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{{About|the city in Italy|the province|Province of Piacenza|other uses}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name
| official_name
| native_name
| image_skyline
|image_flag=Flag_of_Piacenza.svg| image_caption = [[Francesco Mochi]]'s 1615 equestrian statue of [[Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma]], in the city's main square, Piazza Cavalli
| image_shield =Stemma_di_Piacenza.svg
| coordinates = {{coord|45|2|52|N|9|42|2|E|display=inline,title}}
| region = [[Emilia-Romagna]]
| province = [[province of Piacenza|Piacenza]] (PC)
| frazioni = Vallera, San Bonico, Pittolo, La Verza, Mucinasso, I Vaccari, Roncaglia, Montale, Borghetto, Le Mose, Mortizza, Gerbido
| mayor_party = [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]
| mayor = [[Katia Tarasconi]]
| area_total_km2 = 118.46
| population_total = 103607
| population_as_of = 31-5-2020
| population_demonym = Piacentino
| elevation_m = 61
|istat=|
| postal_code = 29121-29122
| area_code = 0523
| website = {{official website|http://www.comune.piacenza.it}}
}}
'''Piacenza''' ({{IPA
Westernmost major city of the region of Emilia-Romagna, it has strong relations with [[Lombardy]], with which it borders, and in particular with [[Milan]]. It was defined by [[Leonardo da Vinci]] as a "Land of passage" in his [[Codex Atlanticus]], by virtue of its crucial geographical location.<ref>{{Cite web
Piacenza integrates characteristics of the nearby [[Liguria]]n and [[Piedmont]]ese territories added to a prevalent Lombard influence, favored by communications with the nearby metropolis, which attenuate its [[Emilia (region)|Emilian]] footprint.<ref>{{Cite web
Piacenza is located at a major crossroads at the intersection of Route E35/A1 between [[Bologna]] and [[Milan]], and Route E70/A21 between [[Brescia]] and [[Turin]]. Piacenza is also at the confluence of the [[Trebbia]], draining the northern [[Apennine Mountains]], and the [[Po (river)|River Po]], draining to the east.
Piacenza hosts
== Etymology ==
The etymology is long-standing, tracing an origin from the Latin verb {{
== History ==
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in May 218 BC, Piacenza and [[Cremona]] were founded as Roman [[Colonia (Roman)|military colonies]]. The Romans had planned to construct them after the successful conclusion of the latest war with the Gauls ending in 219 BC. In the spring of 218 BC, after declaring war on [[Carthage]], the Senate decided to accelerate the foundation and gave the colonists 30 days to appear on the sites to receive their lands. Each colony was to be settled by 6,000 Roman citizens, but the cities were to receive [[Latin Rights]];<ref>[[Polybius]] III.40, [[Livy]] XXI.25.</ref> that is, they were to have the same legal status as the many colonies that had been co-founded by Rome and towns of [[Latium]].
The reaction of the region's Gauls was swift; they drove the colonists off the lands. Taking refuge in [[Modena|Mutina]], the colonists sent for military assistance. A small force under Lucius Manlius was prevented from reaching the area. The Senate then sent two legions under Gaius Atelius. Collecting Manlius and the colonists, they descended on Piacenza and Cremona and successfully placed [[castra]] there of {{convert|480|m2|acre}} to support the building of the city. Piacenza must have been walled immediately, as the walls were in place when the [[Battle of the Trebia]] was fought around the city in December. There is no evidence either textual or archaeological of a prior settlement at that exact location; however, such a site would have been obliterated by construction. Piacenza was the fifty-third colony to be placed by Rome following its foundation.<ref>{{cite book|title=Roman Italy|volume=1|first=T. W.
It had to be supplied by boat after the Battle of Trebbia, when Hannibal controlled the countryside, for which purpose a port (Emporium) was constructed. In 209 BC, [[Hasdrubal Barca]] crossed the Alps and laid siege to the city, but he was unable to take it, and he withdrew.<ref>[[Livy]] ''History of Rome'' XXVII.39, 43.</ref> In 200 BC, the Gauls sacked and burned the city, selling the inhabitants into slavery.<ref>[[Livy]] ''History of Rome'' XXXI.10.</ref> Subsequently, the victorious Romans restored the city and managed to recover 2,000 of its citizens. In 198 BC, a combined force of Gauls and Ligurians plundered the whole region. As the people had never recovered from being sold into slavery, in 190 BC, they complained to Senate of underpopulation; in response the Senate sent 3,000 new settlers.<ref>[[Livy]] ''History of Rome'' XXXVII.46-47.</ref> Construction of the [[Via Aemilia]] in the decade of the 180s made the city easily accessible from the Adriatic ports, which improved trade and the prospects for timely defense.
