Southern Min: Difference between revisions

| region = {{cslist|semi=yes|[[Fujian]]|[[Chaoshan]]{{efn|group=ibox|[[Chaozhou]]–[[Shantou]]}} and [[Leizhou Peninsula]] in [[Guangdong]]|extreme south of [[Zhejiang]]|much of [[Hainan]] {{midsize|''([[Hainanese]])''}}|most of [[Taiwan]]|[[Hong Kong]]|parts of [[Malaysia]]|[[Singapore]]|[[Philippines]]|[[Thailand]]|[[Indonesia]]|[[Hong Kong]]|[[Brunei]]|[[Cambodia]]|[[Myanmar]]|[[Vietnam]]}}

| child4 = [[Datian Min|Datian]] {{midsize|''(transitional)''}}

'''Southern Min''' ({{zh|s={{linktext|闽南语}}|t={{linktext|閩南語}}|l=Southern FujianMin language|p=Mǐnnányǔ|poj=Bân-lâm-gí/gú}}), '''Minnan''' (<small>[[Standard Chinese|Mandarin]] pronunciation:</small> {{IPAc-cmn|m|in|3|.|n|an|2}}) or '''Banlam''' ({{IPA|nan|bàn.lǎm}}), is a group of linguistically similar and historically related [[Varieties of Chinese|Chinese languages]] that form a branch of [[Min Chinese]] spoken in [[Fujian]] (especially the [[Minnan region]]), most of [[Taiwan]] (many citizens are descendants of settlers from Fujian), Eastern [[Guangdong]], [[Hainan]], and Southern [[Zhejiang]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Cai Zhu|first1=Huang Guo|title=Chinese language|date=1 October 2015|publisher=Fujian Education Publishing House|location=Xiamen|isbn=978-7533469511}}</ref> Southern Min dialects are also spoken by descendants of [[Overseas Chinese|emigrants from these areas]] in [[diaspora]], most notably in [[Southeast Asia]], such as [[Singaporean Hokkien|Singapore]], [[Southern Peninsular Malaysian Hokkien|Malaysia]], the [[Philippine Hokkien|Philippines]], [[Medan Hokkien|Indonesia]], [[Ethnic Chinese in Brunei|Brunei]], [[Thai Chinese#Hokkien|Southern Thailand]], [[Chinese people in Myanmar#Hokkien|Myanmar]], [[Cambodian Hokkien|Cambodia]], [[Hoa people#Ancestral affiliations|Southern and Central Vietnam]], [[Chinese in San Francisco|San Francisco]], [[Chinese in Los Angeles|Los Angeles]] and [[Chinese in New York City|New York City]]. Minnan is the most widely-spoken branch of Min, with approximately 48 million speakers as of 2017–2018.<ref>{{Ethnologue23|nan}}</ref>

There are many Southern Min speakers among [[overseas Chinese]] in [[Southeast Asia]]. Many ethnic [[Chinese people|Chinese]] immigrants to the region were [[Hoklo people|Hoklo]] from southern Fujian and brought the language to what is now present-day [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]] (formerly [[British Malaya]], the [[Straits Settlements]], and [[British Borneo]]), [[Indonesia]] (the former [[Dutch East Indies]]), the [[Philippines]] (former [[Spanish East Indies]] and later, [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|US Philippine Islands (P.I.)]]), [[Brunei]] (former part of [[British Borneo]]), [[Southern Thailand]], [[Myanmar]] ([[British rule in Burma|British Burma]]), [[Cambodia]] (former [[French protectorate of Cambodia|French Cambodia]] of [[French Indochina]]), [[Southern Vietnam|Southern]] [[Vietnam]] (former [[French Cochinchina]] of [[French Indochina]]) and [[Central Vietnam|Central]] [[Vietnam]] (former [[Annam (French protectorate)|French Annam]] of [[French Indochina]]). In general, Southern Min from southern Fujian is known as [[Hokkien]], Hokkienese, Fukien, or Fookien in [[Southeast Asia]] and is mostly mutually intelligible with Hokkien spoken elsewhere. Many [[Southeast Asia]]n ethnic Chinese also originated in the [[Chaoshan]] region of [[Guangdong]] and speak [[Teochew language]], the variant of Southern Min from that region, particularly [[Thailand]], [[Cambodia]], [[Southern Vietnam]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Indonesia]], etc. In the [[Philippines]], [[Philippine Hokkien]] is reportedly the [[First language|native]] or [[heritage language]] of up to 98.7% of the [[Chinese Filipino]] community in the Philippines, among whom it itself is known in [[Hokkien]] {{zh|t=|poj=Lán-nâng-ōe / Lán-lâng-ōe / Nán-nâng-ōe|l=our people's language|c=咱人話 / 咱儂話|s=|p=}}.

There are two or three divisions of Southern Min, depending on the criteria for Leizhou and Hainanese inclusion :

*'''NorthernSouthern Min'''

***[[Cangnan]]
***[[Quanzhou]], [[Zihu]]

**'''Central-Southern'''

***'''Central'''

****[[Zhangzhou]]

****[[Longyan]], [[Datian County|Datian]]

***'''Southern'''

****Guangdong

*****? [[Haifeng]]

*****[[Jieyang]], [[Chaoyang District, Shantou|Chaoyang]]

****Hainan

*****[[Leizhou]]

*****[[Haikou]]

Teo-Swa or Chaoshan speech ({{Zh|c=潮汕片|s=|t=|labels=no}}) is a closely related variant of Southern Min that includes the [[Jieyang|Kekyeo dialect]]，, [[Teochew dialect|Teochew]] and [[Shantou dialect|Swatow]] dialects, and some consider [[Haklau Min]] to also be part of. It has limited mutual intelligibility with Hokkien, though they share some [[cognate]]s with each other. Chaoshan Min is significantly different from Hokkien in both pronunciation and vocabulary, and mutual intelligibility is difficult.<ref>{{e18|nan Minnan}}</ref>

* {{cite web |author=Iûⁿ, Ún-giân |script-title=zh:台語線頂字典 |language=nan, zh-TW |trans-title=Taiwanese Hokkien Online Character Dictionary |url=http://210.240.194.97/TG/jitian/tgjt.asp |access-date=2015-02-06 |archive-date=2018-12-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225061147/http://210.240.194.97/TG/jitian/tgjt.asp%20 |url-status=dead }}