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{{short description|
{{Psalm nr|19}}
{{Infobox musical composition
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| subtitle = "The heavens declare the glory of God"
| type =
| image =
| image_upright = 1.2
| alt =
| caption = Psalm 19 in a Scottish Metrical Psalter
| other_name = {{plainlist|
* Psalm 18
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* "Die Himmel erzählen die Ehre Gottes"
}}
| text =
| language = Hebrew (original)
| written =
| published =
}}
'''Psalm 19''' is the 19th psalm in the [[Book of Psalms]], beginning in English in the [[King James Version]]: "The heavens declare the
The psalm considers the [[Glory (religion)|glory]] of God in creation, and moves to reflect on the character and use of "[[Torah|the law]] of the {{LORD}}". [[Psalm 1]], this psalm and [[Psalm 119]] have been referred to as "the psalms of the Law".<ref>Breen, C., [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27658797 The Psalms of the Law], ''The Furrow'', Vol. 15, No. 8 (Aug., 1964), pp. 516-525</ref><!-- A comparison is made between the law and the sun, which lends a degree of unity to the psalm. [[C. S. Lewis]] suggested that in verse 7, the Psalmist starts talking about something else, "which hardly seems to him like something else because it is so like the all-piercing, all-detecting sunshine."<ref>[[C. S. Lewis]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=v0_YGqdIIfwC&lpg=PA64&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Reflections on the Psalms''] (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958), {{ISBN|0-15-676248-X}} p.64</ref> Like the Sun, the law is able to uncover hidden faults, and nothing can hide from it. As the Psalmist meditates on the excellencies of the law, he feels that his sins have been laid open before God's word, and asks for forgiveness and help. - no lead material, perhaps somewhere else--> It forms a regular part of [[Jewish history|Jewish]], [[Catholic Church|Catholic]], [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Protestantism|Protestant]] liturgies. It has often been set to music, notably by [[Heinrich Schütz]], by [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] who began a [[Bach cantata|cantata]] with its beginning, by [[Joseph Haydn]], who based a movement from ''[[The Creation (Haydn)|Die Schöpfung]]'' on the psalm, and by [[Beethoven]], who set a paraphrase by Gellert in "[[Die Himmel rühmen des Ewigen Ehre]]". [[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville|Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]] wrote a grand motet ''Caeli enarrant'' in 1750 and [[François Giroust]] in 1791.
The classical Jewish commentators all point to the connection the psalmist makes between the sun and the [[Torah]]. These connections include:<ref name=ou/>▼
*The Torah enlightens man, just as the sun lights his way ([[Rashi]])▼
*Both the sun and the Torah testify to the glory of their Creator ([[Abraham Ibn Ezra|Ibn Ezra]] and [[David Kimhi|Radak]])▼
*The Torah is more perfect, whole, or complete than the powerful sun ([[David Altschuler|Metzudat David]])▼
*While the sun conveys God's glory and greatness in the physical world, the Torah expresses God's glory in the spiritual realm ([[Malbim]]).▼
According to the [[Baptist]] preacher [[Charles Spurgeon]], this psalm compares and contrasts "the study of God's two great books—nature and Scripture".<ref name=spurgeon/> Explaining the emphasis on the heavens, Spurgeon explains, "The book of nature has three leaves, heaven, earth, and sea, of which heaven is the first and the most glorious…” Beginning in verse 7 (KJV), the psalmist then extols the perfection of the [[law of Moses]] and "the doctrine of God, the whole run and rule of sacred Writ".<ref name="spurgeon">{{cite web|year=2019|title=Psalm 19 Bible Commentary: Charles H. Spurgeon's Treasury of David|url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808121829/https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=19|archive-date=August 8, 2020|access-date=December 28, 2019|publisher=Christianity.com}}</ref>▼
[[John Mason Good]] theorizes that this psalm was composed either in the morning or around noon, when the bright sun eclipses the other heavenly bodies; he contrasts this with [[Psalm 8]], in which the psalmist contemplates the starry sky in the evening.<ref name=spurgeon/> Praising the poetry of this psalm, 20th-century British writer [[C. S. Lewis]] is quoted as saying: "I take this to be the greatest poem in the Psalter and one of the greatest lyrics in the world".<ref>{{cite web|last=Guzik|first=David|year=2019|title=PSALM 19 – THE HEAVENS, THE WORD, AND THE GLORY OF GOD|url=https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-19/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111100630/https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-19/|archive-date=November 11, 2020|access-date=December 28, 2019|work=Enduring Word}}</ref>▼
