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{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Yambol
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}}
'''Yambol''' ({{lang-bg|Ямбол}} {{IPA
Yambol is the administrative center of two municipalities. One is [[Yambol Municipality]], which covers the city itself, and the other is [[Tundzha Municipality]], which covers the rural areas around Yambol.{{historical populations|1887|11241|1910|15975|1934|24920|1946|30576|1956|42333|1965|58465|1975|75766|1985|90215|1992|91497|2001|82649|2011|74132|2021|61766|align=right|cols=1|source=Censuses<ref name="BAN">{{cite web |url=http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2010-02-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706142758/http://www.geography.iit.bas.bg/2009/1-09/13-17.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-06 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Cities of Bulgaria|url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/bulgaria-cities.htm|date=2024-04-03}}</ref>}}
==History==
[[File:Church St.Nikolay.jpg|thumb|Church of St Nicholas in the winter]]
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[[File:City Library and Central Post Office - Yambol, BULGARIA.jpg|thumb|City Library and Central Post Office]]
The area surrounding Yambol has been inhabited since the [[Neolithic]] Era. The ancient [[Thracians|Thracian]] royal city of '''[[Kabile]]''' or '''Kabyle''' ({{lang-bg|Кабиле}}), dating from the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, was located 10 km from current-day Yambol. It was one of Thracians' most important cities and contained one of the kings' palaces. The city was conquered by King [[Philip II of Macedon]] in 341 BCE and was re-established as an [[Ancient Greeks|Ancient Greek]] ''polis''.<ref name="Inventory">An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen,2005,Index - Founded by Phillip II</ref><ref>Fol, Aleksandar. The Thracian Royal city of Kabyle. - In: Settlement Life in Ancient Thrace. IIIrd International Symposium "Cabyle", 17–21 May 1993 Jambol. Jambol, 53-55.</ref><ref>"The Thracian Royal City of Cabyle" in A. Poulter (ed.), ''Ancient Bulgaria: Papers presented to the International Symposium on the Ancient History and Archaeology of Bulgaria'', University of Nottingham, 1983, pp. 233–238.</ref> After the collapse of [[Alexander the Great]]’s empire in the 3rd century BCE, Kabile was ruled by the Thracians once again. It was conquered by the Romans in 71 BCE and later incorporated into the Roman province of Thrace. By 136 CE, Kabile was one of the largest Roman military bases in the region housing at least 600 soldiers. A large residence for military officers has recently been excavated in the archaeological park at Kabile.<ref>Archaeologists Find Roman Military Officers’ Residence (Tribunorium) in Ancient Thracian City Kabile near Bulgaria’s Yambol: {{cite web|url=http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/2017/11/14/archaeologists-find-roman-military-officers-residence-tribunorium-ancient-thracian-city-kabile-near-bulgarias-yambol/
Kabile was expanded by [[Roman Emperor]] [[Diocletian]] in 293 CE. Although it was named '''Diospolis''' (Διόςπόλις in [[Greek language|Greek]] 'city of [[Zeus]]'), the name also reflected the first syllable of emperor Diocletian's name. The name later evolved through '''Diampolis''' (Διάμπόλις), '''Hiambouli''' (Ηιάμβόυλι; in Byzantine chronicles), '''Dinibouli''' ({{lang|ar|دنبلي}}; Arabic chronicles), '''Dbilin''' (Дбилин; in Bulgarian inscriptions), and '''Diamboli''' or '''Jamboli''' (Диамбоюли) to become '''Yambol'''. Prior to the [[Reforms of Bulgarian orthography|1945 spelling reform]], the name was rendered with an additional ''yer'' at the end, as '''Ямболъ'''.
Kabile was conquered by the Goths in the 4th century CE and was destroyed by the [[Avars (Carpathians)|Avars]] in 583. As the [[Slavs]] and [[Bulgars]] arrived in the [[Balkans]] in the [[Middle Ages]], the Kabile fortress was contested by the [[First Bulgarian Empire]] and the [[Byzantine Empire|Eastern Roman Empire]]. It ultimately became part of Bulgaria in 705 CE during the reign of Khan Tervel and has been an important [[Bulgaria]]n center ever since.
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During the reign of [[Kaloyan of Bulgaria|Tsar Kaloyan]], the city again increased in importance, mainly due to the ongoing conflict between Bulgaria and the crusaders. A major battle between Tsar Kaloyan and the crusaders happened in 1204 CE, about 80 kilometers south-west of the town, where Bulgaria defeated the crusaders in the [[Battle of Adrianople (1205)|battle of Adrianopole]] on 14 April 1205.
