Content deleted Content added
No edit summary Tags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
|||
| (38 intermediate revisions by 18 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{
{{distinguish|text=the [[Syro-Malabar Church]], another Eastern Catholic body}}<!---unexplained changes with no edit summaries will usually be reverted.
Also, new material with no [[WP:RELY]] footnotes
Also, material placed IN FRONT OF existing footnotes without a really good reason--->
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox
|name = Syro-Malankara Catholic Church
|image = St. Marys Cathedral Trivandrum Fassade 2 (retuschiert).jpg
Line 22:
|area =
|founder = a. [[Jesus]] according to Catholic [[sacred tradition]] <br />b. [[Apostles in the New Testament|Apostle]] [[Thomas the Apostle|Thomas]] through [[apostolic succession]], by tradition.<br />c. [[Geevarghese Ivanios]] (1930)
|founded_date = 1930—1932<ref>{{cite book|title=[[The Oxford History of Christian Worship]]|editor-last1=Wainwright|editor-first1=Geoffrey|editor-last2=Westerfield Tucker|editor-first2=Karen B.|isbn=978-0-19-513886-3|date=2006|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=[[Oxford]]|chapter=The Ancient Oriental Churches|last=Chaillot|first=Christine|page=161}}</ref>
|founded_place =
|separated_from = [[Jacobite Syrian Christian Church]], [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]]
Line 38:
|division_type1 = Eparchies
|division1 =
|ministers = [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Bishops]]:
|missionaries =
|temples =
Line 47:
|tertiary =
|other_names = Malankara Syrian Catholic Church, Syro-Malankara Rite Catholic Church
|website = [
|footnotes =
}}
The '''Syro-Malankara Catholic Church''', also known as the '''Malankara Syrian Catholic Church''', is an [[Eastern Catholic Church|Eastern Catholic]] ''[[sui iuris]]'' [[particular church]] in [[full communion]] with the worldwide [[Catholic Church]] possessing self-governance under the [[Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches]]. It is one of the [[Major Archiepiscopal Church|major archiepiscopal]] churches of the Catholic Church. It is headed by Major Archbishop [[Baselios Cleemis|Baselios Cardinal Cleemis]] [[Maphrian|Catholicos]] of the [[Syro-Malankara Catholic Major Archeparchy of Trivandrum|Major Archdiocese of Trivandrum]] based in [[Kerala]], [[India]]. With more than 1096 parishes, its one of India's biggest church evangelical establishments.
The Malankara Syrian Catholic Church traces its origins to the missions of [[Thomas the Apostle]] in the 1st century.<ref name="Official Website">{{Cite web|url=http://www.syromalabarchurch.in/syro-malabar-church.php|title=The Syro-Malabar Church Today: An Overview::The St. Thomas Christians::East Syrian (Chaldean)::Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Church|website=www.syromalabarchurch.in|access-date=2020-02-28}}</ref><ref name="Menachery">[[George Menachery]] (1973) The St. Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, Ed. George Menachery, B.N.K. Press, vol. 2, {{ISBN|81-87132-06-X}}, Lib. Cong. Cat. Card. No. 73-905568; B.N.K. Press – (has some 70 lengthy articles by different experts on the origins, development, history, culture... of these Christians, with some 300 odd photographs).</ref><ref name="Lbrown">Leslie Brown, (1956) The Indian Christians of St. Thomas. An Account of the Ancient Syriac Church of Malabar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1956, 1982 (repr.)</ref><ref name="Puthiakunnel">Thomas Puthiakunnel, (1973) "Jewish colonies of India paved the way for St. Thomas", The Saint Thomas Christian Encyclopedia of India, ed. George Menachery, Vol. II., Trichur.</ref> The Church employs the [[West Syriac Rite]] [[Divine Liturgy of Saint James]]. It is one of the two Eastern Catholic churches in India, the other being the [[Syro-Malabar Church]] which employs the [[East Syriac Rite]] liturgy.
The Malankara Syrian Catholic Church was formed on 20 September 1930 as a result of the reunion movement under the leadership of Archbishop [[Geevarghese Ivanios]], when it split from the [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church]] and entered into communion with the Catholic Church. The Malankara Church itself had emerged from the split within the [[Saint Thomas Christian]] community of the 17th century; after the [[Coonan Cross Oath]] in 1653, the Malankara Church emerged as the faction that stood with Archdeacon [[Thoma I]] in swearing to resist the authority of the [[Latin Church|Latin Catholic]] [[Portugal|Portuguese]] ''[[Padroado]]''. This faction entered into a relationship with the [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch]] and adopted the [[West Syriac Rite]] (the Saint Thomas Christians of India had until this point used the [[East Syriac Rite]] inherited from the historic [[Church of the East]]).<ref name=Gregorios285>Gregorios & Roberson, p. 285.</ref><ref name=Vadakkekara91>Vadakkekara, p. 91.</ref> The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church represents the group from this Malankara faction that reunited with Rome in the 20th century (1930), though retaining the West Syriac [[Ritual family|liturgical rite]].
Mar Ivanios started to have negotiations with the Holy See of Rome in 1926 to enter into a new communion. The two bishops including Ivanios, a priest, a deacon and a layman were received into the Catholic Church together on 1930. By 1950 there were some 65,588 faithful, in 1960 112,478, and in 1970 183,490. There are now over 400,000 faithful in over 12 dioceses in India and across the world.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cnewa.org/default.aspx?ID=66&pagetypeID=9&sitecode=hq&pageno=1 | title=The Syro-Malankara Catholic Church |publisher=E Catholic Near East Welfare Association |first=Ronald|last= Roberson| access-date=2 August 2018 }}</ref>
Line 65:
===Saint Thomas Christians===
{{Main|Saint Thomas Christians}}
[[File:Branches & Denominations of Saint Thomas Christians.svg|thumb|420x420px|A diagram showing the history of the divisions among the Saint Thomas Christians.]]
