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{{Short description|River in Central Asia, through northwest China and southeast Kazakhstan}}
{{use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox river
| name = Ili River
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|map=Lakebalkhashbasinmap.png|map_caption=Map of the [[Lake Balkhash]] drainage basin showing the Ili River and its tributaries, the Kash mistranscribed as 'Kax'}}
The '''Ili River''' ({{lang-ug|ئىلى دەرياسى}}, {{lang|ug|Или Дәряси}}, {{translit|ug|Ili Dəryasi}}; {{lang-kk|Ile}}; {{lang-ru|Или}}; {{lang-zh|伊犁河}}, {{translit|zh|Yīlí Hé}}; {{lang-dng|Йили хә}},
It is {{convert|1439|km|mi}} long (including its source river the Tekes),<ref name=bse>[http://bse.sci-lib.com/article052585.html Или], [[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]</ref> {{convert|815|km|mi}} of which is in Kazakhstan. The river originates from the Tekes and [[Künes River|Künes]] rivers in Eastern [[Tian Shan]]. The Ili drains the basin between the Tian Shan and the [[Borohoro Mountains]]. Flowing into [[Lake Balkhash]], the Ili forms a large [[river delta|delta]] with vast wetland regions of lakes, marshes and vegetation.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Ili-River Ili River]</ref><ref>[https://kazakhstan.orexca.com/ili_river_kazakhstan.shtml Ili river Kazakhstan]</ref>
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{{anchor|Etymology|Names|Toponymy}}
==Name==
The river's name is usually taken to derive from [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] {{translit|mn|il}} ({{lang|mn|{{linktext|ил}}}}, "open, clear, obvious") in reference to its wide central valley.{{sfnp|Borlykova
Mentions of ''Ili'' river can be traced back to the [[Mahmud al-Kashgari]]'s dictionary of Turkic languages, the ''Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk'' (written in 1072–74). In the book, the author defines it in the following way: "Ili, the name of a river. Turkic tribes of ''Yaghma'', ''Tokhsi'' and ''Chiglig'' live on its banks. Turkish countries regard the river as their Jayhoun ([[Amu Darya]])."<ref>{{cite book |first=Mahmud |last=Kashgari
== Chinese region ==
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The upper Ili Valley is separated from the [[Dzungaria|Dzungarian Basin]] in the north by the Borohoro Mountains, and from the [[Tarim Basin]] in the south by the [[Tian Shan]]. This region was the stronghold of the [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] administration in Xinjiang in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It was occupied by Russia from 1871 to 1881 (from the [[Yakub Beg of Yettishar|Yaqub Beg]] rebellion until the [[Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)]]).
Presently, the region forms part of Xinjiang's [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]]. The main city of the region, [[Yining City|Yining]] (Kulja), is located on the northern side of the river (about {{convert|100|km|mi}} upstream from the international border). Until the early 1900s, the city was commonly known under the same name as the river, {{lang|zh|伊犁}} ([[Pinyin]]: {{transl|zh|Pinyin|Yīlí}}; [[Wade-Giles]]: {{transl|zh|Ili}}). [[Qapqal Xibe Autonomous County]] in located on the southern side, which is home to many of China's [[Xibe people]] (who resettled there in the 18th century as part of the Manchu Garrison).
There are at least two dams on the Ili's tributary, the Kash River ({{lang|zh|喀什河}}), in [[Nilka County]], at {{coord|43|51|40|N|82|50|52|E|display=inline|region:CN-62_type:landmark}} and
{{coord|43|51|14|N|82|48|08|E|display=inline|region:CN-62_type:landmark}}. At least two dams have been constructed on the Ili's left tributary, the Tekes River, and the Qiapuqihai Hydropower Station ({{lang|zh|恰甫其海水电站}}) in [[Tokkuztara County]] ({{coord|43|18|14|N|82|29|05|E|display=inline|region:CN-62_type:landmark}}). There is also another smaller dam at {{coord|43|23|41|N|82|29|20|E|display=inline|region:CN-62_type:landmark}}, on the border of Tokkuztara and [[Künes County|Künes]] Counties.
== Kazakh region ==
[[File:Kapchagay lake.jpg|thumb|On the Kapchagay Reservoir]]
The Ili is the main watercourse of the [[Balkhash-Alakol Basin]]. The region of Kazakhstan partially drained by the Ili and its tributaries is known in Kazakh as [[Jetisu|Zhetysu]] ('Seven Rivers'). In Russian it is known as [[Jetisu|Semirechye]] (meaning the same).
The [[Kapshagay Hydroelectric Power Plant]] was constructed between 1965 and 1970 near [[Kapchagay]] in the middle reaches of the Ili River.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kezer |first1=K. |last2=Matsuyama |first2=H. |year=2006 |title=Decrease of river runoff in the Lake Balkhash basin in Central Asia |journal=Hydrological Processes |volume=20 |issue=6 |pages=1407–1423 |doi=10.1002/hyp.6097 |bibcode=2006HyPr...20.1407K |s2cid=128565175 }}</ref> This currently comprises the [[Kapchagay Reservoir]], an artificial {{convert|110|km|mi|-1}} long lake north of [[Almaty]].
The Tamgaly-Tas, a protected site that comprises [[rock drawings]], is located {{convert|20|km|mi}} downstream along the Ili River. The name
== Ili Delta ==
[[File:Balkhash labeled eng.jpg|thumbnail|Balkhash lake with Ili delta]]
The Ili River flows into the southeastern edge of [[Lake Balkhash]], where it forms a large delta of about {{convert|8000|km2|mi2}}. The delta is situated between the [[Saryesik-Atyrau Desert]] and the Taukum Desert. An area of {{cvt|9,766|km2}}
The Government of Kazakhstan plans{{as of?|date=July 2024}} to join the three sanctuaries Balkash, Karoy and Kukan (situated in the delta) into one National Park.<ref>
Reintroduction of the [[Bactrian deer]], another prey of the Caspian tiger, is currently{{when?|date=July 2024}} under consideration. Another potential prey species considered to be reintroduced is the [[Asiatic wild ass]].<ref>{{cite report |first=Hartmut |last=Jungius
== Historical connections ==
The
The amount of precipitation in summer reaches {{convert|150|-|250|m3}}.{{cn|date=July
==Fishing==
{{no sources section|date=July 2024}}
On the river, the most popular type of fishing is fishing of catfish, one of the largest aquatic predators, which may reach {{convert|5
==Gallery==
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===Bibliography===
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* {{
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