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Although sacked and devastated several times, the city always recovered and by the sixth century [[Procopius]] was calling it "the principal city in the country of Aemilia".<ref>[[Procopius]] ''History of the Wars'' Book VII chapter XIII.</ref>
The first Bishop of Piacenza (322–357), San Vittorio, declared [[Saint Antoninus of Piacenza]], a soldier of the [[Theban Legion]] (and not to be confused with the sixth-century [[Antoninus of Piacenza (pilgrim)|Antoninus of Piacenza]]), the patron saint of Piacenza and had the first basilica constructed to honor the saint in 324. The basilica was restored in 903 and rebuilt in 1101,<ref>{{cite book|page=752|title=The manual of dates: a dictionary of reference to all the most important events in the history of mankind to be found in authentic records|first=George Henry
=== Middle Ages ===
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In 1095, the city was the site of the [[Council of Piacenza]], in which the [[First Crusade]] was proclaimed. From 1126, Piacenza was a free [[medieval commune|commune]] and an important member of the [[Lombard League]]. In this role, it took part in the war against [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]] and in the subsequent [[battle of Legnano]] (1176). It also successfully fought the neighbouring communes of [[Cremona]], [[Pavia]], and [[Parma]], expanding its territory. Piacenza also captured control of the trading routes with [[Genoa]], where the first Piacentini bankers had already settled, from the Malaspina counts and the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bobbio|bishop of Bobbio]].
In the thirteenth century, despite unsuccessful wars against Frederick I, Piacenza managed to gain strongholds on the [[Lombardy]] shore of the Po. The preliminaries of the [[Peace of Constance]] were signed in 1183 in the Saint Antoninus church. Agriculture and trade flourished in these centuries and Piacenza became one of the richest cities in Europe. This is reflected in the construction of many important buildings and in the general revision of the urban plan. Struggles for control were commonplace in the second half of the thirteenth century, similarly to the large majority of Medieval Italian communes. The [[Scotti family]], [[Pallavicini family]] and {{ill|Alberto Scoto|it}} (1290–1313) in that order, held power during the period. Scoto's government ended when the [[Visconti of Milan]] captured Piacenza, which they would hold until 1447. Duke [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] rewrote Piacenza's statutes and relocated the [[University of Pavia]] to the city. Piacenza then became a possession of the [[House of Sforza]] until 1499.
=== Modern era ===
{{see also|Duchy of Parma and Piacenza}}
[[File:Italian States-Piacenza 1626 2 Doppie.jpg|thumb|Two gold Doppie (1626) depicting [[Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma|Odoardo Farnese]] (obv) and ''Placentia floret'' ("Piacenza flourishes") (rev)]]
Chiefly due to the expansion of [[agriculture]] in the countryside surrounding Piacenza, the city progressed economically and a coin from the sixteenth century (that is displayed to the right) declares that by featuring the motto: ''Placentia floret'' ("Piacenza flourishes") on one of its sides. Also in the course of that century a new city wall was erected. Piacenza, as part of the [[Duchy of Milan]], was ruled, at alternate times, by the Sforza and by [[France]] until 1521, when, under [[Pope Leo X]], it became part of the [[Papal States]]. From 1545, following the creation of the [[Duchy of Parma and Piacenza]] by [[Pope Paul III]] to his son [[Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma|Pier Luigi Farnese]], the city was ruled by the [[House of Farnese]].<ref>{{Cite web
Piacenza was the capital city of the duchy until [[Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (1547–1586), moved the capital to Parma. The city underwent some of its most difficult years during the rule of [[Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma]] (1622–1646). Out of the population of 30,000 in the city between 6,000 and 13,000 Piacentini died from famine and plague. The city and its countryside were ravaged by bandits and French soldiers as well.
