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{{Short description|Smoked Polish sausage}}
{{For-multi|the surname|Kiełbasa (surname)|the song by Tenacious D|Tenacious D (album)}}
{{Infobox food
| name = Kielbasa
| image = Kielbasa.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption = Four types of kiełbasa made in [[Poland]]: biała kiełbasa (white sausage), a slice of kiełbasa [[krakowska]], the thin [[kabanos]] (pl. 'kabanosy'), and kiełbasa wiejska (farmhouse sausage)
| alternate_name =
| country = [[Poland]]
| creator =
| course = Main
| type = [[Sausage]]
| served =
| main_ingredient = [[Meat]] ([[pork]], [[beef]], [[turkey as food|turkey]], [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[chicken as food|chicken]] or [[veal]])
| variations =
| calories =
| other =
}}
'''Kielbasa''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|k|iː|l|ˈ|b|æ|s|ə}}, {{IPAc-en|US|k|iː|l|ˈ|b|ɑː|s|ə|,_|k|ɪ|(|l|)|ˈ|b|ɑː|s|ə}}; from Polish '''{{lang|pl|kiełbasa}}''' {{IPA-pl|kʲɛwˈbasa||pl-kiełbasa.ogg}}){{efn|Other common names include: ''kołbasa'', ''klobasa'', ''kobasa'', ''kolbasi'' and ''kovbasa''. In English, these words contain a particular type of sausage. In the [[Slavic languages]], these are the generic words for all types of sausage, local or foreign.}} is any type of meat [[sausage]] from [[Poland]] and a staple of [[Polish cuisine]]. It is also known in other world cuisines; in [[American English]], the word typically refers to a coarse, U-shaped smoked sausage of any kind of meat, which closely resembles the ''Wiejska'' ''sausage'' (typically pork only).
==Etymology and usage==
The word entered English directly from the [[Polish language|Polish]] ''{{lang|pl|kiełbasa}}'' and Czech ''{{lang|cs|klobása}}'', meaning "sausage". Both these forms can be derived from a [[Proto-Slavic language|Proto-Slavic]] ''*kъlbasa'', which is also the source of Ukrainian {{lang|uk|ковбаса́}}, Croatian ''{{lang|hr|kobasa}}'', etc. This in turn was borrowed from a [[Turkic languages|Turkic]] form equivalent to ''*kol basa'', literally "hand-pressed", or ''*kül basa'', literally "ash-pressed", making it cognate with modern [[Turkish language|Turkish]] ''{{lang|tr|külbastı}}''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=kielbasa|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|work=etymonline.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://kielbasa.askdefinebeta.com/|title=Define kielbasa - Dictionary and Thesaurus|work=askdefine beta.com|access-date=2014-11-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101062454/http://kielbasa.askdefinebeta.com/|archive-date=2018-11-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The terms entered English simultaneously from different sources, which accounts for the different spellings. Usage varies between cultural groups and countries, but overall there is a distinction between American and Canadian usage. In New Jersey, [[Pennsylvania]] and most areas of Greater New York City, a plural Polish transitional form is sometimes seen, ''{{lang|pl|kiełbasy}}'' ({{IPAc-en|k|ɪ|ˈ|b|ɑː|s|i}}).{{cn|date=January 2024}} Canadians also use the word ''kolbassa''<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pillers.com/products/european-deli-specialties/pillers-kolbassa-375g |title=Piller's Kolbassa 375g |website=www.pillers.com |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301021823/https://www.pillers.com/products/european-deli-specialties/pillers-kolbassa-375g |archive-date=1 March 2019 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://brandtmeats.com/products/kolbassa-sausage/ |title=KOLBASSA & SAUSAGE—Brandt Meats |website=brandtmeats.com |access-date=22 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023082648/https://brandtmeats.com/products/kolbassa-sausage/ |archive-date=23 October 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> or ''kubasa'' ({{IPAc-en|k|uː|b|ɑː|ˈ|s|ɑː}} or {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|uː|b|ə|s|ɑː}}), an Anglicization of the Ukrainian {{Transliteration|uk|kovbasa}} ({{lang|uk|ковбаса}}), and [[Alberta]]ns even abbreviate it as ''kubie'' to refer to the sausage eaten on a [[hot dog bun]].{{efn|The Canadian Oxford Dictionary has headwords for the Canadian usage ''kubasa'', as well as the Albertan ''kubie'' and ''kubie burger'', for kielbasa [[Hot dog|dogs]] and [[Hamburger|burger]]s, respectively. These have been made popular by Stawnichy's Meat Processing of Mundare who have been making Ukrainian-style sausage for several months and have a variety of 'Kubie'- derived patties and cutlets. See also [http://www.tabaret.uottawa.ca/article_e_320.html this article] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706211114/http://www.tabaret.uottawa.ca/article_e_320.html |date=July 6, 2011 }}}}
