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| movement = [[Nurcu]]
| notablework = [[The Essentials of the Islamic Faith]]
| awards = 2015 [[Gandhi King Ikeda Award for Peace]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://theatlanticinstitute.org/atlanta/gandhi-king-ikeda-award-peace-ceremony|title=Gandhi King Ikeda Award for Peace Ceremony|last=jgibbs|date=23 April 2015|website=theatlanticinstitute.org|access-date=18 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418225404/https://theatlanticinstitute.org/atlanta/gandhi-king-ikeda-award-peace-ceremony|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rumiforum.org/fethullah-gulen-awarded-the-2015-gandhi-king-ikeda-peace-award/|title=Fethullah Gulen Awarded the 2015 Gandhi King Ikeda Peace Award – Rumi Forum|website=rumiforum.org|date=18 May 2015 }}</ref>
}}<!-- end of Infobox writer -->
}}<!-- end of Infobox person -->
'''Muhammed Fethullah Gülen''' (born 27 April 1941) is a Turkish [[Ulama|Muslim scholar]], preacher, and
Gülen says his [[social criticism]]s are focused upon individuals' faith and morality and a lesser extent toward political ends,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36855846|title=Turkey coup: What is Gulen movement and what does it want?|publisher=BBC News|date=21 July 2016|via=bbc.com}}</ref> and self describes as rejecting an [[Islamism|Islamist political philosophy]], advocating instead for full participation within professions, society, and political life by religious and secular individuals who profess high moral or ethical principles and who wholly support [[Secularity|secular rule]], within [[Muslim-majority countries]] and elsewhere.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gulenmovement.com/is-fethullah-gulen-an-islamist.html|title=Is Fethullah Gülen an Islamist?|date=15 May 2012|website=Gulen Movement}}</ref>
In 2003, a number of Gülen movement participants allied with [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]]'s
A Turkish criminal court has issued an arrest warrant for Gülen in 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title = Istanbul court issues new arrest warrant for Gulen|url = http://aa.com.tr/en/turkey/istanbul-court-issues-new-arrest-warrant-for-gulen/407559|website = Anadolu Agency|access-date = 29 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Turkish Court accepts prosecutors request of arrest warrant for Fethullah Gülen|url = http://www.dailysabah.com/investigations/2014/12/19/the-court-issues-an-arrest-warrant-for-fethullah-gulen|work=DailySabah|date = 19 December 2014|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> and Turkey is demanding his extradition from the United States.<ref name="trtworld.com">{{cite web |title=Gulen faces life in prison on coup attempt charges |url=http://www.trtworld.com/turkey/gulen-faces-life-in-prison-on-coup-attempt-charges-8742 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203235245/http://www.trtworld.com/turkey/gulen-faces-life-in-prison-on-coup-attempt-charges-8742 |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=29 January 2016 |website=TRT World |language=tr-TR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Turkey to demand extradition of Fethullah Gulen from US|url = http://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-to-demand-extradition-of-fethullah-gulen-from-us-27389|work = TRT World|access-date = 29 January 2016|language = tr-TR|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160203232053/http://www.trtworld.com/turkey/turkey-to-demand-extradition-of-fethullah-gulen-from-us-27389|archive-date = 3 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Turkish prosecutors seek life sentence for Fetullah Gulen|url = http://aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkish-prosecutors-seek-life-sentence-for-fetullah-gulen/396307|work=Anadolu Agency|access-date=29 January 2016}}</ref> U.S. government officials do not believe he is associated with any [[Terrorism|terrorist activity]], and have requested evidence to be provided by the Turkish government to substantiate the allegations in the warrant requesting extradition, frequently rejecting Turkish calls for his extradition.