The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottomans]] conquered Yambol in 1373 CE, but a militarized, semi-independent Bulgarian population remained as voyinuks in the southern part of the city.<ref>Дългата обсада на Ямболската крепост, стр. 24</ref> It was renamed to "Yanbolu". It was kaza center, which was bound successively to [[Ormenio|Çirmen]] Sanjak (Its center was [[Edirne]]) of [[Rumelia Eyalet]] (1364–1420), [[Silistra|Silistre]] Sanjak of Rumelia Eyalet (1420-1593),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.firat.edu.tr/sosyalbil/dergi/arsiv/cilt12/sayi1/261-282.pdf |title=Data |website=firat.edu.tr |access-date=2017-10-05 |archive-date=2012-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120131160308/http://web.firat.edu.tr/sosyalbil/dergi/arsiv/cilt12/sayi1/261-282.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Silistre Sanjak of [[Silistra Eyalet|Silistre Eyalet]] (1593–1830), [[Sliven|İslimye]] Sanjak of [[Edirne Vilayet]] (
The predominant religion in Yambol is [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]]. Many local churches were erected in 1888. These include the [[Holy Trinity]] church, the St George church,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://wikimapia.org/2616782/St-George-Church|title="St. George" Church - Yambol|website=wikimapia.org}}</ref> and the St Nicholas cathedral,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.stnicholascenter.org/gazetteer/3896|title=Church of Saint Nicholas ::: St. Nicholas Center|website=www.stnicholascenter.org}}</ref> the largest of them being the St. Nicholas cathedral. [[Eastern Rite Catholic]] and [[Protestant]] religious buildings also exist in Yambol.
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In modern times, Yambol was the center of Yambol ''Okolia'' starting in 1878 and then Yambol ''Okrug'' starting in 1948. In 1984 it became part of the newly formed Burgas Oblast where it remained for 10 years. Since the early 1990s, Yambol has been the center of Yambol Oblast (or Yambol Municipality).
The city was affected by the turmoils of the early 20th century. Bulgarian refugees from [[East Thrace]], attacked by the Turkish Army in a 1913 [[ethnic cleansing]] campaign against [[Thracian Bulgarians]], settled in the city. Yambol's Greek population (around 20 families) left for Greece during that exchange of refugee populations. Yambol also hosted Bulgarian Macedonian refugees from the failed 1903 [[Ilinden Uprising]]. During [[World War I]], Yambol hosted a base for [[Luftstreitkräfte]] ([[German Empire|Imperial German]] Army Air Service) [[zeppelin]]s used for missions in [[Romania]], [[Russia]], [[Sudan]] and [[Malta]]. The city was chosen by the Germans due to its favorable location and weather conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bezmer.info/Bezmer_guide_for_US%20military.pdf |title=
In the early 21st century, the city became the first one in Bulgaria to offer natural gas for residential use.
== Population ==
In the first decade after the [[liberation of Bulgaria]] from the Ottoman Empire, the population of Yambol exceeded 10,000. In 1887, it was 11,241.<ref name="BAN" /> Since then, it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of migrants from rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns. Yambol's population reached its peak in the period of
▲In the first decade after the [[liberation of Bulgaria]] from the Ottoman Empire, the population of Yambol exceeded 10,000. In 1887, it was 11,241.<ref name="BAN"/> Since then, it started growing decade by decade, mostly because of migrants from rural areas and the surrounding smaller towns. Yambol's population reached its peak in the period of 1985-1992, exceeding 90,000.<ref name="population"/> After this peak, the population started decreasing due to the economic situation in Bulgaria during the 1990s, which led to migration to Burgas. As of February 2011, the city had a population of 74,132 residents. The population of [[Tundzha Municipality]], of which the city is the administrative center, was 98,287.<ref name="cities census 2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.nsi.bg/ORPDOCS/Census2011_1.pop_by_age.xls |title=National Statistical Institute - Main Towns Census 2011 |access-date=2013-08-20 |archive-date=2013-09-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130908134107/http://www.nsi.bg/ORPDOCS/Census2011_1.pop_by_age.xls |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Economy ==
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Total: 74,132
==
===Climate===
The climate in Yambol is moderate with influences from both the Black Sea (from the East) and the Aegean Sea (from the South).
{{Weather box
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