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| logo_filename=Southern Pacific Lines (logo).png
| logo_size= 150
| founders= [[William Tell Coleman]]<br>[[Timothy Guy Phelps]]<br>[[William Rosecrans]]<br>[[Leland Stanford]]
| marks=SP
| locale=[[Arizona]], [[Arkansas]], [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Illinois]], [[Kansas]], [[Louisiana]], [[Missouri]], [[Nevada]], [[New Mexico]], [[Oklahoma]], [[Oregon]], [[Tennessee]], [[Texas]], [[Utah]]
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==History==
{{mainbroader|History of the Southern Pacific}}
The original Southern Pacific Railroad was founded in [[San Francisco]] in 1865, Southernby Pacifica Railroadgroup of businessmen led by [[Timothy Guy Phelps|Timothy Phelps]] with the aim of building a rail connection between San Francisco and [[San Diego, California]]. The company was foundedpurchased asin September 1868 by a landgroup holdingof companybusinessmen known as the [[Big Four (Central Pacific Railroad)|Big Four]]: [[Charles Crocker]], [[Leland Stanford]], [[Mark Hopkins, Jr.]] and [[Collis Potter Huntington|C. P. Huntington]]. The Big Four had, in 18651861, created the [[Central Pacific Railroad]] (CPRR)<ref>{{Cite web |last=R |first=Miriam |date=2020-07-31 |title=Moments in History: Leland Stanford, 1824-1893 and Jane Stanford, 1828-1905 |url=https://paloaltohistorymuseum.org/moments-in-history-leland-stanford-1824-1893-jane-stanford-1828-1905/ |access-date=2024-07-10 |website=Palo Alto History Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> It later acquiringacquired the [[Central Pacific Railroad]] in 1885 through leasing.<ref>{{Harvp|Yenne|1996|p=29}}.</ref><ref>{{Harvp|Yenne|1996|p=51}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |author=Farmer, Jared |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/889889389 |title=Trees in paradise : a California history |date=2013 |publisher=Norton |isbn=978-0-393-07802-2 |oclc=889889389}}</ref> By 1900, the Southern Pacific system was a major railroad system incorporating many smaller companies, such as the [[Texas and New Orleans Railroad]] and [[Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad]]. It extended from [[New Orleans]] through [[Texas]] to [[El Paso]], across [[New Mexico]] and through [[Tucson, Arizona|Tucson]], to [[Los Angeles]], through most of [[California]], including [[San Francisco]] and [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]]. Central Pacific lines extended east across [[Nevada]] to [[Ogden, Utah]], and reached north through [[Oregon]] to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]]. Other subsidiaries eventually included the [[St. Louis Southwestern Railway]] (Cotton Belt, reporting marks SSW), [[El Paso and Southwestern Railroad]], the [[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]] at {{convert|328|mi|km}}, the {{convert|1331|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico]], and a variety of {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] routes.
 
the [[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]] at {{convert|328|mi|km}}, the {{convert|1331|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico]], and a variety of {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] routes. The SP was the defendant in the landmark 1886 [[United States Supreme Court]] case ''[[Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad]]'', which is often interpreted as having established certain [[corporation|corporate rights]] under the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]]. The Southern Pacific Railroad was replaced by the Southern Pacific Company and assumed the railroad operations of the Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1929, Southern Pacific/Texas and New Orleans operated 13,848 route-miles not including Cotton Belt, whose purchase of the Golden State Route circa 1980 nearly doubled its size to {{convert|3085|mi|km}}, bringing total SP/SSW mileage to around {{convert|13508|mi|km}}.▼
The SP was known for its mammoth back shops at [[Sacramento, California]], which was one of the few in the country equipped to design and build locomotives on a large scale. Sacramento was among the top ten largest shops in the US, occupying 200 acres of land with dozens of buildings and an average employment of 3,000, peaking at 7,000 during World War II. Other major shop sites were located at [[Ogden, Utah]]; [[Houston, Texas]]; and [[Algiers, New Orleans]]. After the 1906 earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco, including the SP shops there, new shops and yards were built six miles south of the city at Bayshore. The Alhambra Shops in [[Los Angeles]] consisted of 10 buildings and employed 1,500 but declined in importance when the Taylor Yard was built in 1930.<ref>* {{cite book| title=The Back Shop Illustrated, Volume 3: Southeast and Western Regions| author=Starr, Timothy| year=2024| publisher=Privately printed}}</ref>
 
The SP was the defendant in the landmark 1886 [[United States Supreme Court]] case ''[[Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad]]'', which is often interpreted as having established certain [[corporation|corporate rights]] under the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]].
 