==Varieties and regional variations==
{{More citations needed|section|date=August 2021}}
===Poland===
[[File:Smaki Regionow, Poznan 2016 (MTP) (polskie kielbasy).jpg|thumb|left|A variety of dried sausage in [[Poznań]], Poland]]
[[Sausage]] is a staple of [[Polish cuisine]] and comes in dozens of varieties, [[smoking (food)|smoked]] or fresh, made with [[pork]], [[beef]], [[turkey as food|turkey]], [[lamb and mutton|lamb]], [[chicken as food|chicken]] or [[veal]] with every region having its own speciality. Of these, the ''kiełbasa lisiecka'', produced in [[Małopolskie]],<ref name="POLS-Gov1">[http://www.minrol.gov.pl/index.php?/pol/Jakosc-zywnosci/Produkty-regionalne-i-tradycyjne/Lista-produktow-tradycyjnych/woj.-malopolskie/Kielbasa-lisiecka Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development - Kiełbasa Lisiecka info] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160209085532/http://www.minrol.gov.pl/index.php?%2Fpol%2FJakosc-zywnosci%2FProdukty-regionalne-i-tradycyjne%2FLista-produktow-tradycyjnych%2Fwoj.-malopolskie%2FKielbasa-lisiecka |date=2016-02-09 }} (Polish) (Accessed 1/Nov/2010)</ref> ''kiełbasa biała parzona wielkopolska'' and ''kiełbasa piaszczańska'' are [[Protected Geographical Indication]]s in the EU and the UK.<ref name="EU-DOOR1">[http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/quality/door/registeredName.html?denominationId=2096 EU Directory of PGI/PDO/TSG - Kiełbasa Lisiecka profile] (Accessed 1/Nov/2010)</ref> Furthermore, ''[[Kabanosy staropolskie]]'', ''Kiełbasa jałowcowa staropolska'', ''[[Kiełbasa krakowska sucha staropolska]]'' and ''Kiełbasa myśliwska staropolska'' are [[Traditional Specialities Guaranteed]] in the UK and EU as well.
There are official Polish government guides and classifications of sausages based on size, meat, ready-to-eat or uncooked varieties.<ref name=Marianski>{{cite book|last1=Marianski|first1=Stanley|first2=Miroslaw|last2=Mariański|last3=Gebarowski|title=Polish Sausages, Authentic Recipes and Instructions|year=2009|publisher=Bookmagic|isbn=978-0-9824267-2-2|pages=67–70 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DxgKb9oKuEAC&q=wiejska+Kielbasa&pg=PA67 |access-date=22 September 2010|chapter=4 - Polish Sausages Classification}}</ref>
Originally made at home in [[rural area]]s,<ref name=Strybel>{{cite book|last1=Strybel|first1=Robert|first2=Maria|last2=Strybel|title=Polish Heritage Cookery|year=2005|publisher=Hippocrene Books|isbn=978-0-7818-1124-8|pages=772–795 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UtA6-pyGJmMC&q=Sausage+making%2C+meat+curing+%26+smoking&pg=PA772DQ |access-date=22 September 2010}}</ref> there are a wide variety of recipes for kielbasa preparation at home and for holidays.<ref name="Strybel 2">{{cite book|last=Strybel|first=Robert|title=Polish Holiday Cookery|year=2003|publisher=Hippocrene Books|isbn=978-0-7818-0994-8|pages=115–117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eXuO_-KMm2sC&q=Kielbasa+recipe&pg=PA115 |access-date=22 September 2010}}</ref> Kielbasa is also one of the most traditional foods served at Polish weddings.<ref>{{cite book|last=Webb|first=Lois Sinaiko|title=Multicultural Cookbook of Life-Cycle Celebrations|year=2002|publisher=Greenwood Publishing|isbn=978-1-57356-290-4|pages=227–228 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdLuaG_3LowC&q=Kielbasa+recipe&pg=PA227 |access-date=22 September 2010}}</ref>
====Types====
[[File:Kiełbasa krakowska 2.jpg|thumb|Kiełbasa ''[[krakowska]]'', also called "Krakauer", which originated in the city of [[Kraków]]]]
* ''[[kabanos]]'', a thin, air-dried sausage flavoured with [[caraway]] seed, originally made of pork, sometimes a horse meat variation may be found.
* ''kiełbasa odesska'', made with beef.
