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{{Short description|Multi-parasport event in
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox Olympic games|1992|Summer|Paralympics|
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| host_city = [[Barcelona]] and [[Madrid]], Spain
| motto = ''Sport Without Limits''<br />({{lang-ca|Esport Sense Límits}})<br />({{lang-es|Deporte Sin Límites}})
| nations = 82 (BCN)<br />75 (MAD)<ref name=IPCgeninfo>{{cite web |title=Barcelona 1992 – General Information |publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]] |year=2008 |url=http://www.paralympic.org/Paralympic_Games/Past_Games/Barcelona_1992/index.html |access-date=2011-07-12 |archive-date=26 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110526102854/http://www.paralympic.org/Paralympic_Games/Past_Games/Barcelona_1992/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
| athletes = 3,020 (BCN)<br />1,600 (MAD)<ref name=IPCgeninfo/><ref name="paralympicanorak">{{cite web |url=http://paralympicanorak.wordpress.com/2012/06/25/madrid-1992-the-paralympic-games-that-time-forgot/ |title=Madrid 1992 – the Paralympic Games that time forgot! |publisher=Paralympicanorak.wordpress.com |date=25 June 2012 |access-date=13 October 2012 |archive-date=15 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615105751/http://paralympicanorak.wordpress.com/2012/06/25/madrid-1992-the-paralympic-games-that-time-forgot/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| opened_by = [[Queen Sofía of Spain|Queen Sofía]]
| opening = 3 September (BCN)<br />15 September (MAD)
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The '''1992 Summer Paralympics''' ({{lang-es|Juegos Paralímpicos de Verano de 1992}}; {{lang-ca|Jocs Paralímpics d'estiu de 1992}}) were the ninth [[Paralympic Games]] to be held. They were held in [[Barcelona]], Catalonia, Spain. In addition, the 1992 Paralympic Games for Persons with mental handicap were held immediately after the regular Paralympics in the Spanish capital, [[Madrid]].<ref name="paralympicanorak" />
== Host city selection ==
Barcelona is the second-largest city in Spain and the capital of the autonomous community of [[Catalonia]], and the hometown of then-[[International Olympic Committee|IOC]] president [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]] and the famous European club, [[FC Barcelona]] that from the beginning of the candidacy provided support and financially helped the project. The city was also a host for the [[1982 FIFA World Cup]] with two venues who were also used during the games. On 17 October 1986, Barcelona was selected to host the 1992 Summer Olympics over [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]; [[Belgrade]], [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia]]; [[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom]]; [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]]; and [[Paris]], [[France]], during the 91st [[IOC Session]] in [[Lausanne]], [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html |title=IOC Vote History |publisher=Aldaver.com |access-date=4 December 2011 |archive-date=25 May 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080525070757/http://www.aldaver.com/votes.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> With 85 out of 89 members of the IOC voting by secret ballot, Barcelona won a majority of 47 votes. Samaranch abstained from voting. In the same IOC meeting, Albertville, France, won the right to host the [[1992 Winter Olympics|1992 Winter Games]]. Paris and Brisbane would eventually be selected to host the [[2024 Summer
Barcelona had previously bid for the [[1936 Summer Olympics]] that were ultimately held in [[Berlin]].
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|+ 1992 Summer Olympics bidding results<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html |title=Past Olympic Host City Election Results |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110630134859/https://www.gamesbids.com/eng/past.html |archive-date=30 June 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
!
!
| style="background:silver;"|'''Round 1'''
| style="background:silver;"|'''Round 2'''
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During the Olympic bid process, Barcelona demonstrated itself to be open and motivated to host the Paralympic Games and, unlike previous host cities,the bidding Committee managed to establish good relations with the then International Coordination Committee (ICC).Shortly after the selection of the Olympic host city in September 1986, negotiations with the ICC began under the mediation of [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]].
In a innovative and risky way, Barcelona was presenting an adapted version of its Olympic project in which for the first time in history, the Olympic and Paralympic Games would be managed, planned and executed by the same people without any type of differentiation. Furthermore, unlike Seoul, Paralympic athletes would have the same conditions and opportunities as their Olympic counterparts.