▲the [[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]] at {{convert|328|mi|km}}, the {{convert|1331|mi|km|adj=on}} [[Southern Pacific Railroad of Mexico]], and a variety of {{RailGauge|3ft|lk=on}} [[Narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge]] routes. The SP was the defendant in the landmark 1886 [[United States Supreme Court]] case ''[[Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad]]'', which is often interpreted as having established certain [[corporation|corporate rights]] under the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]]. The Southern Pacific Railroad was replaced by the Southern Pacific Company and assumed the railroad operations of the Southern Pacific Railroad. In 1929, Southern Pacific/Texas and New Orleans operated 13,848 route-miles not including Cotton Belt, whose purchase of the Golden State Route circa 1980 nearly doubled its size to {{convert|3085|mi|km}}, bringing total SP/SSW mileage to around {{convert|13508|mi|km}}. The T&NO was fully merged into the SP in 1961.
 
[[File:SP 6453 EB Floriston PRS spc Feb 1971.jpg|thumb|left|An [[EMD FP7]] leads a Pacific Rail Society Special through [[Floriston, California]], in February 1971.]]
In 1969, the Southern Pacific Transportation Company was established and took over the Southern Pacific Company; this Southern Pacific railroad is the last incarnation and was at times called "Southern Pacific Industries", though "Southern Pacific Industries" is not the official name of the company. By the 1980s, route mileage had dropped to {{convert|10423|mi|km}}, mainly due to the pruning of branch lines. On October 13, 1988, the Southern Pacific Transportation Company (including its subsidiary, St. Louis Southwestern Railway) was taken over by [[Rio Grande Industries]], the parent company that controlled the [[Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad]] (reporting marks D&RGW). Rio Grande Industries did not merge the Southern Pacific Transportation Company and the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad together, but transferred direct ownership of the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad to the Southern Pacific Transportation Company, allowing the combined Rio Grande Industries railroad system to use the Southern Pacific name due to its brand recognition in the railroad industry and with customers of both the Southern Pacific Transportation Company and the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. A long time Southern Pacific subsidiary, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway was also marketed under the Southern Pacific name. Along with the addition of the SPCSL Corporation route from Chicago to St. Louis, the former mainline of the [[Chicago, Missouri and Western Railroad]] that once belonged to the [[Alton Railroad]], the total length of the D&RGW/SP/SSW system was {{convert|15959|mi|km}}. Rio Grande Industries was later renamed [[Southern Pacific Rail Corporation]].
 
By 1996, years of financial problems had dropped Southern Pacific's mileage to {{convert|13715|mi|km}}. The financial problems caused the Southern Pacific Transportation Company to be taken over by the [[Union Pacific Corporation]]; the parent Southern Pacific Rail Corporation (formerly Rio Grande Industries), the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway and the SPCSL Corporation waswere also taken over by the Union Pacific Corporation. The Union Pacific Corporation merged the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, the St. Louis Southwestern Railway and the SPCSL Corporation into their [[Union Pacific Railroad]] but did not merge the Southern Pacific Transportation Company into the Union Pacific Railroad. Instead, the Union Pacific Corporation merged the Union Pacific Railroad into the Southern Pacific Transportation Company on February 1, 1998; the Southern Pacific Transportation Company became the surviving railroad and at the same time the Union Pacific Corporation renamed the Southern Pacific Transportation Company to Union Pacific Railroad. Thus, the Southern Pacific Transportation Company became, and is still operating as, the current incarnation of the Union Pacific Railroad.
 
