Bolete: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added
I removed a deprecated source.
Citation bot (talk | contribs)
Altered url. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | #UCB_CommandLine
 
(One intermediate revision by one other user not shown)
Line 11:
The boletes are classified in the order [[Boletales]]. However, not all members of the order Boletales are boletes. The [[wikt:micromorphology|micromorphology]] and [[molecular phylogeny]] of the order Boletales have established that it also contains many [[agarics|gilled]], [[Scleroderma areolatum|puffball]], and other fruit body shapes. Examples of these fungi include [[Chroogomphus|''Croogomphus'']], ''[[Gomphidius]]'', ''[[Phylloporus]]'', ''[[Paxillus]], [[Tapinella (fungus)|Tapinella]],'' ''[[Hygrophoropsis]]'',<ref name=":1" /> and ''[[Scleroderma (fungus)|Scleroderma]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Genus Scleroderma (MushroomExpert.Com) |url=https://www.mushroomexpert.com/scleroderma.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.mushroomexpert.com}}</ref>
[[File:Parasitic Bolete - Pseudoboletus parasiticus (24094342608).jpg|alt=Pseudoboletus parasiticus mushrooms growing out of a Scleroderma citrinum mushroom|thumb|''Pseudoboletus parasiticus'' is a parasite to ''Scleroderma citrinum''.]]
The genus ''Boletus'' was originally broadly defined and described by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in 1753, containing all pored mushrooms.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Prasher |first=I.B |url=https://wwwbooks.google.com/books/edition/Wood_rotting_non_gilled_Agaricomycetes_o/eM7WCQAAQBAJ?hlid=en&gbpv=1eM7WCQAAQBAJ&dq=boletus+linnaeus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover |title=Wood-rotting non-gilled Agaricomycetes of Himalayas |publisher=Springer |year=2015 |isbn=9789401798563}}</ref> Since then, gradually other genera have been defined, such as ''[[Tylopilus]]'' by [[Petter Adolf Karsten|Karsten]] in 1881<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tylopilus felleus, Bitter Bolete mushroom |url=https://www.first-nature.com/fungi/tylopilus-felleus.php |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.first-nature.com}}</ref>, and old names such as ''[[Leccinum]]'' and ''[[Suillus]]'' resurrected or redefined.
 
Recently, the genus ''Boletus'' has been split up even more, creating new genera, such as ''[[Xerocomellus]]''<ref>{{Cite web |title=CZECH MYCOLOGY Czech Mycology 60(1): 29–62 <i>Xerocomus</i> s. l. in the light of the present state of knowledge. - abstract |url=http://www.czechmycology.org/doi/cmy.60104.php |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.czechmycology.org |language=en}}</ref> and ''[[Caloboletus]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Vizzini A. |title=Nomenclatural novelties |journal=Index Fungorum |issue=146 |date=10 June 2014 |issn=2049-2375 |pages=1–2 |url=http://www.indexfungorum.org/Publications/Index%20Fungorum%20no.146.pdf}}</ref>
 
== Ecology ==
Most boletes are [[Mycorrhiza|mycorrhizal]] and are generally found in woodlands.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Boletes (MushroomExpert.Com) |url=https://www.mushroomexpert.com/boletes.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.mushroomexpert.com}}</ref> There is also a parasitic bolete, ''[[Pseudoboletus parasiticus|]]''Pseudoboletus parasiticus'']], which grows on ''[[Scleroderma citrinum]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parasitic Bolete {{!}} NatureSpot |url=https://www.naturespot.org.uk/species/parasitic-bolete |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.naturespot.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pseudoboletus parasiticus (MushroomExpert.Com) |url=https://www.mushroomexpert.com/pseudoboletus_parasiticus.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.mushroomexpert.com}}</ref> Another parasitic bolete is ''[[Buchwaldoboletus lignicola|]]''Buchwaldoboletus lignicola'']], which is a parasite to ''[[Phaeolus schweinitzii|]]''Phaeolus schweinitzii'']], the dyer's polypore.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Initiative |first=The Global Fungal Red List |title=Buchwaldoboletus lignicola |url=https://redlist.info/iucn/species_view/327206/ |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=redlist.info |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Satans-Röhrling Boletus satanas.jpg|alt=Two Satan's boletes on the forest floor, one knocked over, red pores showing.|thumb|Satan's bolete (''Rubroboletus satanas)'' is a very poisonous mushroom.]]
Boletes are susceptible to infection by the fungus ''[[Hypomyces chrysospermus]]'', also known as the bolete eater.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hypomyces chrysospermus (MushroomExpert.Com) |url=https://www.mushroomexpert.com/hypomyces_chrysospermus.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.mushroomexpert.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Arora |first=David |title=Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi |date=1986 |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=978-0-89815-170-1 |edition=2nd |location=Berkeley}}</ref>
Line 22:
 
== Edibility ==
Many boletes, such as the porcini ''([[Boletus edulis]])'', are edible and considered a delicacy.<ref name=":0" /> However, other boletes, such as ''[[Suillus]]'' and ''[[Xerocomellus]]'' are considered edible, but not choice.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Stevens |first=Michael Wood & Fred |title=California Fungi: Xerocomellus dryophilus |url=http://www.mykoweb.com/CAF/species/Xerocomellus_dryophilus.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=www.mykoweb.com}}</ref> Some boletes, such as ''[[Caloboletus]]'' and ''[[Tylopilus]]'' are too bitter to eat.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |lastlast1=Schwarz |firstfirst1=Christian |title=Mushrooms of the redwood coast: a comprehensive guide to the fungi of coastal northern California |last2=Siegel |first2=Noah |date=2016 |publisher=Ten Speed Press |isbn=978-1-60774-817-5 |location=Berkeley}}</ref> Other boletes, such as ones in the ''[[Rubroboletus]]'' genus, such as Satan's bolete (''[[Rubroboletus satanas|]]''Rubroboletus satanas'']]) are dangerously poisonous.<ref name=":1" /> Most poisonous boletes have red pores.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Boletus edulis - Mushrooms Up! Edible and Poisonous Species of Coastal BC and the Pacific Northwest |url=https://explore.beatymuseum.ubc.ca/mushroomsup/B_edulis.html |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=explore.beatymuseum.ubc.ca |language=en}}</ref>
 
==External links==