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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{redirect|Baker City}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Baker City
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| government_type =
| leader_title = [[Mayor]]
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_sq_mi = 7.16
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| area_urban_km2 =
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 =
<!-- Population --> | population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_est =
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| pop_est_footnotes =
| population_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total = 10099
| population_density_sq_mi = 1410.08
| population_density_km2 = 544.40
| population_urban =
| population_metro =
| timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time Zone|Pacific]]
| utc_offset = −08:00
| timezone_DST = Pacific
| utc_offset_DST = −07:00
| coordinates = {{coord|44|46|30|N|117|
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
▲| elevation_ft = 3451
| elevation_ft = 3451
|
|
| area_code = [[Area code 541|541]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 41-03650
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info
| website = {{Official website|http://www.bakercity.com/}}
| footnotes =
| unit_pref = Imperial
| leader_party =
}}
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==History==
[[File:PostcardBakerORBirdsEyeView1918.jpg|thumb|left|Aerial view, about 1929]]
[[Plat]]ted in 1865,<ref name="bluebook"/> Baker City grew slowly in the beginning.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bailey|first=Barbara Ruth|title=Main Street: Northeastern Oregon|publisher=[[Oregon Historical Society]]|year=1982|isbn=0-87595-073-6|pages=20, 45}}</ref> A post office was established on March 27, 1866, but Baker City was not incorporated until 1874.<ref name="bluebook">{{cite web|title=Incorporated Cites: Baker City|work=Oregon Blue Book|publisher=Oregon Secretary of State|url=https://sos.oregon.gov/blue-book/Pages/local/cities/a-d/baker-city.aspx |access-date=2012-03-18}}</ref> Even so, it supplanted [[Auburn, Oregon|Auburn]] as the county seat in 1868.<ref name="1940 journey">{{cite web|author=Writers' Program of the [[Works Projects Administration]]|title= A 1940 Journey Across Oregon: Ontario to Baker|url=https://sos.oregon.gov/archives/exhibits/oregon-journey/Pages/ontario-baker.aspx|publisher=Oregon Secretary of State|work=Oregon State Archives|access-date=2012-03-19}}</ref> The city<ref name="bluebook"/> and county were named in honor of U.S. Senator Edward D. Baker, the only sitting senator to be killed in a military engagement. He died in 1861 while leading a charge of 1,700 [[Union Army]] soldiers up a ridge at [[Battle of Ball's Bluff|Ball's Bluff, Virginia]], during the [[American Civil War]].<ref>{{cite
The [[Oregon Short Line Railroad]] came to Baker City in 1884, prompting growth; by 1900 it was the largest city between Salt Lake City and Portland and a trading center for a broad region.<ref name="bluebook"/> In 1910, Baker City residents voted to shorten the name of the city to simply Baker, the name change becoming official in 1911; Another vote in 1989 restored the name to Baker City.<ref name="OGN">{{cite book|last=McArthur|first=Lewis A.|author-link=Lewis A. McArthur|author2=Lewis L. McArthur|author2-link=Lewis L. McArthur|title=[[Oregon Geographic Names]]|orig-date=1928|edition=7th|year=2003|publisher=[[Oregon Historical Society]] Press|location=[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]|isbn=0-87595-277-1|page=45}}</ref>
The establishment of the [[Oregon Lumber Company]] by [[Charles W. Nibley]], the creation of a lumber mill by [[David Eccles (businessman)|David Eccles]] on the [[North Powder River]], and the purchase of [[sugar beet]] farms led to the migration of Latter-day Saint families to the Baker area. The first [[Ward (LDS Church)#Branch|branch]] in Oregon was created in Baker City on July 23, 1893.