[[File:I Francesi passano il Po a Piacenza Bagetti.jpg|thumb|''The French Pass the River Po at Piacenza'', by Giuseppe Pietro Bagetti, 1803]]
Between 1732 and 1859, Parma and Piacenza were ruled by the [[House of Bourbon]]. In the eighteenth century, several edifices that belonged to noble families such as Scotti, [[Landi family|Landi]], and Fogliani were built in Piacenza.
In 1802, [[Napoleon]]'s army annexed Piacenza to the French Empire. Young Piacentini recruits were sent to fight in [[Russia]], [[Spain]], and [[Germany]], while the city was plundered of a great number of artworks that are currently exhibited in many French museums.
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=== World War II ===
During [[World War II]], the city was heavily bombed by the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] because of its strategic elements. The important railway and road bridges across the Trebbia and the Po and the railway yards were destroyed. The historic centre of city suffered collateral damage. In 1944, the bridges over the Po became vital for the supply from Austria of Field Marshal [[Albert Kesselring]]'s [[Gothic Line]], which protected the withdrawal of Kesselring's troops from Italy. Foremost among these were the railway and road bridges at Piacenza, along with supply depots and railway yards. In Operation Mallory Major, July 12–15, allied medium bombers from [[Corsica]] flew 300 sorties a day, knocking out 21 bridges east of Piacenza and then continued to the west for a total of 90 by July 20. Fighter-bombers prevented reconstruction and cut roads and rail lines. By August 4, all the cities of northern Italy were isolated and had suffered heavy bombing, especially Piacenza. Transport to Genoa to the south or through Turin to the north was impossible; nevertheless, Kesselring continued to supply his men.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Army Air Forces in World War II
On the hills and the Apennine Mountains, [[Partisan (military)|partisans]] were active. On April 25, 1945, a general partisan insurrection by the [[Italian resistance movement]] broke out and on 29 April, troops of the [[Brazilian Expeditionary Force]] entered the city. In 1996, president [[Oscar Luigi Scalfaro]] honoured Piacenza with the gold medal for Valour in Battle.
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=== Climate ===
Climate in this area is humid subtropical with no dry season, constantly moist. Summers are hot and sultry. The [[Köppen Climate Classification]] subtype for this climate is "[[Köppen climate classification#Group C: Temperate/mesothermal climates|Cfa]]" ([[Humid subtropical climate]]).<ref>{{cite web
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Piacenza ([[Piacenza Airport|LIPS]]) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
Line 135 ⟶ 119:
|Dec record high C = 19.6
|year record high C = 40.0
|Jan high C = 6.
|Feb high C =
|Mar high C = 14.
|Apr high C = 18.
|May high C = 23.
|Jun high C = 27.
|Jul high C = 30.
|Aug high C =
|Sep high C = 24.
|Oct high C = 17.
|Nov high C = 11.
|Dec high C =
|Jan mean C =
|Feb mean C =
|Mar mean C =
|Apr mean C = 12.
|May mean C = 17.
|Jun mean C = 21.
|Jul mean C =
|Aug mean C = 23.
|Sep mean C = 19.
|Oct mean C = 13.
|Nov mean C = 8.
|Dec mean C =
|Jan low C = -0.
|Feb low C = -0.
|Mar low C =
|Apr low C =
|May low C = 11.
|Jun low C = 15.3
|Jul low C = 17.3
|Aug low C = 17.
|Sep low C = 13.
|Oct low C = 9.
|Nov low C =
|Dec low C =
|Jan record low C = -22.0
|Feb record low C = -16.7
Line 185 ⟶ 169:
|year record low C = -22.0
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm =
|Feb precipitation mm =
|Mar precipitation mm =
|Apr precipitation mm =
|May precipitation mm =
|Jun precipitation mm =
|Jul precipitation mm =
|Aug precipitation mm =
|Sep precipitation mm =
|Oct precipitation mm =
|Nov precipitation mm =
|Dec precipitation mm =
|year precipitation mm =
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days =
|Feb precipitation days = 5.
|Mar precipitation days =
|Apr precipitation days = 8.
|May precipitation days =
|Jun precipitation days = 6.
|Jul precipitation days =
|Aug precipitation days =
|Sep precipitation days = 5.