<ref name="aktif">{{cite web|url=http://www.aktifhaber.com/prof-dr-henri-barkeyden-gulen-hareketi-ile-ilgili-carpici-aciklama-1316990h.htm|title=Prof. Dr. Henri Barkey: Nobody in Wash, DC believes that Gulen is terrorist|work=aktif haber|date=9 March 2016|access-date=10 March 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310102045/http://www.aktifhaber.com/prof-dr-henri-barkeyden-gulen-hareketi-ile-ilgili-carpici-aciklama-1316990h.htm|archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://medyascope.tv/2016/03/09/henri-barkey-ile-soylesi-washington-gulen-cemaatine-nasil-bakiyor/|title=How does Washington view Gulen group|work=medyascope.tv|date=9 March 2016|access-date=10 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trtworld.com/in-depth/turkey-challenged-by-terror-in-2015-17588|title=Turkey challenged by terror in 2015|work=TRT World|language=tr-TR|access-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310112222/http://www.trtworld.com/in-depth/turkey-challenged-by-terror-in-2015-17588|archive-date=10 March 2016}}</ref> Gülen has been described in the English-language media as an imam "who promotes a tolerant Islam which emphasises altruism, hard work, and education" and as "one of the world's most important Muslim figures."<ref name="economist10808408" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-13503361|title=Profile: Fethullah Gulen's Hizmet movement|newspaper=BBC News|date=18 December 2013}}</ref> Gülen is wanted as a terrorist leader in [[Turkey]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-gulen-idUSKCN0YM167|title=Turkey officially designates Gulen religious group as terrorists|date=31 May 2016|newspaper=Reuters}}</ref> and [[Pakistan]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistanis-laud-landmark-verdict-on-feto-terror-group-/1351082|title=Pakistanis laud 'landmark' verdict on FETO terror group|website=aa.com.tr}}</ref> as well as by the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2016/10/19/organization-of-islamic-cooperation-declares-feto-a-terrorist-group|title=Organization of Islamic Cooperation declares FETÖ a terrorist group|website=DailySabah|date=19 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20161019-oic-lists-gulen-network-as-terror-group/|title=OIC lists Gulen network as 'terror group'|date=19 October 2016}}</ref> and [[Gulf Cooperation Council|GCC]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20161014-gcc-declare-feto-a-terrorist-organisation/|title=GCC declare Gulen group a 'terrorist organisation'|date=14 October 2016}}</ref>
==Biography==
{{cleanup rewrite|section=yes|date=March 2017}}
Muhammed Fethullah Gülen<ref name="auto">{{cite news|url=http://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195390155/obo-9780195390155-0106.xml|title=Muhammed Fethullah Gülen – Islamic Studies – Oxford Bibliographies – obo|access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> was born in the village of Korucuk, near [[Erzurum]],<ref name=renisl>{{cite book|last=Valkenberg|first=Pim|title=Renewing Islam by Service|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GtACCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA72|year=2015|publisher=CUA Press|isbn=978-0-8132-2755-9|page=72}}</ref><ref name="Çelik2010">{{cite book|last=Çelik|first=Gürkan|title=The Gülen Movement: Building Social Cohesion Through Dialogue and Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=74NNy-ypzO0C&pg=PA42|year=2010|publisher=Eburon Uitgeverij B.V.|isbn=978-90-5972-369-6|page=42}}</ref> to Ramiz and Refia Gülen,<ref>{{cite book|last=Marty|first=Martin E.|author-link=Martin E. Marty|title=Hizmet Means Service: Perspectives on an Alternative Path within Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sMdRCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19|year=2015|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-96074-9|page=19}}</ref> There is some
(Some commentators note that 10 November 1938 Gülen was
While Gülen was teaching at the [[Kestanepazari Qur'anic School]] in [[İzmir]] in March 1971, [[1971 Turkish military memorandum|the
Gülen's influence in civil society and number of followers grew steadily during the 1980s and 1990s.<ref name="DW-6-4-2018">{{cite news |last1=Sanderson |first1=Sertan |title=Fethullah Gulen: the man behind the myth |url=https://www.dw.com/en/from-ally-to-scapegoat-fethullah-gulen-the-man-behind-the-myth/a-37055485 |access-date=16 May 2024 |agency=[[Deutsche Welle]] |date=6 April 2018}}</ref>
From 1988 to 1991 he gave a series of sermons in popular mosques of major cities. In 1994, he participated in the founding of the Journalists and Writers Foundation<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gyv.org.tr/|title=The Journalists and Writers Foundation|access-date=1 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717184412/http://www.gyv.org.tr/|archive-date=17 July 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> and was given the title "honorary president" by the foundation.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://gyv.org.tr/Hakkimizda/Detay/19/About%20the%20Foundation |title=About the Journalists and Writers Foundation |access-date=1 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160627164935/http://gyv.org.tr/Hakkimizda/Detay/19/About%20the%20Foundation |archive-date=27 June 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> He