{{Panorama
Line 42 ⟶ 47:
|width =
|alt = Map of the Southern United States with a railroad line
|caption = G. W. & C. B. Colton, ''Map Showing the Line of the True Southern Pacific Railway'', circashowing the planned trajectory in {{circa|1881}}. The [[Coast Line (SP)|Coast Line]] in California was originally planned to run via [[Coalinga]], though the company's eventual west coast route would differ from this.
|dir =
|align = center
Line 70 ⟶ 75:
=== List of locomotives used ===
 
==== Steam locomotives<ref>{{cite web | url=http://espee.railfan.net/sp_steam-index.html | title=Southern Pacific Steam Locomotive Index }}</ref> ====
==== Steam locomotives ====
 
* [[2-8-0T.D. Judah]] Consolidation- {{whyte|4-2-2}}
* [[C.P. Huntington]] - {{whyte|4-2-4T}}
* [[2-8-2]] Mikado
* E class {{whyte|4-4-0}} - Eight Wheeler/American (various (inc. [[Gov. Stanford]], [[Jupiter (locomotive)|Jupiter]], [[Leviathan (locomotive)|Leviathan]]))
* [[4-4-2 (locomotive)|4-4-2]] Atlantic
* A class {{whyte|4-4-2}} - Atlantic (A-1 – A-6)
* [[4-6-2]] Pacific – see [[Southern Pacific 2472|SP 2472]]▼
* S class {{whyte|0-6-0}} - Switcher (S-1 – S-22)
* [[4-8-2]] Mountain – see [[Southern Pacific Mt-5|SP Mt-5]]▼
* [[4M class {{whyte|2-86-4]]0}} Golden- State/GeneralMogul Service(M-1 – seeM-4 ([[Southern Pacific 44491673|SP 44491673]]), M-6 ([[Southern Pacific 1744|SP 1744]]) – M-22)
* Pr class {{whyte|2-6-2}} - Prairie (Pr-1)
* [[2-8-8-4]]
* MM/AM-class {{whyte|2-6-6-2}}/{{whyte|4-6-6-2}} - [[Cab forward]] [[Mallet locomotive|Mallet]]/[[Articulated locomotive|Articulated]] Mogul (MM-1, [[Southern Pacific class MM-2|MM-2]]/[[Southern Pacific class AM-2|AM-2]], MM-3; Convention on the SP was that Mallet referred to compound expansion, while Articulated referred to simple expansion.)
* [[4-8-8-2]] Cab Forward Articulated
* T class {{whyte|4-6-0}} - Ten Wheeler ([[4Southern Pacific Class T-101|T-21]] – T-31 ([[Southern Pacific -2353|SP see2353]], [[Southern Pacific 50212355|SP 50212355]]) – T-58)
* P class {{whyte|4-6-2}} - Pacific (P-1 – [[Southern Pacific Class P-8|P-8]] ([[Southern Pacific 2467|SP 2467]], [[Southern Pacific 2472|SP 2472]]) – P-10 ([[Southern Pacific 2479|SP 2479]]) – P-14)
* [[4-6-0]] Ten Wheeler
* Se class {{whyte|0-8-0}} - Switcher (Se-1 – Se-4)
'''Narrow Gauge Locomotives'''▼
* C class {{whyte|2-8-0}} - Consolidation (C-1 – C-8 ([[Southern Pacific 2706|SP 2706]], [[Southern Pacific 2718|SP 2718]]), C-9 ([[Southern Pacific 2579|SP 2579]]) – C-32)
* Mk class {{whyte|2-8-2}} - Mikado (Mk-2, Mk-4, Mk-5 ([[Southern Pacific 745|SP 745]], [[Southern Pacific 786|SP 786]]) – Mk-11;
* MC/AC class - {{whyte|2-8-8-2}}/{{whyte|4-8-8-2}} - Cab Forward Mallet/Articulated Consolidation ([[Southern Pacific class MC-1|MC-1]]/[[Southern Pacific class AC-1|AC-1]], [[Southern Pacific class MC-2|MC-2]]/[[Southern Pacific class AC-2|AC-2]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-3|AC-3]], [[Southern Pacific class MC-4|MC-4]]/[[Southern Pacific class AC-4|AC-4]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-5|AC-5]], [[Southern Pacific class MC-6|MC-6]]/[[Southern Pacific class AC-6|AC-6]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-7|AC-7]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-8|AC-8]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-10|AC-10]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-11|AC-11]], [[Southern Pacific class AC-12|AC-12]] ([[Southern Pacific 4294|SP 4294]]))
* [[Southern Pacific class AC-9|AC-9]] - {{whyte|2-8-8-4}} - Yellowstone/Articulated Consolidation
* TW-class {{whyte|4-8-0}} - Twelve Wheeler ([[Mastodon (steam locomotive)|Mastodon]], TW-1 – TW-8)
▲* [[Mt-class {{whyte|4-8-2]]}} - Mountain (Mt-1 – see [[Southern Pacific Mt-5|SP Mt-5]])
* GS-class {{whyte|4-8-4}} - Golden State/General Service (([[Southern Pacific class GS-1|GS-1]], [[Southern Pacific class GS-2|GS-2]], [[Southern Pacific class GS-3|GS-3]], [[Southern Pacific class GS-4|GS-4]] ([[Southern Pacific 4449|SP 4449]]), [[Southern Pacific class GS-5|GS-5]], [[Southern Pacific class GS-6|GS-6]] ([[Southern Pacific 4460|SP 4460]]), [[Southern Pacific class GS-7|GS-7]], [[Southern Pacific class GS-8|GS-8]])
* D-class {{whyte|2-10-0}} - Decapod (D-1)
* F-class {{whyte|2-10-2}} - Fourteen Wheeler (F-1 ([[Southern Pacific 975|SP 975]], [[Southern Pacific 982|SP 982]]) – F-5; Usually called the Santa Fe, but since the [[ATSF]] was SP's primary rival, they refused to use the name.)
* [[El Gobernador]] - {{whyte|4-10-0}}
* SP-class {{whyte|4-10-2}} - Southern Pacific (SP-1 ([[Southern Pacific 5021|SP 5021]]))
 
