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Anjkerjeox (talk | contribs) Added sentence on iconic Mario's Cafe, to section on Melbourne coffee culture, with citation included. |
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[[File:Melbourne Tram 1979.jpg|thumb|A tram on [[Melbourne tram route 11|route 11]] travels down Brunswick Street, 1979.]]
Brunswick Street, believed to be named after Captain George Brunswick Smythe, owes its origins to Benjamin Baxter, who owned land along Victoria Parade in the recently proclaimed township of Newtown (now Fitzroy South). Baxter owned Crown Allotment 49, which was adjacent to Allotment 48 at the northwest corner of the government roads Victoria Parade and Nicholson Street. In 1839 Baxter subdivided his land into quarters, creating roads between the subdivisions. These became Brunswick Street and Gertrude Street. Initially Brunswick Street only ran as far as what is now Hanover Street, Fitzroy. In 1840, Mr R. S. Webb subdivided Crown Allotment 70, to the north of Baxter's land. This extended Brunswick Street further north to Bell Street (originally known as Hamburg Street). The street was officially proclaimed in 1851, by which time it extended as far as Reilly Street (now Alexandra Parade), at that stage an incomplete open drain.<ref>{{
In 1867 allotments in the cleared scrubland to the north of Reilly Street were put up for sale. The Government survey plan included a road in the same alignment as Brunswick Street leading to a cricket ground reserve to the north, but it was unnamed. During residential development in the 1870s, this road became known as Harker Street and was extended as far north as today's Holden Street. In 1876 Harker Street changed its name to Brunswick Street North, but by 1900 the wide Government section south of St Georges Road had dropped the 'North' in its title while the remainder, narrower and offset from the main road due to its formation by private land subdivisions, retained the name Brunswick Street North.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
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Shops had appeared in the southern end of Brunswick Street as early as the 1840s and by 1854 the strip rivaled [[Bourke Street]] as a shopping district.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
After [[World War II]], large numbers of immigrants (principally from Mediterranean Europe) settled in the inner suburbs of Melbourne, including Fitzroy. Among them, there were many [[Italy|Italians]], who in turn imported [[espresso]] machines and established the foundations of Melbourne's café culture. Building on these foundations and established in 1986, Mario's Cafe is an iconic venue on Brunswick street serving both coffee and Italian cuisine.<ref>{{
For some decades, the suburb of Fitzroy was a working-class area of low rents and cheap shops. This area began to attract students, artists, and [[Bohemianism|bohemians]]. The [[T. F. Much Ballroom]] commenced in Cathedral Hall (now called [[Central Hall, Melbourne|Central Hall]], just opposite St Vincents Hospital, in Brunswick Street, in 1970. The T. F. Much was the heart of Melbourne's music scene and saw stand out performances by [[Daddy Cool (band)|Daddy Cool]], Spectrum (and Murtceps), Carson, [[The Captain Matchbox Whoopee Band|Capt Matchbox]] as well as several of Joe Camilleri's earlier incarnations.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
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In the 1980s, [[3RRR]] established its studios in Victoria Street, off Brunswick Street, the [[Punters Club]] established itself as a significant live music venue, as did the Evelyn Hotel, and independent record shop PolyEster Records opened. These businesses cemented Brunswick Street's status as a nexus of Melbourne's [[indie music]] and [[post punk]]/new-wave subcultures, which in turn drew in waves of suburban tourists in their teens and 20s. Brunswick Street also served as the home base for integral techno/electronic label/promoter IF? Records, from 1994 to 2001.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
[[Gentrification]] was not long in following, though the economic recession of the 1990s slowed it somewhat. One by one, the few remaining regular shops closed and were replaced by cafés, fashion boutiques, and bars, a shift that has played a large role in Fitzroy being named one of the most unique neighbourhoods in the world in 2016.<ref>{{citation|url= http://www.howitravel.co/the-15-coolest-neighborhoods-in-the-world-in-2016/ |title=The 15 Coolest Neighborhoods in the World in 2016 |accessdate=November 17, 2016}}</ref> The Punters Club closed in 2002 (however it would reopen in 2024), and 3RRR has relocated further out to [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]].{{when|date=August 2022}}{{cn|date=August 2022}}
From the start of the 21st century, Brunswick Street has become home to [[artisan]]s, young professionals, and [[baby boomer]]s with retirement savings.{{cn|date=August 2022}}
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