===Coming to the United States===
In 1999, Gülen relocated to the United States for medical treatment
{{blockquote|The existing system is still in power. Our friends who have positions in legislative and administrative bodies should learn its details and be vigilant all the time so that they can transform it and be more fruitful on behalf of Islam in order to carry out a nationwide restoration. However, they should wait until the conditions become more favorable. In other words, they should not come out too early.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eupjournals.com/book/978-0-7486-1837-8 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130122161713/http://www.eupjournals.com/book/978-0-7486-1837-8 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-22 |title=Clement M. Henry, Rodney Wilson, ''The Politics of Islamic Finance'', (Edinburgh University Press 2004), p. 236 |publisher=Eupjournals.com |date=2004 |access-date=24 August 2014}}</ref>}}
Gülen was tried ''in absentia'' in 2000, and found guilty of conspiring to embed his supporters into the Turkish civil service in important governmental offices to overthrow the government.<ref name="DW-6-4-2018"/> Gülen said his remarks were taken out of context,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.fgulen.com/content/view/973/14/ |title=Gülen's answers to claims made based on the video tapes taken from some of his recorded speeches |publisher=En.fgulen.com |date=24 September 2001 |access-date=24 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310075824/http://en.fgulen.com/content/view/973/14 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and his supporters raised questions about the authenticity of the tape,<ref>Dogan Koc, ''Strategic Defamation of Fethullah Gülen: English Vs. Turkish'', p. 24. {{ISBN|0761859306}}</ref> which he said had been "manipulated".
Gülen Gülen applied for a "[[Permanent residence (United States)|green card]]", i.e. permanent residence in the United States in 2002.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/17/turkeys-thirty-year-coup|title=Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup|first=Dexter|last=Filkins|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> After [[11 September 2001]], the U.S. increased its scrutiny of its domestic Islamic religious groups. Objecting to Gulen's residency application were the [[FBI]], the State Department, and the Department of Homeland Security. Gülen first based his claim to residency on his being as an [[alien of extraordinary ability]] as an education activist; the [[U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services]] rejected it. Lawyers representing the [[Secretary of Homeland Security]] argued in that Gülen has no degree or training in the field of education and questioned laudatory opinions about Gülen, cited by his lawyers, that had been expressed by scholars at academics conferences funded by [[Gulenist]] foundations. CIA National Intelligence Council former vice chairman [[Graham E. Fuller]], former CIA official George Fidas and former US Ambassador to Turkey [[Morton Abramowitz]] wrote endorsement letters for Gülen's green card application in 2008.<ref>see Joshua D. Hendrick: Gülen: The Ambiguous Politics of Market Islam in Turkey and the World. New York University Press, 2013, 58–62.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nwTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|title=Gülen: The Ambiguous Politics of Market Islam in Turkey and the World|last=Hendrick|first=Joshua D.|date=22 October 2014|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9781479800469|pages=61|language=en}}</ref> The court ruled against the [[USCIS]] and in Gülen's favor, granting Gülen his green card.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/17/turkeys-thirty-year-coup |title=Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/20/world/europe/fethullah-gulen-erdogan-extradition.html|title=Turkey Pursues Cleric Living in U.S., Blamed as Coup Mastermind|last1=Arango|first1=Tim|date=19 July 2016|last2=Hubbard|first2=Ben|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref>▼
With the advent of [[Erdoğanism|Erdoğanist]] Turkey in the 2000s, structural impediments to Muslims' participation in civil life were gradually lifted. Many of those educated in institutions sponsored by participants in civil-society endeavors that Gülen had inspired ended up as members of the Turkey's judiciary, its governmental apparatus, and its military. While Gulen's movement had consistently maintained that it stayed above politics, in the 2011 election its print and broadcast media suddenly came out in support of Erdogan and his party, leading to another big AKP victory.<ref name="DW-6-4-2018"/> But as Turkey's secular state was dismantled, tension grew between Erdogan and Gulen beginning with Erdogan's closing down of Gulen's network of university prep schools.<ref name="DW-6-4-2018"/>
