Cyrillic alphabets: Difference between revisions

Unlike the [[Latin script]], which is usually adapted to different languages by adding diacritical marks/supplementary glyphs (such as accents, umlauts, tildesacutes and cedillascarons) to standard Roman letters, by assigning new phonetic values to existing letters (''e.g.'' {{angbr|cq}}, whose original value in [[Latin]] was /k/, represents /tsg/ in [[WestAzerbaijani Slavic languageslanguage|Azerbaijani]], /ʕt͡ɕʰ/ in [[Somali languagePinyin|SomaliMandarin Chinese Pinyin]], /t͡ʃq/ in manya lot of Africanother languages and /d͡ʒǃ/ in some [[TurkishBantu language|Turkishlanguages]]), or by the use of [[Digraph (orthography)|digraphs]] (such as {{angbr|sh}}, {{angbr|ch}}, {{angbr|ng}} and {{angbr|ny}}), the Cyrillic script is usually adapted by the creation of entirely new letter shapes. However, in some alphabets invented in the 19th century, such as [[Mari language|Mari]], [[Udmurt language|Udmurt]] and [[Chuvash language|Chuvash]], [[umlaut (diacritic)|umlauts]] and [[breve]]s also were used.

{{Cyrillic alphabet navbox}}Non-Slavic alphabets are generally modelled after [[Russian alphabet|Russian]], but often bear striking differences, particularly when adapted for [[Caucasian languages]]. The first few of these alphabets were developed by Orthodox missionaries for the Finnic and Turkic peoples of [[Idel-Ural]] ([[Mari people|Mari]], [[Udmurt people|Udmurt]], [[Mordvin people|Mordva]], [[Chuvash people|Chuvash]], and [[Kerashen Tatars]]) in the 1870s. Later, such alphabets were created for some of the [[Siberia]]n and [[Caucasus]] peoples who had recently converted to Christianity. In the 1930s, some of those languages were switched to the [[Uniform Turkic Alphabet]]. All of the peoples of the former Soviet Union who had been using an [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] or othera different Asian script ([[Mongolian script]] etc.) also adopted Cyrillic alphabets, and during the [[Great Purge]] in the late 1930s, all of the [[Latin script|Latin alphabets]] of the peoples of the Soviet Union were switched to Cyrillic as well ([[Lithuania]], [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]] were occupied and annexed by Soviet Union in 1940, and were not affected by this change). The Abkhazian and Ossetian languages were switched to [[Georgian script]], but after the death of [[Joseph Stalin]], both also adopted Cyrillic. The last language to adopt Cyrillic was the [[Gagauz language]], which had used [[Greek script]] before.

| [[Short I]]{{efn|{{lang-ru|и краткое}}, ''{{transliteration|ru|i kratkoye}}''; {{lang-bg|и кратко}}, ''{{transliteration|bg|i kratko}}''. Both mean "short i".}}/I kratkaya

* [[Eastern South Slavic|East South Slavic languages]] and [[East Slavic languages]], such as [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] and [[Russian language|Russian]], often share the following letters, among others: Й, Щ, Ы, Ь (soft sign), Ю, Я

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Б|Б б (δ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[В|В в (ɞ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Г|Г г (ƨ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Д|Д д (ɡ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[И|И и (u)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Й|Й й (ŭ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[К|К к (k)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Л|Л л (Ʌ ʌ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[П|П п (n)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Т|Т т (m)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ц|Ц ц (ų)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Ш|Ш ш (ɯ)]]

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | [[Щ|Щ щ (ɯ̨)]]

* Ъ represents the vowel {{IPA|/ɤ/}}, and is called "ер голям" (IPA: {{IPA|[ˈɛr ɡoˈʎam]}}) ('big er'). Despite the official name being "big er", the letter is only referred to as that in the context of the alphabet, and is usually called {{IPA|/ɤ/}} in common speech . The vowel Ъ {{IPA|/ɤ/}} is sometimes approximated to the {{IPA|/ə/}} ([[schwa]]) sound found in many languages for easier comprehension of its Bulgarian pronunciation for foreigners, but it is actually a back vowel, not a central vowel.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

| style="width:3em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" | Г г

* Before 1933, the letter [[Ghe with upturn|Ґ ґ]] (Ge) was used, although its use was optional.

[[File:Romanian Cyrillic alphabet chart.svg|thumb|right|250px|Romanian Cyrillic alphabet]]

[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] can be alternatively written in the Latin alphabet. Latin is goingexpected to beentirely thereplace onlyCyrillic used alphabet inby 2031, alongside the modified [[Arabic alphabet]] (in the [[People's Republic of China]], [[Iran]] and [[Afghanistan]]).

{{Main article|AbkhazAbaza language}}

| Ҳ ҳ || Ҳә ҳә || Ц ц || Цә цә || Ҵ ҵ || Ҵә ҵә || Ч ч || ЧӀ чӏ | Ҷ ҷ || ҶӀ ҷӏ || Ҽ ҽ