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{{Short description|
| name = Vyachko
'''Vyachko'''<ref>{{cite book |title=The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources |date=22 May 2017 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-34121-0 |page=377 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Uses_of_the_Bible_in_Crusader_Source/L9YkDwAAQBAJ?hl=en |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Foreword to the Past |last=Bojtár |first=Endre |year=1999 |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=978-963-9116-42-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aoId7nA4bsC&pg=PA125 }}</ref> ({{lang-ru|Вячко}}; died 1224; also ''Vyacheslav'')<ref name="Selart">{{cite book |last1=Selart |first1=Anti |title=Livonia, Rus’ and the Baltic Crusades in the Thirteenth Century |date=31 March 2015 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-28475-3 |page=71 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Livonia_Rus_and_the_Baltic_Crusades_in_t/dHu9BwAAQBAJ?hl=en |language=en}}</ref> or '''Vetseke'''<ref>{{cite book |title=The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia |last=Brundage |first=James |year=2003 |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-12888-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtRs1QecqIsC&pg=PA68 |page=52 }}</ref> was the ruler of the [[Principality of Koknese]] (Kuikenos).<ref>{{cite book |last1=Curtin |first1=Jeremiah |title=The Mongols in Russia |date=1908 |publisher=Little Brown |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N7kNAAAAIAAJ |language=en}}</ref> He later became the prince of [[Tartu|Yuryev]] (Dorpat) while in the service of [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorod]],<ref name="Selart"/> which was the last Russian stronghold in Estonia.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=Alan V. |title=The Clash of Cultures on the Medieval Baltic Frontier |date=5 December 2016 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-89260-5 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Clash_of_Cultures_on_the_Medieval_Ba/IKOoDQAAQBAJ?hl=en |language=en}}</ref> He died during the [[Siege of Tartu (1224)|defense of the city]] against the [[Livonian Brothers of the Sword]] in 1224.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rogers |first1=Clifford J. |title=The Oxford Encyclopedia of Medieval Warfare and Military Technology |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-533403-6 |page=346 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Oxford_Encyclopedia_of_Medieval_Warf/mzwpq6bLHhMC?hl=en |language=en}}</ref>▼
| title = {{plainlist|Prince of [[Principality of Koknese|Koknese]]
* ''Prince of [[Tartu|Yuryev]]''
}}
| image = Vyachko.jpg
| caption = Monument to Vyachko (right) in [[Tartu]], [[Republic of Estonia|Estonia]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 15 August 1224
| death_place = [[Tartu|Yuryev]]
| father =
| occupation =
| reign1 = Until 1224
}}
▲'''Vyachko'''<ref>{{cite book |title=The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources |date=22 May 2017 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-34121-0 |page=377 |url=https://
==Origins==
Vetseke may have been the equivalent to the Russian Vyachko (a shortened form of [[Vyacheslav]]).<ref name="Murray">{{cite book |last1=Murray |first1=Alan V. |title=The Clash of Cultures on the Medieval Baltic Frontier |date=2009 |publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. |isbn=978-0-7546-6483-3 |page=235 |url=https://
The ''Chronicle'' says that the population of [[Koknese]] (Kokenhusen) included [[Balts]] ([[Latgallians]] and [[Selonians]]) and a Germanic colony, as well as some Slavic peoples.<ref>{{cite book |title=Latvijas vēsture 1180–1290: Krustakari |last=Šterns |first=Indriķis |year=2002 |publisher=Latvijas vēstures institūta apgāds |language=lv |location=Riga |isbn=9984-601-88-9 |oclc=53125658 |page=182 }} On the Baltic population of Koknese, cf. Brundage, ''op. cit.'', p. 78f.</ref>
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Although his principality is believed to have been subject to Polotsk, this did nothing to help him withstand either the Knights’ nor the Lithuanians’ pressure. According to the Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, it was indeed in return for protection against the Lithuanians that Vetseke offered half of his land and the fort to Albert in 1205 (''...offerens sibi terre et castri sui medietatem''). Albert accepted the offer and promised to send Vetseke weapons and men.<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). 1982. ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' p. 70. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.</ref>
In 1208, Koknese was captured by the Livonians of [[Lielvārde]] in retaliation of Vetseke’s raids. Vetseke and all his wealth were captured and the king himself cast in chains. However, Daniel, the knight of Lielvārde (''Danielus de Lenewarde''), upon hearing the news of Vetseke’s capture immediately notified bishop Albert<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). 1982. ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' p. 80. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.</ref> who then
After sending Vetseke back to Koknese bishop Albert prepared to leave on a customary annual trip to Germany in order to recruit new crusaders to replace the ones whose pilgrimage was completed. Knowing that only a few defenders had remained in Riga, Vetseke had the support troops and artisans sent by Albert murdered and then
Meanwhile the leaving crusader army had been detained in [[Dünamünde]] by a contrary wind. After receiving word of
The crusaders, being deprived of the opportunity to gather loot in Koknese, took revenge on the local Latvian population by killing many Latgallians and Selonians who had fled to the woods.<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). 1982. ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' p. 84. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.</ref> By 1209, Koknese had been taken over by the Order and the formal sovereignty of Polotsk was finally revoked in 1215.
==Vetseke's death in Tartu==
In 1223, there was a general anti-crusader uprising in all of mainland Estonia. After the German garrisons had been killed the Estonians took over all the fortresses. In order to secure their initial military success, mercenary troops were invited from Novgorod and Pskov and stationed in several key fortresses such as [[Viljandi]] and [[Tartu]].<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). 1982. ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' p. 234. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.</ref>
[[File:The death of Vyachko.jpg|left|thumb|The death of Vyachko]]
Vetseke, who had lost his earlier dominions to the crusaders and Livonians, was given money and two hundred men by the Novgorod Republic so that he could establish himself in ''Tarbatu'' (present-day Tartu) or any other place ''"that he could conquer for himself"''.<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). 1982. ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' p. 242. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.</ref> In Russian historiography this payment for military help has been interpreted as the Estonians subjugating themselves to Vetseke and paying him tax. [[Soviet historiography]] claimed that the "Russian-Estonian cooperation" in the defense of Tartu "against common enemy – the German colonizers" – was a sign of "friendship between the two brotherly nations".
By 1224, Tartu remained the last centre of anti-crusader resistance in south Estonia. In addition to the local [[Ugandi]], many fighters from [[Sakala County|Sakala]] and other neighboring provinces had gathered there (''"vicinas omnes provincias"''). After Easter the crusaders laid siege to Tartu but were forced to leave after only five days of fighting. The bishops sent a delegation to Vetseke and asked him to give up the
On August 15, 1224, the crusader army, reinforced with a large number of Christian Latvian and Livonian troops, returned with all its might to Tarbatu. The second siege of Tartu in 1224 lasted many days and nights. Vetseke and his 200 troops were again offered free passage through the crusader camp, but Vetseke, expecting a relief army from Novgorod, refused. When the fortress finally fell, all the survivors inside, including women, were killed in the final onslaught. According to the ''Chronicle of Henry of Livonia'' Vetseke along with his Russian mercenaries tried to put up resistance in one of the fortifications, but were all dragged out and killed. Of all the people in the fortress, only one Russian was left alive. He was given a good horse and sent back to Novgorod. The relief troops from Novgorod had already reached [[Pskov]] when they received the news from Tartu whereupon they decided to cancel the expedition and make peace with the Germans.<ref>Tarvel, Enn (ed.). 1982. ''Henriku Liivimaa kroonika. Heinrici Chronicon Livoniae.'' p. 248-254. Tallinn: Eesti Raamat.</ref>
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