|Oct precipitation days =
|Nov precipitation days =
|Dec precipitation days =
|year precipitation days =
|Jan humidity =
|Feb humidity =
|Mar humidity =
|Apr humidity =
|May humidity =
|Jun humidity =
|Jul humidity =
|Aug humidity =
|Sep humidity =
|Oct humidity =
|Nov humidity = 88.2
|Dec humidity =
| Jan dew point C =0.4
| Feb dew point C =0.5
| Mar dew point C =3.4
| Apr dew point C =7.7
| May dew point C =12.1
| Jun dew point C =15.9
| Jul dew point C =17.4
| Aug dew point C =17.8
| Sep dew point C =14.2
| Oct dew point C =11.3
| Nov dew point C =6.7
| Dec dew point C =1.7
| Jan sun =97.6
| Feb sun =131.4
| Mar sun =194.5
| Apr sun =188.9
| May sun =239.0
| Jun sun =257.8
| Jul sun =304.3
| Aug sun =274.7
| Sep sun =206.8
| Oct sun =126.3
| Nov sun =82.8
| Dec sun =85.5
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/PiacenzaSDamiano_16084.csv|format=CSV|website=ncei.noaa.gov
| title = WMO Climate Normals for 1991–2020: PiacenzaSDamiano
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| access-date = March 1, 2024}}</ref> (sun for 1981-2010)<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-VI/Italy/WMO_Normals_CliNo81-10.xls|format=XLS|website=ncei.noaa.gov| title = WMO Climate Normals for 1981–2010: PiacenzaSDamiano| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]| access-date = March 1, 2024}}</ref>
|date=July 2013
|source 2 = [[Servizio Meteorologico]]<ref name=AM>{{cite web
| url = http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/(084)Piacenza%20S.Damiano.pdf
| title = Piacenza/S.Damiano (PC)
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| publisher = Servizio Meteorologico dell’Aeronautica Militare
| language = it
| access-date = February 24, 2016}}</ref>
}}
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Piacenza urbana, elevation {{convert|71|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020)
|Jan high C = 6.4
|Feb high C = 9.5
|Mar high C = 15.3
|Apr high C = 19.3
|May high C = 24.3
|Jun high C = 28.5
|Jul high C = 30.9
|Aug high C = 30.4
|Sep high C = 25.3
|Oct high C = 18.3
|Nov high C = 11.5
|Dec high C = 6.6
| year high C =
|Jan mean C = 3.0
|Feb mean C = 5.0
|Mar mean C = 9.8
|Apr mean C = 13.9
|May mean C = 18.6
|Jun mean C = 22.8
|Jul mean C = 25.0
|Aug mean C = 24.7
|Sep mean C = 20.1
|Oct mean C = 14.4
|Nov mean C = 8.5
|Dec mean C = 3.7
| year mean C =
|Jan low C = -0.4
|Feb low C = 0.5
|Mar low C = 4.3
|Apr low C = 8.5
|May low C = 13.0
|Jun low C = 17.0
|Jul low C = 19.1
|Aug low C = 19.0
|Sep low C = 14.9
|Oct low C = 10.5
|Nov low C = 5.4
|Dec low C = 0.7
| year low C =
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 39.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 49.3
|Mar precipitation mm = 51.3
|Apr precipitation mm = 72.5
|May precipitation mm = 71.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 67.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 36.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 49.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 85.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 99.9
|Nov precipitation mm = 113.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 52.5
|year precipitation mm =
| source 1 = Arpae Emilia-Romagna<ref name=Clim>{{cite web
| url = https://www.arpae.it/it/temi-ambientali/clima/dati-e-indicatori/tabelle-climatiche/tabelle-climatologiche-1961-2020
| title = Tabelle climatologiche
| publisher= Arpae Emilia-Romagna agenzia prevenzione ambiente energia
| access-date = 30 June 2024}}</ref>
}}
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== Main sights ==
Piacenza boasts a great number of historical palaces, often characterized by splendid gardens.