▲'''Narrow Gauge Locomotives'''
* [[4-6-0]] Ten Wheeler - See [[Southern Pacific 18|SP 18]]
▲* [[{{whyte|4-6-2]]0}} PacificTen –Wheeler - seeSee [[Southern Pacific 247218|SP 247218]]
 
==== Diesel locomotives ====
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[ALCO PA]]
* [[ALCO RSD-15]]
* [[Baldwin AS-616|BLW AS-616]]
* [[EMC E2]]
* [[EMD E7]]
Line 110 ⟶ 129:
* [[EMD GP7]] {{refn|[[St. Louis Southwestern Railway|SSW]] only|group=note|name=stlouis}}
* [[EMD GP9]]
* [[EMD GP9R]]
* [[Southern Pacific GP9E and GP9R|EMD GP9E]]
* [[EMD SD7]]
* [[EMD SD7R]]
* [[EMD SD9]]
* [[EMD SD9E]]
* [[GE P30CH]] {{refn|leased from [[Amtrak]]|group=note|name=amtrak}}
* [[EMD SD40M-2]]
Line 134 ⟶ 157:
* [[EMD SD45]]
* [[EMD SD45T-2]]
* [[EMD SD45T-2R]]
* [[EMD SD40T-2]]
* [[EMD SD40R]]
* [[EMD SD70M]]
* [[Southern Pacific 7399|EMD SD44R]]
{{div col end}}
 