The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker]] was established on June 19, 1903, after which the [[Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral (Baker City, Oregon)|Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral]] was built in Baker City.<ref>In 1952, the name was changed to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker]].</ref> In 1918, Baker was the subject of national interest when the [[Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918|1918 solar eclipse]] took place and the [[U.S. Naval Observatory]] based its observations there.<ref name="popular">{{cite journal|last=Hammond|first=J.C.|title=The Naval Observatory eclipse expedition, June 8, 1918|journal=Popular Astronomy|year=1919|volume=27|issue=1|page=1|bibcode=1919PA.....27....1H}}</ref> The path of totality of [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]] included Baker City as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=NASA - Total Solar Eclipse of 2017 Aug 21|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEgoogle/SEgoogle2001/SE2017Aug21Tgoogle.html|publisher=NASA|access-date=2012-05-18}}</ref>▼
▲The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker]] was established on June 19, 1903, after which the [[Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral (Baker City, Oregon)|Saint Francis de Sales Cathedral]] was built in Baker City.<ref>In 1952, the name was changed to the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker]].</ref> In 1918, Baker was the subject of national interest when the [[Solar eclipse of June 8, 1918|1918 solar eclipse]] took place and the [[U.S. Naval Observatory]] based its observations there.<ref name="popular">{{cite journal|last=Hammond|first=J.C.|title=The Naval Observatory eclipse expedition, June 8, 1918|journal=Popular Astronomy|year=1919|volume=27|issue=1|page=1|bibcode=1919PA.....27....1H}}</ref> The path of totality of [[Solar eclipse of August 21, 2017|the solar eclipse of August 21, 2017]], included Baker City as well.<ref>{{cite web|title=NASA - Total Solar Eclipse of 2017 Aug 21|url=http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEgoogle/SEgoogle2001/SE2017Aug21Tgoogle.html|publisher=NASA|access-date=2012-05-18}}</ref>
One of its former councilors, Adam Nilsson, who also served for the Baker City Public Arts Commission,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/former-baker-city-councilor-sues-county-sheriff/article_4a39b96d-9149-5a56-8e17-825d9414f44f.html|title=Former Baker City Councilor sues county, sheriff|last=Jacoby|first=Jayson|date=September 13, 2019|website=Baker City Herald|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222223443/https://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/former-baker-city-councilor-sues-county-sheriff/article_4a39b96d-9149-5a56-8e17-825d9414f44f.html|archive-date=December 22, 2019|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref> was charged with criminal mischief for graffiti on August 1, 2017, while holding office. A police officer made connections through the tag "Provolotus" which has been found in graffiti complaints as well as on Nilsson's [[Instagram]] profile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bakercityherald.com/home/5563082-151/councilors-legal-trouble|title=Councilor's legal trouble|website=The Baker City Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/5545183-151/police-seize-paint-phone-from-nilsson|title=Police seize paint, phone from Nilsson|website=The Baker City Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> The graffiti was on a [[Baker County, Oregon|Baker County]] owned property when Nilsson and his friend Ashley E. Schroder were cited.<ref name=":0"/> Nilsson, who has pled guilty to spray painting graffiti at the Lime plant contends his constitutional rights were violated and has filed a $1.3 million lawsuit against Baker County and the county sheriff in August 2019. In this lawsuit, Nilsson wrote that he was negotiating with the artist, whose moniker is "Thrashbird" to obtain art as "public art" for Baker City.<ref name=":0"/>▼
▲One of its former councilors, Adam Nilsson, who also served for the Baker City Public Arts Commission,<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/former-baker-city-councilor-sues-county-sheriff/article_4a39b96d-9149-5a56-8e17-825d9414f44f.html|title=Former Baker City Councilor sues county, sheriff|last=Jacoby|first=Jayson|date=September 13, 2019|website=Baker City Herald|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191222223443/https://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/former-baker-city-councilor-sues-county-sheriff/article_4a39b96d-9149-5a56-8e17-825d9414f44f.html|archive-date=December 22, 2019|access-date=2019-12-22}}</ref> was charged with criminal mischief for graffiti on August 1, 2017, while holding office. A police officer made connections through the tag "Provolotus" which has been found in graffiti complaints as well as on Nilsson's [[Instagram]] profile.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bakercityherald.com/home/5563082-151/councilors-legal-trouble|title=Councilor's legal trouble|website=The Baker City Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/5545183-151/police-seize-paint-phone-from-nilsson|title=Police seize paint, phone from Nilsson|website=The Baker City Herald|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}</ref> The graffiti was on a [[Baker County, Oregon|Baker County]] owned property when Nilsson and his friend Ashley E. Schroder were cited.<ref name=":0"/> Nilsson, who has pled guilty to spray painting graffiti at the Lime plant contends his constitutional rights were violated and has filed a $1.3 million lawsuit against Baker County and the county sheriff in August 2019. In this lawsuit, Nilsson wrote that he was negotiating with the artist, whose moniker is "Thrashbird" to obtain art as "public art" for Baker City.<ref name=":0"/> By September 27, 2023, all claims by Nilsson were dismissed.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2023-09-28 |title=Jury concludes sheriff didn't violate former Baker City man's First Amendment rights in 2017 |url=https://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/jury-concludes-sheriff-didnt-violate-former-baker-city-mans-first-amendment-rights-in-2017/article_0d9b9e80-5dfe-11ee-89fe-eb2b05d5e139.html |access-date=2024-02-20 |website=Baker City Herald |language=en}}</ref>