===Coonan Cross Oath===
Line 88 ⟶ 89:
===Geevarghese Ivanios===
{{Main|Geevarghese Ivanios}}
[[File:ARCHBISHOP GEEVARGHESE MAR IVANIOS.jpg|alt=|left|thumb|Aboon Geevarghese Ivanios]]
===Establishment of Bethany Ashram===
Line 416 ⟶ 418:
|2nd Metropolitan of Tiruvalla
|[[Joseph Mar Severios|Joseph Severios]]
|Left [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
|----
|Bishop of Thirumoolapuram
|[[Thomas Mar Dioscoros|Thomas Dioscoros]]
|Left [[Syriac Orthodox Church|Knanaya Syriac Orthodox Church]]
|----
|Archbishop
|[[Benedict Mar Gregorios|Benedict Gregorios]]
|Left [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Malankara Orthodox Church]]
|----
|3rd Metropolitan of Tiruvalla
|[[Zacharias Mar Athanasios|Zacharias Athanasios]]
|Left [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Orthodox Church]]
|----
|Titular Bishop of Chayal
|[[Paulos Mor Philoxenos|Paulos Philoxenos]]
|Left [[Malabar Independent Syrian Church]]
|----
|4th Metropolitan of Tiruvalla
Line 452 ⟶ 454:
|5th Metropolitan & 1st Bishop Emeritus of Tiruvalla
| [[Geevarghese Timotheos]]
|Left [[Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church|Malankara Orthodox Church]]
|----
|1st Metropolitan of Gurgaon
Line 458 ⟶ 460:
|}
|}
==Liturgy and worship==
Line 465 ⟶ 466:
==In the Indian diaspora==
There are 39 Syro-Malankara communities in North India, including churches at Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai, Pune and Hyderabad.
On 26 March 2015, Cleemis and the Holy Synod in consultation with [[Pope Francis]] erected two Eparchies to cover all of India. Bishop Barnabas Jacob was appointed bishop of the Delhi-based Eparchy of St. John Chrysostom of Gurgaon. Bishop Anthonios Thomas heads the Apostolic Exarchate of St. Ephrem of Khadki.<ref>[http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2015/03/26/0219/00492.html Bollettino] vatican.va {{
==Around the world==
===North America===
{{main|Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy of the United States of America and Canada}}
Line 483:
On 4 January 2016, [[Pope Francis]] elevated the exarchate to an eparchy, and Canada was added to the territory of the eparchy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malankaracatholicna.church/content/his-holiness-pope-francis-erects-syro-malankara-catholic-eparchy-usa-and-canada|title = His Holiness Pope Francis Erects Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy in USA and Canada | St. Mary, Queen of Peace Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy in USA and Canada}}</ref><ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/jsDRTQb7_Mw Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20201022223410/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsDRTQb7_Mw&gl=US&hl=en Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jsDRTQb7_Mw| title = Announcement of New Syro-Malankara Eparchy in USA & Canada | website=[[YouTube]]}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
On 5 August 2017, [[Philippos Stephanos Thottathil|Bishop Philippos Mar Stephanos]] was appointed as the second bishop of the eparchy, succeeding [[Thomas Eusebius|Thomas Mar Eusebius]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malankaracatholicna.church/node/7436|title = Most Rev. Dr. Philipos Mar Stephanos | St. Mary, Queen of Peace Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy in USA and Canada}}</ref><ref name="press.vatican.va">{{Cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2017/08/05/170805b.html|title=Resignations and Appointments|website=press.vatican.va|accessdate=21 January 2024}}</ref> Bishop Mar Stephanos was installed as eparch on 28 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malankaracatholicna.church/node/7445|title = Bishop Philipos Mar Stephanos installed as the second bishop of the Eparchy | St. Mary, Queen of Peace Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy in USA and Canada}}</ref>
There are currently 19 parishes and missions within the eparchy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://malankaracatholicna.church/parishes-and-missions|title = Parishes and Missions | St. Mary, Queen of Peace Syro-Malankara Catholic Eparchy in USA and Canada}}</ref> 14 are within the United States and five within Canada.
=== Europe and Oceania ===
On 5 August 2017 [[Pope Francis]] appointed [[Bishop Yoohanon Mar Theodosius]] as [[Apostolic Visitor]] for Syro-Malankara Catholics Europe and Oceania, alongside his primary work as Bishop of the Major Archiepiscopal Curia of the Syro-Malankara Catholic Church.<ref name="press.vatican.va"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2017/08/05/170805c.html|title=From the Oriental Churches|website=press.vatican.va|accessdate=21 January 2024}}</ref> There are Syro-Malankara parishes and communities in Germany, Austria, Ireland, Italy, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.
===Middle East===
Line 584:
==Malankara Catholic Youth Movement==
{{Main|Malankara Catholic Youth Movement}}
Malankara Catholic Youth Movement (MCYM) is the official organization for the youth in Syro-Malankara Catholic Church. The Catholic Youth Movement of Kerala dates back to the second half of the 1960s. Although there were some youth organisations in the parish level at different parts of Kerala, the spread of the organization of the youth movements in the diocese took place rather late.
| |||