On the matter of unity, Artur Weiser states that the first part (verses 1 to 7) are a completely distinct song from the second (verses 8 to 15). He upholds that not only the subjects, but also the metrics, the language and the tone are distinct and the two parts could not have been composed by the same author.<ref>Artur Weiser, [https://books.google.com.br/books/about/Os_salmos.html?id=pP7dAgAACAAJ ''Os Salmos''] (Paulus, 1994), {{ISBN|8534900361}} p. 141</ref> Lewis, on the other hand, indicates nature as "an index, a symbol, a manifestation, of the Divine" and he points that here "the searching and cleansing sun becomes an image of the searching and cleansing Law", on which he suppresses the idea of these two subjects not being correlated.<ref>[[C. S. Lewis]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=v0_YGqdIIfwC&lpg=PA64&pg=PA64#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Reflections on the Psalms''] (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958), {{ISBN|0-15-676248-X}} p.69</ref> Rav Elchanan Samet identifies the same problems that Weiser did: "These two halves are strikingly different from one another in their content as well as in their style, to the point that it is difficult to point to verbal, stylistic, or conceptual connections between them." Nonetheless, he points that these two parts have been in unity since the [[Septuagint]] and agrees with it, "the inclination to adopt this [critical] solution is liable to stem from intellectual laziness." <ref>Rav Elchanan Samet, [https://www.etzion.org.il/en/shiur-61-psalm-19-%D6%A0the-heavens-declare-glory-god ''Shiur #61: Psalm 19 "The Heavens Declare The Glory Of God"'']. Retrieved February 04, 2021.</ref>▼
==Text==
===Hebrew
The following table shows the Hebrew text<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2619.htm |title= Psalms – Chapter 19 |publisher=Mechon Mamre}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sefaria.org/Psalms.19?ven=The_Holy_Scriptures:_A_New_Translation_(JPS_1917)&lang=bi |title= Psalms 19 - JPS 1917 |publisher= [[Sefaria |Sefaria.org]]}}</ref> of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the [[Jewish Publication Society of America Version|JPS 1917]] translation (now in the [[public domain]]).
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Verse
! Hebrew
!English translation (JPS 1917)
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 1
| style="text-align:right" |
|For the Leader. A Psalm of David.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 2
| style="text-align:right" | {{Script/Hebrew|הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם
|The heavens declare the glory of God, and the firmament showeth His handiwork;
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 3
| style="text-align:right" | {{Script/Hebrew|י֣וֹם
|Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night revealeth knowledge;
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 4
| style="text-align:right" |
|There is no speech, there are no words, neither is their voice heard.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5
| style="text-align:right" |
|Their line is gone out through all the earth, and their words to the end of the world. In them hath He set a tent for the sun,
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 6
| style="text-align:right" | {{Script/Hebrew|וְה֗וּא
|Which is as a bridegroom coming out of his chamber, and rejoiceth as a strong man to run his course.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 7
| style="text-align:right" |
|His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it; and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 8
| style="text-align:right" |
|The law of the LORD is perfect, restoring the soul; the testimony of the LORD is sure, making wise the simple.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 9
| style="text-align:right" |
|The precepts of the LORD are right, rejoicing the heart; the commandment of the LORD is pure, enlightening the eyes.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 10
| style="text-align:right" |
|The fear of the LORD is clean, enduring for ever; the ordinances of the LORD are true, they are righteous altogether;
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 11
| style="text-align:right" |
|More to be desired are they than gold, yea, than much fine gold; sweeter also than honey and the honeycomb.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 12
| style="text-align:right" |
|Moreover by them is Thy servant warned; in keeping of them there is great reward.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 13
| style="text-align:right" | {{Script/Hebrew|שְׁגִיא֥וֹת מִֽי־יָבִ֑ין
|Who can discern his errors? Clear Thou me from hidden faults.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 14
| style="text-align:right" |
|Keep back Thy servant also from presumptuous sins, that they may not have dominion over me; then shall I be faultless, and I shall be clear from great transgression.
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 15
| style="text-align:right" |
|Let the words of my mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable before Thee, O LORD, my Rock, and my Redeemer.
|-
|}
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# Who can understand his errors? cleanse thou me from secret faults.
# Keep back thy servant also from presumptuous sins; let them not have dominion over me: then shall I be upright, and I shall be innocent from the great transgression.
# Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O {{Lord}}, my strength, and my redeemer.