[[File:Gotico facciata-500.jpg|thumb|[[Piazza dei Cavalli]] and the façade of [[Palazzo Comunale, Piacenza|Palazzo Comunale]] ''il Gotico'']]
[[File:Piacenza0001.jpg|thumb|Façade of the [[Piacenza Cathedral|Cathedral]]]]
[[File:Ranuccio I Farnese in Piacenza.jpg|thumb|Ranuccio I Farnese monument in Piacenza]]
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[[File:Piacenza0003.jpg|thumb|[[Basilica of Sant'Antonino, Piacenza]], patron of Piacenza]]
[[File:Piacenza-chiesa di san Sisto.jpg|thumb|The Renaissance [[San Sisto, Piacenza|church of San Sisto]]]]
[[File:Teatro Piacenza.jpg|thumb|
=== Major palaces of interest ===
==== Secular buildings ====
* ''[[Piazza dei Cavalli]]'': main square, named ("Cavalli" means "horses") for the two bronze equestrian monuments, made by the Mannerist sculptor [[Francesco Mochi]] and depicting two Farnese Dukes of Parma [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma|Alessandro]] and his son, [[Ranuccio I Farnese, Duke of Parma|Ranuccio I]]. The Piazza is flanked by:
**''[[Palazzo
**''[[Palazzo del Collegio dei Mercanti, Piacenza|Palazzo del Collegio dei Mercanti]]'': (17th century) current town hall
**''[[Palazzo del Governatore, Piacenza|Palazzo del Governatore]]'': neoclassic building, and to the east by the church of [[San Francesco, Piacenza|San Francesco]]. Near the Palazzo dei Mercanti are two fascist era buildings.
*''[[Palazzo Farnese, Piacenza|Palazzo Farnese]]'': begun in 1568 by Ottavio Farnese and his wife, [[Margaret of Parma]]. The initial project was designed by Francesco Paciotto, and construction pursued by Giovanni Bernardo Della Valle, Giovanni Lavezzari, and Bernardo Panizzari (Caramosino). The design was modified in 1568 by [[Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola]], better known as "Vignola". The Civic Museums of Palazzo Farnese contain the town art gallery (Pinacoteca) and Archaeological Museum which houses the pre-Roman bronze [[Liver of Piacenza]], an [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] bronze model of a sheep's liver dating from the end of the 2nd to early 1st century BC. The model was discovered in 1877 in the Piacenza hinterland. Containing writing on its surface delineating the various parts of the liver and their significance, it was likely used as an educational tool for students studying [[haruspex|haruspicy]], or [[divination]].
*''[[Palazzo Costa, Piacenza|Palazzo Costa]]''
*''Palazzo Somaglia''
*''Palazzo Baldini''
*''[[Palazzo della Prefettura, Piacenza|Palazzo
*[[Palazzo Ferrari Sacchini, Piacenza|Palazzo Ferrari Sacchini]]
*''[[Palazzo Landi, Piacenza|Palazzo Landi]]'' (''dei Tribunali''): medieval palace rebuilt in its current form in the 15th century by Lombard craftsmen. It has a Renaissance marble portal. It is now seat of the local Tribunal.
* [[Galleria d'arte moderna Ricci Oddi]]: art museum dedicated mainly to modern Italian painters.
* [[Collegio Alberoni]]: Roman Catholic seminary founded by Cardinal [[Giulio Alberoni]] in the eighteenth century. The seminary maintains an art gallery that displays Alberoni's personal collection of fine tapestries and Renaissance and Baroque paintings by notable artists such as [[Luca Giordano|Giordano]], [[Antonello da Messina]], and [[Guido Reni|Reni]].
====
*[[Piacenza Cathedral]]: main church of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Piacenza-Bobbio]], built from 1122 to 1233 in northern-Italian [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] style. The façade, in [[Verona|Veronese]] pink marble and gilted stone, is parted horizontally by a gallery that dominates the three gates, and is decorated with Romanesque capitals and statues. Tripartite nave is supported by 25 large pillars. Frescoes by [[Camillo Procaccini]] and [[Ludovico Carracci]] cover the nave, while dome was decorated by [[Pier Francesco Mazzucchelli|Morazzone]] and [[Guercino]]. The presbytery as a wooden sculpture from 1479, a wooden choir by Giangiacomo da Genova (1471), and statues of Lombard school from the 15th century. The crypt, built on the Greek cross plan, has 108 Romanesque small columns and is home to the relics of St Justine, to which the first cathedral (that crumbled down in the [[1117 Verona earthquake]]) was dedicated.