This involved the fact that the athletes would compete in the same venues that were already in planning with the maximum accessibility factors in force at the time, they would also have access to the same Olympic village and all the services and actions by the organizers.<ref name="STOKE">{{cite book |last=Brittain |first=Ian |date=2012 |title=From Stoke Mandeville to Stratford : a history of the summer paralympic games |url=https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/3976727/fromstoke1.pdf |location=Champaign, Illinois |publisher=Common Ground Publishing LLC |page=204 |isbn=978-1-86335-988-7 |access-date=2 October 2022 |archive-date=27 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227154924/https://pure.coventry.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/3976727/fromstoke1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Sports ==
The games consisted of 560 events spread over fifteen sports. [[Powerlifting]] and [[Olympic weightlifting|weightlifting]] were considered to be a single sport. [[Wheelchair tennis]], a [[demonstration sport]] at the [[1988 Summer Paralympics]], was contested as an official medal sport for the first time. This was the first time that lawn bowls and snooker were dropped from the Summer Paralympic Games program.<ref name=IPCgeninfo/>
* [[Archery at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Archery]]
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=== Montjuic ===
*[[Estadi Olímpic Lluís Companys|Estadi Olímpic de Montjuïc]] – opening/closing ceremonies, athletics
*[[Palau Sant Jordi]]
**Main Hall:table tennis
**Auxiliary Hall:volleyball
*[[Piscines Bernat Picornell]] – swimming
*[[Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya|INEFC]]
**Hall 1:wheelchair fencing **Hall 2:judo
*[[Estadi Pau Negre]] – football-7-side
*[[Pavelló de l'Espanya Industrial]] – powerlifting and weightlifting
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{{Main|1992 Summer Paralympics medal table}}
A total of 1710 medals were awarded during the 1992 games: 555 gold, 557 silver, and 594 bronze. The United States topped the medal count with more gold medals, more silver medals, and more medals overall than any other nation. Germany took the most bronze medals, with 59.<ref>{{cite web |title=Medal Standings – Barcelona 1992 Paralympic Games |publisher=[[International Paralympic Committee]] |year=2008 |url=http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/reports.html?type=medalstandings&games=1992PG |access-date
In the table below, the ranking sorts by the number of gold medals earned by a nation (in this context a nation is an entity represented by a National Paralympic Committee).
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103 delegations participated at the 1992 Summer Paralympics.
[[South Africa at the Paralympics|South Africa returned to the Paralympics]] for the first time since being declared "undesirable" due to its policy of [[apartheid]] in 1980.<ref>[http://www.iisg.nl/collections/anti-apartheid/history/jaren70-5.php "'The Netherlands against Apartheid' – 1970s"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020215407/http://www.iisg.nl/collections/anti-apartheid/history/jaren70-5.php |date=20 October 2011 }}, International Institute of Social History</ref><ref>[http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=RSA&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all South Africa at the Paralympics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225173348/https://www.paralympic.org/sdms4/hira/web?npc=RSA&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all |date=25 December 2018 }}, [[International Paralympic Committee]]</ref> Countries who made their first appearances in the Barcelona Games were [[Algeria at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Algeria]], [[Burkina Faso at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Burkina Faso]], [[Chile at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Chile]], [[Chinese Taipei at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Chinese Taipei]], [[Costa Rica at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Costa Rica]], [[Cuba at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Cuba]], [[Dominican Republic at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Dominican Republic]], [[Iraq at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Iraq]], [[Myanmar at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Myanmar]], [[Namibia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Namibia]], [[Nigeria at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Nigeria]], [[Pakistan at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Pakistan]], [[Panama at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Panama]], [[Seychelles at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Seychelles]], [[Tanzania at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Tanzania]], [[Turkey at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Turkey]], [[United Arab Emirates at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|United Arab Emirates]], [[Uruguay at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Uruguay]] and [[Yemen at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Yemen]].
[[Germany at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Germany]] competed as a reunified country for the first time in the Summer Paralympics after the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]]. [[Latvia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Latvia]] and [[Lithuania at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Lithuania]] competed as independent countries for the first time due to the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]] ([[Estonia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Estonia]] having competed independently at the [[1992 Winter Paralympics]] as well), while [[Croatia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Croatia]] and [[Slovenia at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Slovenia]] did the same due to the dissolution of [[Yugoslavia]]. The [[Serbia and Montenegro|remainder of Yugoslavia]] competed as [[Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Independent Paralympic Participants]] due to sanctions. Some former Soviet republics competed as a [[Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Paralympics|Unified Team]] (consisting of [[Armenia at the Paralympics|Armenia]], [[Azerbaijan at the Paralympics|Azerbaijan]], [[Belarus at the Paralympics|Belarus]], [[Kyrgyzstan at the Paralympics|Kyrgyzstan]], [[Moldova at the Paralympics|Moldova]], [[Russia at the Paralympics|Russia]] and [[Ukraine at the Paralympics|Ukraine]]){{
Twenty-one countries did not send a delegation to Barcelona, but sent one to Madrid; they were: [[Aruba]], [[Bolivia]], [[Côte d'Ivoire]], [[Curaçao]], [[El Salvador]], [[Fiji]], [[Ghana]], [[Guatemala]], [[Honduras]], [[Jordan]], [[Lebanon]], [[Malta]], [[Nicaragua]], [[Paraguay]], [[Philippines]], [[Romania]], [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Sierra Leone]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Suriname]] and [[Zimbabwe]].<ref name="paralympicanorak" />
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==See also==
{{Portal|Sports}}
{{commons category
*[[1992 Summer Olympics]]
*[[1992 Winter Paralympics]]
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[[Category:1992 in Spanish sport|Paralympic Games]]
[[Category:Multi-sport events in Spain]]
[[Category:Summer Paralympic Games by year]]
[[Category:1990s in Barcelona]]
[[Category:1990s in Madrid]]
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