==Commentary==
▲The classical [[Jewish commentaries on the Bible|Jewish commentators]] all point to the connection the psalmist makes between the
▲*The Torah enlightens man, just as the sun lights his way ([[Rashi]])
▲*Both the sun and the Torah testify to the glory of their Creator ([[Abraham Ibn Ezra|Ibn Ezra]] and [[David Kimhi|Radak]])
▲*The Torah is more perfect, whole, or complete than the powerful sun ([[David Altschuler|Metzudat David]])
▲*While the sun conveys God's glory and greatness in the physical world, the Torah expresses God's glory in the spiritual realm ([[Malbim]]).
▲According to the [[Baptist]] preacher [[Charles Spurgeon]], this psalm compares and contrasts "the study of God's two great books—nature and Scripture".<ref name=spurgeon/> Explaining the emphasis on the heavens, Spurgeon explains, "The book of nature has three leaves, heaven, earth, and sea, of which heaven is the first and the most glorious…” Beginning in verse 7 (KJV), the psalmist then extols the perfection of the [[law of Moses]] and "the doctrine of God, the whole run and rule of sacred Writ".<ref name="spurgeon">{{cite web|year=2019|title=Psalm 19 Bible Commentary: Charles H. Spurgeon's Treasury of David|url=https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=19|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808121829/https://www.christianity.com/bible/commentary.php?com=spur&b=19&c=19|archive-date=August 8, 2020|access-date=December 28, 2019|publisher=Christianity.com}}</ref>
▲[[John Mason Good]] theorizes that this psalm was composed either in the morning or around noon, when the bright sun eclipses the other heavenly bodies; he contrasts this with [[Psalm 8]], in which the psalmist contemplates the starry sky in the evening.<ref name=spurgeon/> Praising the poetry of this psalm, 20th-century British writer [[C. S. Lewis]] is quoted as saying: "I take this to be the greatest poem in the Psalter and one of the greatest lyrics in the world".<ref>{{cite web|last=Guzik|first=David|year=2019|title=PSALM 19 – THE HEAVENS, THE WORD, AND THE GLORY OF GOD|url=https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-19/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111100630/https://enduringword.com/bible-commentary/psalm-19/|archive-date=November 11, 2020|access-date=December 28, 2019|work=Enduring Word}}</ref>
▲On the matter of unity, Artur Weiser states that the first part (verses 1 to 7) are a completely distinct song from the second (verses 8 to 15). He upholds that not only the subjects, but also the metrics, the language and the tone are distinct and the two parts could not have been composed by the same author.<ref>Artur Weiser, [https://books.google.com
Concerning Psalm 19's place in the architectural arrangement of the Psalms, Psalm 18 precedes Psalm 19, wherein David's adversaries are vanquished. Following this triumph and following Psalm 19, a succession of five royal Psalms, Psalms 20 through 24, according to O. Palmer Robertson, seemingly accentuating the unequivocal establishment of the Davidic kingdom <ref>The Flow of the Psalms, O Palmer Robertson, pp.66-74, 2015, ISBN 978-1-62995-133-1</ref>
The centrality of Psalm 19 within a literary chiasm extending from Psalm 15 to Psalm 24 has been also expounded upon in Carissa Quinn's doctoral thesis.<ref>Toward the Kingdom: The Shape and Message of Psalm 15 to Psalm 24 presented at the Institute of Biblical Research, Carissa Quinn, https://www.academia.edu/28709636/Toward_the_Kingdom_The_Shape_and_Message_of_Psalms_15_24</ref>
==Uses==
The final verse in both the Hebrew and KJV versions, "Let the words of my mouth, and the meditation of my heart, be acceptable in thy sight, O Lord, my strength, and my Redeemer," is used as a prayer in both the Jewish<ref name=shim/> and Christian traditions.<ref name=spurgeon/> A version which refers to "the meditation of our hearts", i.e. those of the congregation, is often used at the start of a [[sermon]].<ref>Moger, P., [https://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/sermon-2006-02-05.pdf Like as the hart] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009054301/https://www.pet.cam.ac.uk/sites/default/files/sermon-2006-02-05.pdf |date=2021-10-09 }}, sermon given at [[Peterhouse]] Chapel, Cambridge, 5 February 2006, 6.00pm Evensong, accessed 9 October 2021</ref><ref>[[John Kittmer|Kittmer, J.]], [https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/her-majesty-the-queens-90th-birthday Address by John Kittmer, HMA to Greece, at a service at St Paul's Anglican Church in Athens to commemorate Her Majesty The Queen's 90th Birthday], 5 June 2016, published 9 June 2016, accessed 9 October 2021</ref>
===Judaism===