* ''kiełbasa wędzona'', Polish smoked sausage, used often in soups.
* ''[[krakowska]]'', a thick, straight sausage hot-smoked with pepper and garlic; its name comes from [[Kraków]]
* ''wiejska'' ({{IPA|pol|ˈvʲejska|}}), farmhouse or countryside sausage, often in a large U. Pork and veal sausage with [[marjoram]] and [[garlic]], sometimes also containing small amounts of [[coriander]]; its name means "rural" or (an [[Adjective|adjectival]] use of) "country", or (adjectival use of) "village".
* ''weselna'', "[[wedding]]" sausage, medium thick, u-shaped smoked sausage; often eaten during parties, but not exclusively.
* ''[[kaszanka]]'', ''kiszka'' or ''krupniok'' is a traditional [[blood sausage]] or [[black pudding]]. An [[Upper Silesia]]n version using breadcrumbs instead of groat is called ''żymlok'' from "żymła" – bread roll .
* ''[[myśliwska]]'' is a smoked, dried pork sausage, similar to ''[[kabanos]]'' but much thicker.
* '' kiełbasa biała'', a white sausage sold uncooked and often used in soups such as ''[[sour rye soup|barszcz biały]]', probably of Bavarian or [[Thuringian sausage|Thuringian]] origin.
The most popular kiełbasa is also called "Kiełbasa Polska" ("Polish Sausage") or "Kiełbasa Starowiejska" ("Old Countryside Sausage").{{cn|date=January 2024}}
In Poland, kiełbasa is often served garnished with fried onions. Smoked kiełbasa can be served cold, hot, boiled, baked or grilled. It is used in soups such as ''[[sour rye soup|żurek]]'' (sour rye soup), ''kapuśniak'' (cabbage soup), or ''grochówka'' (pea soup), baked or cooked with [[sauerkraut]], or added to bean dishes and stews (notably ''[[bigos]]'', a Polish national dish). Kiełbasa is also very popular served as a cold cut on a platter, usually for an appetizer at traditional Polish parties. It is also a common snack (''zagrycha'') served with beer or plain vodka.
===Ukraine===
In Ukraine, kielbasa is called "kovbasa". It is a general term that refers to a variety of sausages, including "domashnia" (homemade kovbasa), "pechinkova" (liver kovbasa), and "budzhena" (smoked kovbasa).
It is served in a variety of ways, such as fried with onions atop [[varenyky]], sliced on [[rye bread]], or eaten with an egg. In Ukraine kovbasa may be roasted in an oven on both sides and stored in ceramic pots with [[lard]]. The sausage is often made at home; however, it has become increasingly common at markets and even supermarkets. Kovbasa also tends to accompany [[pysanky]] and krashanky (dyed and decorated eggs) as well as the Orthodox Easter bread, [[Paska (bread)|paska]], in baskets which is blessed by the Ukrainian Orthodox priests with [[holy water]] before being consumed.
The most generic forms of Ukrainian kovbasa include garlic. Those in the [[Ukrainian SSR]] of the [[Collapse of the Soviet Union|late Soviet Union]] who prioritised welfare and economic issues over the 'national question' (independence) were often referred to as having a 'kovbasa mentality'.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Ukraińska kiełbasa domowa, przepis na wieprzową kiełbasę [WIDEO]|url=https://beszamel.se.pl/jak-zrobic/ukrainska-kielbasa-domowa-przepis-na-wieprzowa-kielbase-wideo,18172/|access-date=2020-09-24|website=beszamel.se.pl|language=pl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Kuzio, Taras.|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/43342377|title=Ukraine : perestroika to independence.|date=2000|publisher=Macmillan|isbn=0-333-73844-6|oclc=43342377}}</ref>
===Hungary===
{{Main|Kolbász}}
Kolbász is the Hungarian word for sausage. [[Hungarian cuisine]] produces a vast number of types of sausages. The most common smoked Hungarian sausages are Gyulai Kolbász, Csabai Kolbász, Csemege Kolbász, Házi Kolbász, Cserkész Kolbász, lightly smoked, like Debreceni Kolbász (or Debreciner) and Lecsókolbász, a spicy sausage made specifically for serving as part of the dish Lecsó, a vegetable stew with peppers and tomatoes. Hungarian boiled sausage types are called "hurka": either liver sausage, "májas", or blood sausage, "véres". The main ingredient is liver and rice, or blood and rice. Salt, pepper, and spices are optionally added. Butter is not.
===Slovenia===
The ''kranjska klobasa'' "[[Carniolan sausage]]" closely resembling the Polish ''kiełbasa wiejska'' is the best known [[Slovenia]]n sausage.