*[[San Francesco, Piacenza|''San Francesco'']]: 12th-century Romanesque-Gothic church in Piazza Cavalli. The building assumed the role of civic sanctuary in the Middle Ages. Part of the medieval cloisters remains. Lunette in main portal has a 15th-century relief depicts the ''Ecstasy of St. Francis''. Nave and two aisles, are divided by low and sturdy brick pillars that support high gothic arches. The church has a Latin cross layout and pentahedric apse in which the aisle apses meet; decorations include 15th-16th century frescoes. In 1848, annexion of Piacenza to the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] was announced from this church.
*''[[Basilica of Sant'Antonino, Piacenza|Basilica of Sant'Antonino]]'': Romanesque style church, with a large octagonal bell-tower. It was commissioned by St. Victor, first bishop of the city, in 350 CE, and completed in 375. It contains the relics of the eponymous saint, martyred near [[Travo]], in the [[Trebbia|Val Trebbia]]. In 1183, delegates of Frederick Barbarossa and of the Lombard League met in the basilica for the preliminaries of [[peace of Constance]]. The church was refurbished after damage during barbarian invasions. It has a 15th-century cloister. In the interior, the main artworks are the frescoes by [[Camillo Gervasetti]] (1622).
*''[[Basilica of San Savino, Piacenza|San Savino]]'': Basilica church dedicated to St. Victor's successor, begun in 903 but consecrated only in 1107. The façade and the portico are from the 17th-18th centuries. The presbytery and the crypts contain 12th century polychrome mosaics. The interior is in Lombard-Gothic style, with anthropomorphic capitals of the columns. Over the high altar is a 12th-century wooden crucifix by an unknown artist.
*''[[San Giovanni in Canale, Piacenza|San Giovanni in Canale]]'' was founded by the [[Dominican Order|Dominicans]] in 1220, and enlarged in the mid-16th century.
*''[[San Giuseppe in Ospedale, Piacenza|San Giuseppe in Ospedale]]'', a Renaissance style parish church.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=75gsdlAZq1gC Nuovissima guida della città di Piacenza con alquanti cenni topografici, statistici, e storici], by Tipografia Domenico Tagliaferri, Piazza de' Cavalli, #55, Piacenza (1842); Pages 103-104.</ref>
*''[[Basilica di Santa Maria di Campagna, Piacenza|Santa Maria in Campagna]]'':
*''[[San Sisto, Piacenza|
*
* [[Santa Margherita, Piacenza]]: A now de-consecrated church used for cultural events by Fondazione di Piacenza e Vigevano.
== Dialect ==
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Piacentine staple foods include corn (generally cooked as [[polenta]]) and rice (usually cooked as [[risotto]]), both of which are very common across northern Italy. Cheeses, such as [[Grana Padano]], are produced in Piacenza although nearby [[Parma]] is more famous for its dairy products.
The hills surrounding Piacenza are known for their vineyards. The wine produced in the area is qualified with a ''[[denominazione di origine controllata]]'' called "[[Colli Piacentini]]" ("Hills of Piacenza"). The main wines are ''[[Colli Piacentini|Gutturnio]]'' (red wines, both sparkling and still), ''Bonarda'' (a red wine, often sparkling and foamy, made from [[Croatina]] grapes), ''[[Ortrugo]]'' (a dry white wine), and ''[[Malvasia]]'' (a sweet white wine).<ref>{{cite web|title=Local Cuisine
== People ==
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* Saint [[Gerard of Potenza]] (died 1119), [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Potenza-Muro Lucano-Marsico Nuovo|Bishop of Potenza]] from 1111 until his death
* [[Placentinus]] (died 1192), founder of the Law School of the [[University of Montpellier]]
* [[Reinerius Saccho]] (1200s – {{circa|1263}}), a learned and zealous Italian Dominican<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Raineiro Sacchoni
* Teobaldo Visconti ({{circa|1210–1276}}), elected [[Pope Gregory X]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911
* Saint [[Conrad of Piacenza]] (1290–1351), medieval Franciscan hermit