▲Gülen applied for a [[Permanent residence (United States)|green card]] in 2002.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/17/turkeys-thirty-year-coup|title=Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup|first=Dexter|last=Filkins|magazine=[[The New Yorker]]}}</ref> After [[11 September 2001]], the U.S. increased its scrutiny of its domestic Islamic religious groups. Objecting to Gulen's residency application were the [[FBI]], the State Department, and the Department of Homeland Security. Gülen first based his claim to residency on his being as an [[alien of extraordinary ability]] as an education activist; the [[U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services]] rejected it. Lawyers representing the [[Secretary of Homeland Security]] argued in that Gülen has no degree or training in the field of education and questioned laudatory opinions about Gülen, cited by his lawyers, that had been expressed by scholars at academics conferences funded by [[Gulenist]] foundations. CIA National Intelligence Council former vice chairman [[Graham E. Fuller]], former CIA official George Fidas and former US Ambassador to Turkey [[Morton Abramowitz]] wrote endorsement letters for Gülen's green card application in 2008.<ref>see Joshua D. Hendrick: Gülen: The Ambiguous Politics of Market Islam in Turkey and the World. New York University Press, 2013, 58–62.</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-nwTCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61|title=Gülen: The Ambiguous Politics of Market Islam in Turkey and the World|last=Hendrick|first=Joshua D.|date=22 October 2014|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9781479800469|pages=61|language=en}}</ref> The court ruled against the [[USCIS]] and in Gülen's favor, granting Gülen his green card.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/10/17/turkeys-thirty-year-coup |title=Turkey's Thirty-Year Coup |magazine=The New Yorker |access-date=7 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/20/world/europe/fethullah-gulen-erdogan-extradition.html|title=Turkey Pursues Cleric Living in U.S., Blamed as Coup Mastermind|last1=Arango|first1=Tim|date=19 July 2016|last2=Hubbard|first2=Ben|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=7 January 2017}}</ref>
Before and after the attempted putsch, Gülenists became the greatest portion of those caught up in the massive [[2016–present purges in Turkey]].<ref name="dw.com"/> Since the 2016 coup attempt, authorities arrested or imprisoned more than 90,000 Turkish citizens,<ref>{{cite news |title=2020 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Turkey |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-country-reports-on-human-rights-practices/turkey/ |work=United States Department of State}}</ref> and shut down Gulen's entire media and business empire in Turkey.<ref name="DW-6-4-2018"/>
===Life in Pennsylvania===
As of 2018, Gülen resides at the Hizmet movement-affiliated Chestnut Retreat Center, a 25-acre wooded estate in the [[Pocono Mountains|Poconos]] (within [[Ross Township, Monroe County, Pennsylvania]], near [[Saylorsburg, Pennsylvania|Saylorsburg]]).<ref name="poconorecord.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.poconorecord.com/news/20200825/chestnut-retreat-center-offers-look-inside-their-saylorsburg-facility-and-its-mission|title = Chestnut Retreat Center offers a look inside their Saylorsburg facility and its mission |work=Pocono Record}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mcall.com/news/breaking/mc-nws-fetullah-gulen-compound-investigation-20181003-story.html|title=Guard at Fethullah Gulen's compound in Poconos fires warning shot to scare away intruder, prompting police response|first=Christina Tatu, John|last=Misinco|website=themorningcall.com|date=3 October 2018 }}</ref>
==Influence in Turkish society and politics==
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Gülen taught a [[Hanafi]] version of [[Islam]], deriving from [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] Muslim scholar [[Said Nursî]]'s teachings. Gülen has stated that he believes in science, [[Interfaith dialogue|interfaith]] dialogue among the [[People of the Book]], and [[multi-party democracy]].<ref name=economist10808408>{{cite news| title=How far they have travelled|url=http://www.economist.com/node/10808408?story_id=10808408|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|access-date=2 May 2012|date=6 March 2008}}</ref> He has initiated such dialogue with the Vatican<ref name="Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh p 38">Helen Rose Fuchs Ebaugh, The Gülen Movement: A Sociological Analysis of a Civic Movement Rooted in Moderate Islam, p 38. {{ISBN|1402098944}}</ref> and some Jewish organizations.<ref name="Toward a Global Civilization">{{Cite book|author=Fethullah Gulen|title=Toward a Global Civilization of Love and Tolerance |publisher=Tughra Books|date=2010|isbn=978-1932099683}}</ref>
