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{{short description|Spanish island in the western Mediterranean}}
{{
{{Infobox islands
| name = Alborán
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| sobriquet = <!-- or nickname -->
| etymology =
| image_name = File:Foto aérea Isla de Alborán.jpg
| image_size =
| image_caption =
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| locator_map_size =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_map = Spain#Spain Andalusia
| pushpin_label = Alborán
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Alborán Island in Spain##Location of Alborán Island in Andalusia
| location = [[Alboran Sea]]
| coordinates = {{coord|35|56|22|N|03|02|07|W|type:isle|display=inline,title}}
| archipelago =
| waterbody =
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| elevation_footnotes =
| highest_mount = <!--name-->
| country = [[Spain]]
| country_admin_divisions_title = Province
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| country_admin_divisions_2 =
| demonym =
| population =
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}}
'''Alboran Island''' ({{lang-es|Isla de Alborán}}) is a small [[islet]] of [[Spain]] ([[province of Almería]]) in the [[Alboran Sea]], part of the western [[Mediterranean Sea]], about
==Description==
==Natural history==
Alboran has a [[Volcano|volcanic]] origin, located in an important [[seismic zone]] where the [[African Plate|African plate]] collides with the [[Eurasian Plate|Eurasian plate]]. In 1899, a new [[igneous rock]] was discovered on Alboran, with the name of [[alboranite]], in honor of the island.
The islet has been recognised as an [[Important Bird Area]] (IBA) by [[BirdLife International]] because it supports a breeding population of [[Audouin's gull]]s as well as various species of [[passerine]]s on [[bird migration|migration]].<ref name="bli">{{cite web |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/alborán-island-iba-spain|title= Alborán island|author=<!--Not stated--> |date=2021|website= BirdLife Data Zone|publisher= BirdLife International|access-date= 12 February 2021}}</ref>
The [[wall-rocket]] species ''[[Diplotaxis siettiana]]'', called ''jaramago de Alborán'' in Spanish, has its only known wild population on the island. It was extinct there during much of the late 20th century but successfully reintroduced from [[ex-situ conservation]] stocks in 1999.▼
▲The [[wall-rocket]] species ''[[Diplotaxis siettiana]]'',
==History==▼
In 2001, the [[United Nations]] declared the island and its seabed a [[Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance|Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GbUvEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA755 |title=Alboran Sea - Ecosystems and Marine Resources |first1=José Carlos |last1=Báez |first2=Juan-Tomás |last2=Vázquez |first3=Juan Antonio |last3=Camiñas |first4=Mohammed Malouli |last4=Idrissi |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |date=22 May 2021 |page=755 |isbn=9783030655167}}</ref>
Alborán has been known in error as "Albusama".<ref>"Algunos cartógrafos de los últimos siglos han dado a Alboran el nombre de Albusama, confundiéndola con el pequeño islote costero cercano a la ciudad llamada tambien por ellos Albusama." (Marie Armand Pascal d'Avezac de Castera-Macaya, 1846. ''Historia de las islas de África'' p. 386); "[[Peñón de Alhucemas|''Alhucema (Albusama)'']]: Pequeña isla del Mediterráneo , sobre la costa del [[Kingdom of Fez|reyno de Fez]] , en frente de la [[Al Hoceima|de Alhucema]]." (Antonio Vegas 1806. ''Diccionário geográfico universal, que comprende la descripción de las quatro partes del mundo'', ''s.v.'' "Alhucema").</ref>▼
▲==History==
The island became a power base of Mustafa ben Yusuf al Mahmud ed Din ({{Lang-ar|مصطفى بن يوسف المحمود الدين}}), a Tunisian [[Barbary pirates|corsair]] in the Ottoman sultan's service whose attacks were so ferocious that he became known as ''Al-Borani'' (hence the island's name), from the [[Turkish language|Turkish]] for "thunderstorm". It became a Spanish possession after the [[Battle of Alboran]] in 1540.<ref name=r1/>
▲Alborán has been known in error as "Albusama".<ref>"Algunos cartógrafos de los últimos siglos han dado a Alboran el nombre de Albusama, confundiéndola con el pequeño islote costero cercano a la ciudad llamada tambien por ellos Albusama." (Marie Armand Pascal d'Avezac de Castera-Macaya, 1846. ''Historia de las islas de África'' p. 386); "[[Peñón de Alhucemas|''Alhucema (Albusama)'']]: Pequeña isla del Mediterráneo
The aristocrat [[Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria]] visited the island and published in 1899 an illustrated book in German about the island.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Salvator|first1=Ludwig |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xW_HWhSXRxkC|title=Erzherzog Ludwig Salvator aus dem Oesterreichischen Kaiserhause als Forscher des Mittelmeers|last2=Woerl|first2=Leo|date=1899|publisher=Woerls Reisebucher-Verlag|language=de}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Alboran|url=http://www.ludwigsalvator.com/digi/alboran/alboran.htm|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.ludwigsalvator.com|archive-date=2021-04-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415232817/http://www.ludwigsalvator.com/digi/alboran/alboran.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Administration ==
The island has belonged to Spain since 1540,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.ideal.es/almeria/almeria/alboran-historias-misterios-20180729201433-ntvo.html |title=Alborán: historias y misterios de esa isla almeriense tan ignorada |first=Víctor |last=Hernández Bru |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=28 December 2023 |newspaper=[[Ideal (newspaper)|Ideal]] |language=es}}</ref> and to the municipality of [[Almería]] since the 19th century.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.diariodealmeria.es/almeria/Isla-Alboran-Documentos-II_0_850115355.html |title=Isla de Alborán: Documentos (y II) |first=Antonio |last=Sevillano |date=5 October 2014 |access-date=28 December 2023 |newspaper=[[Diario de Almería]] |language=es}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Authority control}}
▲* {{Cite journal|url=http://www.reei.org/index.php/revista/num6/agora/analisis-historico-juridico-isla-andaluza-alboran|issue=6|year=2003|title=Análisis histórico-jurídico de la isla andaluza de Alborán|first=Víctor Luis|last=Gutiérrez Castillo|journal=Revista Electrónica de Estudios Internacionales|issn=1697-5197}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alboran, Isla de}}
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[[Category:Volcanoes of Spain]]
[[Category:Pre-Holocene volcanoes]]
[[Category:Landforms of Andalusia]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of Spain]]
[[Category:Seabird colonies]]
[[Category:Important Bird Areas of Mediterranean islands]]
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