{lang-fa|نیریز}}){{efn|Also [[Romanize]]d as '''Neyrīz''' and '''Nīrīz'''<ref>{{GEOnet3|-3076911}}</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Nīrīz |volume=19 |page=709}}</ref>}} is a city in the [[Central District (Neyriz County)|Central District]] of [[Neyriz County]], [[Fars province|Fars]] province, [[Iran]], serving as capital of both the county and the district.<ref name="Fars Province Divisions">{{cite web |title = Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Fars province, centered in Shiraz |language = fa |website = Lamtakam |url = https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113032 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20231207211349/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113032 |publisher = Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers |last = Habibi |first = Hassan |date = 21 June 1369 |archive-date = 7 December 2023 |access-date = 7 December 2023}}</ref>
The name is also used for the district in which it is situated and for the [[Bakhtegan Lake]]. The town was located on its shores, but because of the shrinkage of the [[salt lake (geography)|salt lake]] it is now to its southeast. In the nineteenth century some of the Neyriz inhabitants were [[Bábís]], and were persecuted by the government.▼
▲The name is also used for the district in which it is situated and for
In 2010, construction of the [[Neyriz Ghadir Steel Complex]] began in Neyriz. The DRI plant came online in 2018 as part of Iran's seven major steel production development program.<ref>{{Cite web |last=https://plus.google.com/113403756129291503583 |date=2018-01-27 |title=New DRI Plant Comes on Stream in Fars Province |url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/80887/new-dri-plant-comes-on-stream-in-fars-province |access-date=2024-02-03 |website=Financial Tribune |language=En}}</ref>
==History==
Neyriz is mentioned in the [[Persepolis Administrative Archives]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]] under the [[Elamite language|Elamite]] name ''Narezzash'', which reflects its [[Old Persian language|Old Persian]] name ''Narēcha''.<ref>Tavernier (2007), p.388</ref> The city was known for its armorers, which has been connected to the historical evidence of [[iron]] mining in the region. The Persian King Cambyses II has also been said to have been buried here. However, no direct archaeological evidence of the Achaemenid city has been found.<ref>Sumner (1986), p.19</ref>
The 10th-century writer [[al-Muqaddasi]] described the great mosque of Neyriz as laying on the same street as the town's marketplace. The mosque was dedicated in the year 951. During this period, Neyriz was protected by a formidable castle, and it belonged to the district of [[Darab
On 27 May 1850, [[Sayyed Yahya Darabi]] arrived in Neyriz to great fanfare, entered the Great Mosque, and proclaimed the coming of [[The Báb|the Bāb]] as the chosen one of Islam.<ref name="Babism"/> Darabi, who had been a Muslim cleric prior to converting to [[Bábism|Bābism]], was also known as [[Wahid]], meaning "unique", a name the Bāb had bestowed upon him.<ref name="Darabi"/> Fearing that Darabi would lead a Bābi uprising against him,<ref name="Babism"/>
Two years later, in 1852, [[Ali Sardar]] had emerged as the new leader of the Bābis in Neyriz. Fearing a new wave of persecution, a group of Bābis assassinated the governor at the public bath, despite such an action being forbidden by Bābi teachings. When a new governor arrived, the Bābis of Neyriz failed to win his trust, and they fled into the mountains to the south for protection, carrying provisions for several months. The governor recruited as many as 12,000 troops and [[siege|besieged]] the Bābis' positions. Ali Sardar was killed in a failed [[sortie]] by late October
==Climate==
{{Weather box
| width = 70%
| collapsed =
| metric first = yes
| single line = yes
| location = Neyriz (2000-2005)
| temperature colour =
| Jan mean C =7.3
| Feb mean C =9.9
| Mar mean C =14.0
| Apr mean C =19.1
| May mean C =23.9
| Jun mean C =28.3
| Jul mean C =30.6
| Aug mean C =29.7
| Sep mean C =26.1
| Oct mean C =20.7
| Nov mean C =13.8
| Dec mean C =9.7
| year mean C =
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm =66.9
| Feb precipitation mm =23.6
| Mar precipitation mm =25.4
| Apr precipitation mm =11.1
| May precipitation mm =0.5
| Jun precipitation mm =0.6
| Jul precipitation mm =3.4
| Aug precipitation mm =2.1
| Sep precipitation mm =0.0
| Oct precipitation mm =0.7
| Nov precipitation mm =9.2
| Dec precipitation mm =61.4
| year precipitation mm =
| source = IRIMO<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/NEIRIZE/25.asp |title=MONTHLY TOTAL OF PRECIPITATION IN MM. Station: Neiriz-e Fars (40869) |access-date=25 August 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170225233439/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/NEIRIZE/25.asp |archive-date= 25 February 2017 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |no-pp=y |type=asp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/NEIRIZE/5.asp |title=Average of mean daily temperature in C. Station: Neiriz-e Fars (40869) |access-date= 25 August 2024 |website=Chaharmahalmet |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160320085140/http://www.chaharmahalmet.ir/stat/archive/iran/far/NEIRIZE/5.asp |archive-date=20 March 2016 |url-status=unfit |publisher=Iran Meteorological Organization |no-pp=y |type=asp}}</ref>