===United States===
[[File:Kielbasa Contest.JPG|thumb|right|Kielbasa eating contest held in [[Kansas City]]]]
In the United States, kielbasa which may also be referred to as ''Polish sausage'' in some areas, is widely available in grocery stores and speciality import markets. While the smoked variety is more commonly found, the uncured variety is often available, particularly in areas with large Polish populations. Several sandwiches featuring the sausage as a main ingredient have become iconic in local cuisines including Chicago's [[Maxwell Street Polish]],<ref>Clark, Sandy Thorne. (2006-6-26), "Getting a taste of Chicago: City's signature flavors have tourists and locals lining up for more, more, more", ''Chicago Sun-Times'', S1.</ref> Cleveland's [[Polish Boy]],<ref>{{cite news |title=The Best Sandwiches in America |url=http://www.esquire.com/features/food-drink/sandwiches |work=[[Esquire (magazine)|Esquire]] |date=2008-02-16 |access-date=2016-08-22}}</ref> and several offerings from [[Primanti Brothers]] in Pittsburgh.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pittsburgh.about.com/od/dining/fr/primantis.htm |title=Primanti Brothers Restaurant |access-date=2016-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826084646/http://pittsburgh.about.com/od/dining/fr/primantis.htm |archive-date=2016-08-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
===Canada===
In Canada, varieties typical of Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Czech Republic, western Ukraine, and elsewhere are available in supermarkets, and more specific varieties can be found in specialty shops. The world's largest display model of a Ukrainian sausage is a [[roadside attraction]] in [[Mundare]], [[Alberta]], the home of Stawnichy's Meat Processing.<ref name=mundare1>{{cite web|url=http://www.mundaresausage.com/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060514154030/http://www.mundaresausage.com/|archive-date=2006-05-14 |title=Mundare Sausage Index Page |publisher=Mundare Sausage.com |access-date=2010-09-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mundare.ca/Giant-Sausage |title=Giant Sausage - Town of Mundare |publisher=Mundare.ca |access-date=2010-09-22 |archive-date=2010-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715150815/http://www.mundare.ca/Giant-Sausage |url-status=dead }}</ref>
===Elsewhere===
[[File:Kielbasy made in Harbin, China.jpg|thumb|Kielbasy made in Harbin, modern China]]
In Russia, it is known as ''kolbasa'' (колбаса {{IPA|ru|kəɫbɐˈsa|pron}}), mentioned as early as the 12th century{{cn|date=November 2023}} in [[Birch bark manuscript]] number 842. In the Russian language the word ''kolbasa'' refers to all sausage-like meat products including salami and [[Bologna sausage|bologna]]. Similar sausages are found in other countries as well, notably the Czech Republic (spelled "klobása", or regionally "klobás"), Slovakia (spelled "klobása"), and Slovenia (spelled "klobása"). In Croatia, as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Serbia, this sausage is called "kobasica" or "kobasa", while in Bulgaria and North Macedonia it is called "kolbas".) In [[Austria]], it is called "Klobassa" (similar to the neighbouring Slavic-speaking countries). In South Africa, this type of sausage is known as the "Russian" sausage, and is often deep-fried and served with chips as fast food.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/south-african-foods-different-names-rest-world/|title = South African foods that the rest of the world knows by a different name|date = 5 July 2019}}</ref>
In China, where once prominent [[White émigré]] residents fleeing from the [[Russian Civil War]] were concentrated, the food was gradually localized around major hubs. Even though [[Harbin Russian]] residents are scarce today, Kielbasa remains in production that inherited to local residents until today in Harbin.
==See also==
{{Portal|Food}}
*[[Charcuterie]]
*[[Salumi]]
*[[Sucuk]]
== Explanatory notes ==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20091019223846/http://www.polishfoodinfo.com/polish-food/delicacies/82-polish-sausages-polish-kielbasa.html Polish Kielbasa (Polish Sausage)]
*[http://www.labuznik.cz/recept/domaci-uzene-klobasy/ Czech klobásy recipe] {{in lang|cs}}
{{Sausage}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cuisine of Manitoba]]
[[Category:Cuisine of the Midwestern United States]]
[[Category:Culture of Cleveland]]
[[Category:Lithuanian cuisine]]
[[Category:Lunch meat]]
[[Category:Polish cuisine]]
[[Category:Polish products with protected designation of origin]]
[[Category:Polish sausages]]
[[Category:Polish-American culture in Chicago]]
[[Category:Sausages]]
[[Category:Slovak cuisine]]
[[Category:Smoked meat]]
[[Category:Ukrainian sausages]]
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