The Gülen movement's constituent local entities function independently from each other, existing, in the aggregate, as [[leaderless activism|leaderless activist entities]]. "I really don't know 0.1% of the people in this movement", Gülen has said. "I haven't done much. I have just spoken out on what I believe. Because it [Gülen's teachings] made sense, people grasped it themselves." "I opened one school to see if people liked it. So they created more schools."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabricius |first=Peter |date=19 May 2018 |title=Turkey: Exiled cleric Gulen explains why he thinks Erdogan has branded him a terrorist |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-05-19-84605/ |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> The movement includes some theological staff as imams or spiritual counselors, although their identities are kept confidential due to such positions being illegal in Turkey. This has led some observers to argue that the movement includes a clandestine aspect.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Arakon |first1=Maya |date=11 April 2018 |title=The 'ally' to 'enemy # 1': Gülen Movement (1) |website=Ahval |url=https://ahvalnews-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/ahvalnews.com/gulenists/ally-enemy-1-gulen-movement-1?amp}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.ecfr.eu/publications/summary/the_good_the_bad_and_the_gulenists7131 |title=The good, the bad and the Gülenists |date=23 September 2016 |via=ecfr.eu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Turkish Coup Attempt: The Gülen Movement vs. the State | Middle East Policy Council |url=https://www.mepc.org/journal/turkish-coup-attempt-gulen-movement-vs-state |website=mepc.org|date=30 November 2016 }}</ref>
===1970s, 1980s and 1990s===
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====Terrorism====
Gülen has condemned terrorism.<ref name="Gulen peace and humanity">{{cite web |url=http://en.fgulen.com/content/view/1052/14/ |title=Fethullah Gülen: A life dedicated to peace and humanity- True Muslims Cannot Be Terrorists |publisher=En.fgulen.com |date=4 February 2002 |access-date=24 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917203545/http://en.fgulen.com/content/view/1052/14/ |archive-date=17 September 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://www.rferl.org/a/Turkish_Schools_Coming_Under_Increasing_Scrutiny_In_Central_Asia/1616111.html "Gulen, who currently resides in the United States, condemns terrorism"] ''www.rferl.org''</ref> He warns against the phenomenon of arbitrary violence and aggression against civilians and said that it "has no place in Islam". He wrote a condemnation article in ''The Washington Post'' on 12 September 2001, one day after the [[September 11 attacks]], and stated that "A Muslim can not be a terrorist, nor can a terrorist be a true Muslim."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fethullah-gulen.org/op-ed/gulen-movement-9-11.html |title=Importance of Gulen Movement in the Post 9/11 Era: Co-existenceFethullah Gulen |publisher=Fethullah Gulen |access-date=24 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022095416/http://www.fethullah-gulen.org/op-ed/gulen-movement-9-11.html |archive-date=22 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fgulen.com/en/press/1322-nuriye-akmans-interview-in-zaman-daily/25171-a-real-muslim-cannot-be-a-terrorist |title=A Real Muslim cannot be a Terrorist |publisher=Fethullah Gulen |date=23 March 2004 |access-date=20 October 2014}}</ref> Gülen lamented the "hijacking of Islam" by terrorists.<ref name="Toward a Global Civilization"/><ref>[[Chidanand Rajghatta|Rajghatta, Chidanand]] (17 July 2016). [https://
====Gaza flotilla====
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Specific citations:
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="60min2012">{{cite web |url= https://www.cbsnews.com/
}}
General references:
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[[Category:Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam]]
[[Category:Christian–Islamic–Jewish interfaith dialogue]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Islam and politics]]
[[Category:Islamic democracy activists]]
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