Psalm 19 is recited in its entirety during the [[Pesukei dezimra]] of [[Shabbat]] and [[Jewish holidays|Yom Tov]].<ref name=shim/>{{sfn|Scherman|2003|p=375}} It is also recited as the [[Shir shel yom|psalm of the day]] on [[Shavuot]] in the Gra siddur.<ref name=shim/> In Siddur Avodas Yisroel, it is recited as the psalm of the day on [[Hanukkah]], and as the Shabbat psalm for the [[Parashah|Torah portion]] of [[Yitro (parsha)|Yitro]].<ref name=shim/> Some say this psalm on a wedding day, and as a prayer for heavenly guidance.<ref>{{cite web|title=Psalms for Special Occasions|url=https://www.psalmsonline.org/psalms-for-special-occasions|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812212407/https://www.psalmsonline.org/psalms-for-special-occasions|archive-date=August 12, 2020|access-date=December 28, 2019|work=Psalms online}}</ref>
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===New Testament===
Verse 4 is quoted in [[Romans 10|Romans]] {{bibleverse-nb|Romans|10:18|KJV}}.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kirkpatrick|first=A. F.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC|title=The Book of Psalms: with Introduction and Notes|publisher=At the University Press|year=1901|series=The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges|volume=Book IV and V: Psalms XC-CL|place=Cambridge|pages=838|author-link=Alexander Kirkpatrick|access-date=February 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029012737/https://books.google.com/books?id=SLJzlHElr6cC|archive-date=October 29, 2020}}</ref>
===Catholic Church===
In the [[Rule of Saint Benedict]] of the [[Benedictine Order]], the psalm
===
In the [[Church of England]]'s ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]'', this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the fourth day of the month,<ref>Church of England, [https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2019-10/The%20Book%20of%20Common%20Prayer%201662.pdf Book of Common Prayer: The Psalter] as printed by [[John Baskerville]] in 1762, pp. 196ff</ref> as well as at Mattins on [[Christmas Day]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Book of Common Prayer: Proper Psalms On Certain Days |url=https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2017-10/1-table-proper-lessons.pdf |website=The Church of England |access-date=19 April 2023 |pages=6}}</ref>
==Musical settings==
In France, [[Jean-Joseph de Mondonville|Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville]] compose in 1749, le [[Motet|grand motet]] de type versaillais "''Cæli enarrant gloriam Dei'' " and [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] compose in 1865 one "''Cæli enarrant"'' (Psaume XVIII) op. 42. ▼
Psalm 19 has been set to music several times. Handel's Messiah features a setting of the fourth verse of the Psalm in the chorus "Their Sound is Gone Out."
▲In France,
Notable settings to German texts include:
* [[Heinrich Schütz]] in "{{Lang|de|Die Himmel, Herr, preisen
* [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] in the [[cantata]] {{Lang|de|[[Die Himmel erzählen die Ehre Gottes, BWV 76|Die Himmel erzählen die Ehre Gottes]]}}, BWV 76 (1723)
* [[Joseph Haydn]] in "Die Himmel erzählen" ("The Heavens are Telling") – the chorus at the end of part 1 of his [[oratorio]] ''[[The Creation (Haydn)|Die Schöpfung]]'' (1798)
* [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] in his 1803 song for voice and piano, "{{Lang|de|[[Die Himmel rühmen des Ewigen Ehre]]|italic=no}}",
In [[Protestant Christianity]], various [[metrical Psalm|metrical settings]] of Psalm 19 have been published, including "The heav'ns and firmament on high do wondrously declare" in ''The Whole Booke of Psalmes'' ([[Thomas Sternhold]] and [[John Hopkins (psalmist)|John Hopkins]], 1584)<ref>{{cite web|title=Coeli enarrant|url=https://hymnary.org/text/the_heavens_and_the_firmament|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606093826/https://hymnary.org/text/the_heavens_and_the_firmament|archive-date=June 6, 2020|access-date=6 June 2020|website=Hymnary.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The Whole Booke of Psalmes collected into Englishe Metre (1584)|url=https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-whole-booke-of-psalmes-collected-into-englishe-metre-1584|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110122716/https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-whole-booke-of-psalmes-collected-into-englishe-metre-1584/|archive-date=November 10, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=The Public Domain Review|language=en}}</ref> and "The heav’ns God’s glory do declare" in the ''[[Hymnbooks of the Church of Scotland|Scottish Psalter]]'' (1650).<ref>{{cite web|date=May 23, 2016|title=Psalm 19|url=https://thewestminsterstandard.org/psalm-19/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812063433/https://thewestminsterstandard.org/psalm-19/|archive-date=August 12, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=The Westminster Standard}}</ref>▼
The American composer [[Steve Reich]] set part of the Hebrew text in his 1981 work [[Tehillim (Reich)|''Tehillim'']].