Line 154 ⟶ 179:
* ''Coast Mail''
* ''Coaster''
* ''Coos Bay Limited''
* ''[[Del Monte (train)|Del Monte]]''
* ''Fast Mail''
Line 169 ⟶ 195:
* '''''[[Peninsula Commute]]''''' {{refn|operated until 1985, now [[Caltrain]]|group=note|name=penin}}
** ''Loop Service''
* ''[[Rogue River (train)|Rogue River]]''
* ''[[Sacramento Daylight]]''
* ''[[Challenger (train)|San Francisco Challenger]]'' {{refn|operated jointly with the [[Chicago and North Western Railway]] and the [[Union Pacific Railroad]]|group=note|name=challeng}}
Line 202 ⟶ 228:
* On 17&nbsp;September 1963, a Southern Pacific freight train [[Chualar bus crash|crashed]] into an illegally converted bus at a grade crossing in [[Chualar, California]], killing 32 [[Bracero program|bracero]] workers. It would later be a factor in the decision by Congress in 1964 to terminate the bracero program, despite its strong support among farmers. It also helped spur the Chicano civil rights movement.<ref name="Flores"/><ref name="Martin">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3xpJsKX_bWgC&q=Chualar | title=Promise Unfulfilled: Unions, Immigration, and the Farm Workers | publisher=ILR Press | author=Martin, Philip L. | year=2003 | page=50 | isbn=0801488753}}</ref> As of 2014, it was the deadliest automobile accident in United States history, according to the [[National Safety Council]]<ref name="Flores">{{cite journal | title=A Town Full of Dead Mexicans: The Salinas Valley Bracero Tragedy of 1963, the End of the Bracero Program, and the Evolution of California's Chicano Movement | author=Flores, Lori A. | journal=The Western Historical Quarterly |date=Summer 2013 | volume=44 | issue=2 | pages=124–143 | doi=10.2307/westhistquar.44.2.0124}}</ref><ref name="Herald-2014">{{cite news|url=http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_25256461/second-survivor-1963-chualar-bus-crash-emerges |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006131423/http://www.montereyherald.com/news/ci_25256461/second-survivor-1963-chualar-bus-crash-emerges |archive-date=2014-10-06 |title=Second survivor of 1963 Chualar bus crash emerges |work=Monterey Herald |date=March 1, 2014 |access-date=5 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 28&nbsp;April 1973, a Southern Pacific freight train carrying munitions [[1973 Roseville Yard Disaster|exploded]] in Roseville Yard injuring 52 people, the cause of this was due to a hot box on a railcar setting the floor ablaze, heating a bomb until it detonated.<ref>{{cite news| title=Freight train blasts shock area| url=https://www.sacbee.com/news/local/history/article145902054.html| last=Berthelsen| first=John| date=29 April 1973| newspaper=Sacramento Bee| access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>
* On 12&nbsp;May 1989, a Southern Pacific train carrying trona [[San Bernardino train disaster|derailed]] in [[San Bernardino, California]]. The train failed to slow while descending a nearby slope, and sped up to about {{convert|110|mph|km/h}} before derailing, causing the [[San Bernardino train disaster]]. The crash destroyed 7&nbsp;homes along Duffy Street and killed 2&nbsp;train workers and 2&nbsp;residents. Thirteen days later on 25&nbsp;May 1989, an underground pipeline running along the right-of-way ruptured and caught fire due to damage done to the pipeline during clean-up from the derailment or from the derailment itself, destroying 11&nbsp;more homes and killing 2&nbsp;more people.<ref>{{cite news| title=3 Die as Runaway Train Tumbles Onto Homes| url=httphttps://articleswww.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-05-13/news/-mn-2629_1_runaway2629-freight-six-locomotives-freight-hitsstory.html| last1=Malnic| firstfirst1=Eric| last2=Warren| first2=Jennifer| date=13 May 1989| newspaper=Los Angeles Times| access-date=30 December 2018}}</ref>
 