}}
==Demographics==
===Population===
At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 45,180 in 11,970 households.<ref name="2006 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006) | page = 07 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/07.xls | access-date = 25 September 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110920091830/http://www.amar.org.ir/DesktopModules/FTPManager/upload/upload2360/newjkh/newjkh/07.xls | format = Excel | archive-date = 20 September 2011}}</ref> The following census in 2011 counted 50,291 people in 14,416 households.<ref name="2011 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011) | page = 07 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = Syracuse University | url = https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Fars.xls | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230116202002/https://irandataportal.syr.edu/wp-content/uploads/Fars.xls | archive-date = 16 January 2023 | access-date = 19 December 2022 | format = Excel}}</ref> The [[2024]] census measured the population of the city as 110,850 people in 31,338 households.<ref name="2016 census">{{cite web | title = Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016) | page = 07 | language = fa | publisher = The Statistical Center of Iran | website = AMAR | url = https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx | access-date = 19 December 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220406013432/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_07.xlsx | format = Excel | archive-date = 6 April 2022}}</ref>
== Historical places==
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The Friday mosque of Neyriz was built in at least three phases, spanning Buyid, Seljuk and Il-Khanid rule in the Fars province. An inscription on the great qibla iwan indicates that the mihrab was built in 973, which is probably the date when the qibla iwan and the minaret were constructed and enclosed within the precinct walls. Identified as "iwan-mosque," the pre-Islamic typology of the Masjid-i Jami' in Neyriz, Bamiyan and Nishapur has led some scholars to believe that their mihrabs and minarets may have been appended to Zoroastrian fire temples. At Neyriz, the northwest iwan facing the original sanctuary was erected at a later date, followed by the addition of two rows of lateral arcades along the courtyard and iwan walls. The portal, which bears the date 1472, commemorates the last known period of construction.
The mosque has a rectangular layout, measuring about forty-eight by thirty-four metres on the exterior. It is aligned with qibla along the
Across the courtyard from the sanctuary is the vaulted northeast iwan, which is seven metres square. It is flanked by passageways on either side that connect it with the main portal and the secondary portal, which was added to the eastern corner of the mosque in 1472. It is adjoined by the modern addition of two halls that span the length of the southeast mosque wall; the southern of these halls contains ablution fountains and latrines. There's also an octagonal fountain at the center of the courtyard. A single minaret, with a round tapering shaft terminating at a parapet, rises alongside the main portal. The spiraling steps of the minaret are accessed from the northwest arcade.
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File:طبیعت نیریز2-عکاس روحاله یگانه.jpg
</gallery>
==See also==
{{Portal-inline|Iran}}▼
{{clear}}
== Notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
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==Sources==
* {{Cite journal |last=Sumner |first=W.M. |date=January 1986 |title=Achaemenid Settlement in the Persepolis Plain |url=https://archive.org/details/Sumner1986AchaemenidSettlementInThePersepolisPlain |journal=American Journal of Archaeology |volume=90 |issue=1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/Sumner1986AchaemenidSettlementInThePersepolisPlain/page/n1 3]–31|doi=10.2307/505980 |jstor=505980 |s2cid=191382637 }}
* {{Cite book |last=Tavernier |first=Jan |title=Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550-330 B.C.) |location=Leuven |publisher=Peeters |year=2007 |isbn=9789042918337 |oclc=167407632 |url=https://archive.org/details/IranicaInTheAchaemenidPeriodca.550-330B.c..LexiconOfOldIranian}}
{{
{{Neyriz County}}▼
{{Fars Province|state=collapsed}}
▲{{Portal|Iran}}
▲{{Neyriz County|state=collapsed}}
[[Category:Populated places in Neyriz County]]
[[Category:Cities in Fars
[[Category:Achaemenid cities]]
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