▲<ref>{{cite web|title=The Whole Booke of Psalmes collected into Englishe Metre (1584)|url=https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-whole-booke-of-psalmes-collected-into-englishe-metre-1584|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110122716/https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/the-whole-booke-of-psalmes-collected-into-englishe-metre-1584/|archive-date=November 10, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=The Public Domain Review|language=en}}</ref> and "The heav’ns God’s glory do declare" in the ''[[Hymnbooks of the Church of Scotland|Scottish Psalter]]'' (1650).<ref>{{cite web|date=May 23, 2016|title=Psalm 19|url=https://thewestminsterstandard.org/psalm-19/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812063433/https://thewestminsterstandard.org/psalm-19/|archive-date=August 12, 2020|access-date=June 6, 2020|website=The Westminster Standard}}</ref>
The [[Rastafari]]an song "[[Rivers of Babylon]]" (recorded 1970 by [[The Melodians]]) includes a reference to the [[Amidah]] through verse 14 of Psalm 19 in English together with a reference to [[Psalm 137]] that was written in memory of the first destruction of Zion ([[Jerusalem]]) by the Babylonians in 586 BC (the city and the [[Second Temple]]
"''Torat Hashem Temimah''" (The word of God is perfect), consisting of the first five words of verse 8 (in the Hebrew), is a popular Jewish song.<ref>{{cite web|title=Torat Hashem Temimah|url=http://www.zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=616|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411182529/http://www.zemirotdatabase.org/view_song.php?id=616|archive-date=April 11, 2019|access-date=December 28, 2019|work=Zemirot Database}}</ref>
=== Other ===
"The judgements of the Lord are true and righteous altogether", a phrase from Psalm 19:9, is inscribed on the [[Lincoln Memorial]] in [[Washington DC]].<ref>National Park Service, [http://insidethecoldwar.org/sites/default/files/documents/Lincoln%20Memorial%20Quotations_0.pdf Abraham Lincoln: Words Inscribed on the Lincoln Memorial Washington, D.C.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032418/http://insidethecoldwar.org/sites/default/files/documents/Lincoln%20Memorial%20Quotations_0.pdf |date=2020-11-12 }}</ref>
==References==
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*{{cite book|title=The Complete ArtScroll Machzor – Rosh Hashanah|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=1985|edition=1st|publisher=Mesorah Publications Ltd.|isbn=978-0-89906-676-9}}
*{{cite book|title=The Complete ArtScroll Machzor – Yom Kippur|first=Rabbi Nosson|last=Scherman|year=1986|edition=1st|publisher=Mesorah Publications Ltd.|isbn=0-89906-677-1}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?
==External links==
{{Wikisource|Bible (King James)/Psalms#Psalm 19|Psalm 19}}
{{
* {{IMSLP|work=Category:Pieces with text from Psalm 19|cname=Pieces with text from Psalm 19}}
* {{CPDL|work=Psalm 19}}
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* [https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/daily-prayer/psalter/psalm-19 Psalm 19 / Refrain: The commandment of the Lord is pure / and gives light to the eyes.] [[Church of England]]
* [https://hymnary.org/browse/scripture/Psalms/19?sort=totalInstances Hymns for Psalm 19] hymnary.org
* [http://psalms.schechter.edu/2010/06/psalm-19-from-heaven-to-torah-to-man.html Rabbi Benjamin Segal's commentary on Psalm 19] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530125855/http://psalms.schechter.edu/2010/06/psalm-19-from-heaven-to-torah-to-man.html |date=2016-05-30 }}
* [http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/matthew-henry-complete/psalms/19.html Matthew Henry's commentary on Psalm 19] ([[Matthew Henry]] (1662–1714) was a post-Reformation scholar)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110514041927/http://www.spurgeon.org/treasury/ps019.htm Charles Spurgeon's commentary on Psalm 19] ([[Charles Spurgeon]] (1834–1892) was England's best-known preacher for the second half of the 19th century.)
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{{Psalms}}
[[category:Texts assigned to David]]
[[Category:Psalms|019]]
[[Category:Shacharit for Shabbat and Yom Tov]]
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