In Spring 2023, the city council voted to remove mayor Beverly Calder as a result of an [[op-ed]] piece she had written in the ''[[Baker City Herald]]''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McKone |first=Shannon |date=2023-04-13 |title=Matthew Diaz takes reins as Mayor of Baker City after Beverly Calder voted out |url=https://elkhornmediagroup.com/matthew-diaz-takes-reins-as-mayor-of-baker-city-after-beverly-calder-voted-out/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Elkhorn Media Group |language=en-US}}</ref> She retained her seat on the city council but mayoralship was given to Matt Diaz. Diaz resigned in July, following a controversial anti-LGBTQ+ meme claiming he was moving out of town with the city council reinstating Calder as the city's mayor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Baker City mayor resigns weeks after posting anti-LGBTQ meme |url=https://www.opb.org/article/2023/07/12/baker-city-oregon-mayor-resigns-weeks-after-posting-anti-lgbtq-meme/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=opb |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Herald |first=BENTLEY FREEMAN Baker City |date=2023-08-08 |title=Beverly Calder returns to position as Baker City mayor |url=https://www.bakercityherald.com/news/local/beverly-calder-returns-to-position-as-baker-city-mayor/article_28d163ae-365f-11ee-8982-2f938ee87ffa.html |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Baker City Herald |language=en}}</ref>
Beginning in August additional city councilors began resigning their posts in August culminating in the entire city council, including Calder, resigning leaving all positions vacant.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hathaway |first=Joe |date=2023-08-15 |title=Guyer Resigns from City Council, City Accepting Applications |url=https://elkhornmediagroup.com/guyer-resigns-from-city-council-city-accepting-applications/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Elkhorn Media Group |language=en-US}}</ref> Before resigning, the three remaining city councilors in September made an attempt to appoint new people to fill the vacancies but they were not able to satisfy quorum requirements, after which they resigned in an attempt to force a special election but Oregon state law requires the vacancies to be filled by the county commissioners.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hathaway |first=Joe |date=2023-09-27 |title=Judge Rules that Baker City Council Cannot Fill Vacancies Without Quorum |url=http://elkhornmediagroup.com/judge-rules-that-baker-city-council-cannot-fill-vacancies-without-quorum/ |access-date=2023-09-30 |website=Elkhorn Media Group |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Government ==
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===Climate===
Baker City has a cool [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk''), with a large [[diurnal temperature variation]] most of the year, peaking at {{convert|39.3|F-change}} in August. July is generally the warmest month, with a normal mean temperature of {{convert|65.1|F}}.<ref name=NOWData/> The highest recorded temperature, {{convert|109|F|C}}, occurred on August 10, 2018 and August 2, 2024.<ref name=NOWData/> December is the coldest month, with a normal mean temperature of {{convert|28.6|F|C|1}}.<ref name=NOAA/> On December 23, 1983, the temperature fell to {{convert|
{{Weather box
|width=auto
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|2010= 9828
|2020= 10099
|footnote=Sources:<ref>Moffat, Riley. ''Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850–1990''.
}}
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 9,828 people, 4,212 households, and 2,529 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1,372.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 4,653 housing units at an average density of {{convert|674.3|/
There were 4,212 households, of which 24.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.1.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 33.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.85. In the city, the population was 23.7% under the age of 19, 5.0% from 20 to 24, 23.0% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 20.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males. In 2005, the median income for a household in the city was $29,020, and the median income for a family was $34,790. Males had a median income of $26,638 versus $20,313 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $14,179. About 10.7% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.1% of those under age 18 and 14.9% of those age 65 or over.
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==Sports and recreation==
The Baker City Cycling Classic is a set of bicycle races held in Baker City and the surrounding region.<ref>{{cite web|title=Baker City Cycling Classic|url=http://www.bakercitycycling.org/BCCC/Home.html|publisher=Baker City Cycling Classic|access-date=2012-03-20|archive-date=March 14, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314105338/http://www.bakercitycycling.org/BCCC/Home.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Similar bicycle races, the Elkhorn Classic, were based in Baker City through 2011.<ref>{{cite web|title=Elkhorn Classic|publisher=Oregon Bicycle Racing Association|url=http://obra.org/events/18400/results|date=2011-06-19|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref> The city hosts the [[Oregon School Activities Association]] Class 1A girls and boys basketball tournaments at [[Baker High School (Baker City, Oregon)|Baker High School]] in March.<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 1A Basketball State Championships |url=http://www.osaa.org/basketball/2012/1aschedule.pdf|publisher=Oregon School Activities Association|year=2012|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref>
The Oregon East−West Shrine Game (high school football) is held here in July.<ref>{{cite news|title=Shrine Game Caps High School Careers |url=http://democratherald.com/sports/community/article_9631db6e-bbff-11e0-8879-001cc4c002e0.html |work=Albany Herald-Democrat|date= 2011-07-31 |access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref> The Hell's Canyon Motorcycle Rally is also held in Baker City, in July.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hells Canyon Motorcycle Rally|url=http://www.hellscanyonrally.com/|publisher=Hells Canyon Motorcycle Rally|access-date=2012-03-20}}</ref>
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