[[File:Cantara Loop 1.jpg|thumb|Site of the 1991 spill. The guardrail on the left was constructed after the spill.]]
Line 217 ⟶ 243:
*[[Southern Pacific 1518|1518]] ([[EMD SD7]]), former EMD demonstrator 990 and first SD7 built, located at the [[Illinois Railway Museum]], [[Union, Illinois]]
*[[Southern Pacific 1744|1744]] (M-6, [[2-6-0]]), components slowly being gathered at [[Brightside, California]] for a restoration to operating condition on the [[Niles Canyon Railway]].
*[[Southern Pacific 2248|2248]] ''Puffy'' ([[Southern Pacific Class T-1|T-1]], [[4-6-0]]), operated by the [[Grapevine Vintage Railroad]], but is currently pending for a 1,472-day overhaul required by the [[Federal Railroad Administration|FRA]] in [[Grapevine, Texas]].
*[[Southern Pacific 2353|2353]] (T-31, [[4-6-0]]), on display at the [[Pacific Southwest Railway Museum]] in [[Campo, California]].
*[[Southern Pacific 2467|2467]] ([[Southern Pacific classClass P-8|P-8]], [[4-6-2]]), on loan by the [[Pacific Locomotive Association]], [[Fremont, California]] to the [[California State Railroad Museum]]
*[[Southern Pacific 2472|2472]] ([[Southern Pacific classClass P-8|P-8]], [[4-6-2]]), owned and operated by the [[Golden Gate Railroad Museum]], [[Redwood City, California]]
*[[Southern Pacific 2479|2479]] ([[Southern Pacific class P-10|P-10]], [[4-6-2]]), owned and being restored by the [[California Trolley and Railroad Corporation]], [[San Jose, California]]
*[[Southern Pacific 3100|3100 (former SP6800 Bicentennial)]], U25B owned and operated by the Orange Empire Railway Museum,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oerm.org|title=Orange Empire Railway Museum – Bringing Southern California's Railway History to Life.}}</ref> Perris, CA
Line 313 ⟶ 339:
;General
{{refbegin}}
* {{citeCite book |last=Beale |first=Edwin I. |yearurl=1907http://archive.org/stream/highwaysbywaysof00beal#page/56/mode/1up |title=Highways & Byways of the Virginia Peninsula |location=Newport News, Virginia |publisher=E. I. Beale |lccnyear=070096021907 |urllocation=http://archive.org/stream/highwaysbywaysof00beal#page/56/mode/1upNewport News, Virginia |lccn=07009602}}
* {{citeCite book |last=Beebe |first=Lucius |author-link=Lucius Beebe |year=1963 |title=The Central Pacific and The Southern Pacific Railroads |location=Berkeley, California |publisher=Howell-North Books |year=1963 |isbn=0-8310-7034-X |location=Berkeley, California}}
*{{citeCite web |last=Colton |first=T. |date=May 2, 2014 |title=Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News VA |publisher=ShipbuildingHistory |date=May 2, 2014 |url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/active/newportnews.htm |access-date=23 February 2015 |ref={{sfnref|ShipbuildingHistory: Newport News Shipbuilding}} |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026024758/http://shipbuildinghistory.com/history/shipyards/2large/active/newportnews.htm |archive-date=26 October 2014 |access-date=23 February 2015 |publisher=ShipbuildingHistory |ref={{sfnref|ShipbuildingHistory: Newport News Shipbuilding}}}}
* {{citeCite book |last=Cooper |first=Bruce C. |year=2005 |url=http://cprr.org/Museum/Riding_the_Rails_Intro.html |title=Riding the Transcontinental Rails: Overland Travel on the Pacific Railroad 1865–1881 |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Polyglot Press |year=2005 |isbn=1-4115-9993-4 |location=Philadelphia}}
* {{citeCite book |editor1-last=Cooper |editor1-first=Bruce Clement |year=2010 |title=The Classic Western American Railroad Routes |location=New York |publisher=Chartwell Books/Worth Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-7858-2573-9 |editor-last=Cooper |editor-first=Bruce Clement |location=New York |id=BINC: 3099794}}
* {{citeCite book |last=Coscia |first=David |year=2018 |title=Southern Pacific in the San Fernando Valley 1876-1996 |location=Bellflower |publisher=Shade Tree Books |isbnyear=978-0-93-074253-82018 |location=Bellflower, CA |oclc=1056109826}}
* {{Cite book |last=Daggett, |first=Stuart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbooAAAAYAAJ ''|title=Chapters on the History of the Southern Pacific'' (|year=1922)}} [https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=GbooAAAAYAAJ online].{{endash}} detailed history
* {{citeCite book |last=Darton |first=D. H. |year=1933 |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/bul/845/index.htm |title=Guidebook of the Western United States; Part F. The Southern Pacific Lines, New Orleans to Los Angeles. |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1933 |series=Geological Survey Bulletin 845 |location=Washington (D.C.) |publisher=Government Printing Office}}
* [{{Cite book |last=Darton |first=D.H. |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/geology/publications/bul/845/index.htm Darton, D.H. ''|title=Guidebook of the Western United States; Part F. The Southern Pacific Lines, New Orleans to Los Angeles.'' |publisher=Government Printing Office |year=1933 |series=Geological Survey Bulletin |volume=845. |location=Washington (D.C.): Government Printing Office, 1933.]DC}}