* [[Antonio Cornazzano]] ({{circa|1432–1484}}), poet and humanist, courtier at Milan and Ferrara
* [[Cornelio Musso]] (1511–1574), [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bitonto|Bishop of Bitonto]] (1544–1574) and prominent at the Council of Trent<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Cornelius Musso
* [[Ferrante Pallavicino]] (1615–1644), writer of antisocial stories and novels with biblical and profane themes<ref>{{Cite EB1911
* [[Giulio Alberoni]] (1664–1752), cardinal and statesman, Bishop of Malaga and Chief Minister to [[Philip V of Spain]] from 1715 to 1719 during the [[War of the Quadruple Alliance]]<ref>{{Cite EB1911
* [[Giovanni Paolo Panini]] (1691–1765), ''[[Veduta|vedute]]'' painter and architect
* [[Casto Innocenzio Ansaldi]] (1710–1780), professor, theologian, and archaeologist<ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Casto Innocenzio Ansaldi
* [[Giovanni Battista Guadagnini]] (1711–1786), member of the [[Giovanni Battista Guadagnini|Guadagnini]] family of [[luthier]]s
* [[Melchiorre Gioia]] (1767–1829), philosopher and political economist<ref>{{Cite EB1911
* [[Pietro Giordani]] (1774–1848), writer and classical literary scholar
* [[Domenico Palmieri]] (1829–1909), a Jesuit scholastic theologian <ref>{{cite CE1913|wstitle= Domenico Palmieri
* [[Amilcare Ponchielli]] (1834–1886), musician and composer, began his career there in 1861
* [[Giacomo Radini-Tedeschi]] (1857–1914), Bishop of Bergamo and mentor of the future Pope [[Pope John XXIII|John XXIII]]
* [[Luigi Illica]] (1857–1919), librettist, author, and co-author (with [[Giuseppe Giacosa]]) of opera librettos for [[Giacomo Puccini]] (''[[La bohème]]'', ''[[Tosca]]'', ''[[Madama Butterfly]]''), [[Alfredo Catalani]] (''[[La Wally]]''), and [[Umberto Giordano]] (''[[Andrea Chénier]]'')
* [[Giuseppe Merosi]] (1872–1956), automobile engineer
* [[Alfredo Soressi]] (1897–1982), painter
* [[Luigi Corbellini]] (1901–1968), post-impressionist painter and sculptor
* [[Edoardo Amaldi]] (1908–1989), physicist, professor at [[Sapienza University of Rome]] (1938–1979), co-founder of [[CERN]], [[European Space Agency|ESA]], and [[Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare|INFN]]
*[[Amedeo Guillet]] (1909–2010), [[World War II]] cavalry commander and diplomat, also known as "Comandante Diavolo"
* [[Agostino Casaroli]] (1914–1998), cardinal and [[Holy See]] diplomat, [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] (1979–1990)
* [[Mario Biaggi]] (1917–2015) whose parents came from Piacenza;
* [[Giorgio Armani]] (born 1934), fashion designer, entrepreneur, and founder of Armani
* [[Mario Arcelli]] (1935–2004), economist and once minister for budget of the Italian Government (1996)
* [[Ettore Gotti Tedeschi]] (born 1945), economist and banker, former president of the [[Institute for the Works of Religion|Vatican Bank]]
* [[Giuseppe Orsi]] (born 1945), [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of [[Leonardo S.p.A.|Finmeccanica]] (2011–2013)
* [[Federico Ghizzoni]] (born 1955), CEO of [[UniCredit]]
* [[Ilaria Ramelli]] (born 1973), Italian-born historian
Line 383 ⟶ 450:
{{Portal|Italy|European Union|Cities}}
* [[Conrad of Piacenza]]
* [[Conservatorio Statale di Musica Giuseppe Nicolini]]
* [[Piacenza railway station]]
* [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Piacenza-Bobbio]]
Line 398 ⟶ 466:
* [http://www.thecampanileproject.org/campanile/index.php/emilia-romagna/Piacenza/piacenza Piacenza on The Campanile Project]
{{Roman Catholic churches in Piacenza}}
{{Province of Piacenza}}
{{Cities in Italy}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Piacenza| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard-->
[[Category:Piacenzian| ]]
[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]]
[[Category:Roman sites of Emilia-Romagna]]
Line 411 ⟶ 479:
[[Category:210s BC establishments]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC]]
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