* {{citeCite book |last1=Diebert |first1=Timothy S. |last2=Strapac |first2=Joseph A. |name-list-style=amp |year=1987 |title=Southern Pacific Company steam locomotive compendium |locationlast2=HuntingtonStrapac Beach,|first2=Joseph CaliforniaA. |publisher=Shade Tree Books |year=1987 |isbn=0-930742-12-5 |location=Huntington Beach, California |oclc=18401969 |name-list-style=amp}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hofsommer, |first=Donovan; ''|title=The Southern Pacific, 1901–1985''. |publisher=Texas A&M University Press; (|year=1986) {{ISBN|isbn=9781603441278}}.
* {{Cite journal |last=Hofsommer, |first=Don L. "|year=1988 |title=Rivals for California: The Great Northern and the Southern Pacific, 1905–1931." ''|journal=Montana: The Magazine of Western History'' |volume=38. |issue=2 (1988): |pages=58–67.}}
*{{citeCite book |last=Johnson |first=Emory R. |yearurl=1912https://archive.org/stream/relationpanamac00johngoog#page/n3/mode/1up |title=The Relation of the Panama Canal to the Traffic and Rates of American Railroads |seriespublisher=United States SenateGovernment ReportsPrinting Office |locationyear=Washington, D.C.1912 |publisherseries=United States GovernmentSenate Printing OfficeReports |urllocation=https://archiveWashington, D.C.org/stream/relationpanamac00johngoog#page/n3/mode/1up |access-date=February 22, 2015 }}
*{{citeCite journal |last=Jungen |first=C. W. |year=1922 |title=Ocean Unit of Lines That Span Continent |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4hAhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA4 |journal=Southern Pacific Bulletin |volume=11 |issue=January 1922 |location=San Francisco |publisher=Southern Pacific |urlvolume=https://books.google.com/books?id11 |issue=4hAhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA4January 1922 |access-date=February 22, 2015 }}
* {{citeCite book |last=Lewis |first=Daniel |year=2007 |title=Iron Horse Imperialism: The Southern Pacific of Mexico, 1880–1951 |location=Tucson |publisher=University of Arizona Press |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-8165-2604-8 |location=Tucson |oclc=238833401}}
*{{citeCite journal |last=Mayo |first=H. M. |year=1900 |title=Cuba and the Way There |journalurl=Sunsethttps://archive.org/stream/sunsetvolumes00deptgoog#page/n453/mode/1up |volumejournal=4 |issue=January, 1900 |pages=95–98Sunset |location=San Francisco |publisher=Passenger Department Southern Pacific Company |urlvolume=https://archive.org/stream/sunsetvolumes00deptgoog#page/n453/mode/1up4 |issue=January 1900 |pages=95–98 |access-date=March 15, 2015 }}
* {{citeCite book |last=Lewis |first=Oscar |year=1938 |title=The Big Four |location=New York |publisher=Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.|year=1938 |location=New York}}
* {{citeCite book |last=Orsi |first=Richard J. |yearurl=2005https://archive.org/details/sunsetlimitedsou00orsi_0 |title=Sunset Limited: The Southern Pacific Railroad and the Development of the American West 1850–1930 |location=Berkeley|publisher=University of California Press |year=2005 |isbn=0-520-20019-5 |oclclocation=55055386Berkeley |urloclc=https://archive.org/details/sunsetlimitedsou00orsi_0 55055386}}
* {{citeCite book |last=ThompsonStarr |first=Anthony W. |year=1992Timothy |title=PacificThe FruitBack ExpressShop |location=WiltonIllustrated, CaliforniaVolume 3: Southeast and Western Regions |publisher=Signature PressPrivately printed |isbnyear=12024}}{{self-930013-03-5published source|oclcdate=48551573June 2024}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thompson |first=Anthony W. |title=Pacific Fruit Express |publisher=Signature Press |year=1992 |isbn=1-930013-03-5 |location=Wilton, California |oclc=48551573}}
*{{citeCite book |last=White |first=Richard |author-link=Richard White (historian) |firsturl=Richardhttps://archive.org/details/railroadedtransc00whit_0 |title=Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America |date=2011 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|date=2011 |isbn=978-0-393-06126-0|url=https://archive.org/details/railroadedtransc00whit_0}}
*{{citeCite journal |year=1899 |editor-last=Woodman |editor-first=E. H. |yeartitle=1899Transportation |titleurl=Transportationhttps://archive.org/stream/sunsetvolumes00deptgoog#page/n200/mode/1up |journal=Sunset |volume=2 |issue=March, 1899 |location=San Francisco |publisher=Passenger Department Southern Pacific Company |urlvolume=https://archive.org/stream/sunsetvolumes00deptgoog#page/n200/mode/1up2 |issue=March, 1899 |access-date=March 15, 2015 }}
* {{citeCite book |last=Yenne |first=Bill |year=1996 |title=The History of the Southern Pacific |location=New York|publisher=Smithmark Pub |year=1996 |isbn=0-8317-3788-3 |location=New York}}
{{refend}}
 
Line 344 ⟶ 371:
* [http://engwonders.byethost9.com/e031.html "Across the Great Salt Lake, The Lucin Cutoff"] – ''1937 article''.
* [https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170525032052/http://www.abandonedrails.com/Santa_Ana_and_Newport_Railroad Abandoned Rails.com: History of the Santa Ana and Newport Railroad].
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kIcfCwszdX0&t=2s This Is My Railroad] (1946 film)
 
{{SP named trains}}
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