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| name_official = Battersea A and B power stations
| country = England
| location = [[Nine Elms]], [[Battersea
| status = Decommissioned and redeveloped
| construction_began = 1929 (A station)<br />1945 (B station)
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}}
'''Battersea Power Station''' is a decommissioned [[Fossil fuel power plant|coal-fired power station]] located on the south bank of the [[River Thames]]
The building comprises two power stations, built in two stages, in a single building. '''Battersea A Power Station''' was built between 1929 and 1935 and '''Battersea B Power Station''', to its east, between 1937 and 1941, when construction was paused owing to the worsening effects of the [[World War II|Second World War]]. The building was completed in 1955. "Battersea B" was built to a design nearly identical to that of "Battersea A", creating the iconic four-chimney structure.
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In 2012, administrators [[Ernst & Young]] entered into an agreement with Malaysia's [[S P Setia]] and [[Sime Darby]] to develop the site to include residential, bars, restaurants, office space (occupied by [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and others), shops and entertainment spaces. The plans were approved and redevelopment commenced a few years later. The main Power Station building was opened to the public in October 2022.
As of 2023, the building and the overall {{convert|42|acre|ha|adj=on}} site development is owned by a consortium of [[Malaysia|Malaysian]] investors.
Also, the station is mostly known for its appearance on the cover of rock band [[Pink Floyd]]'s tenth studio album ''[[Animals (Pink Floyd album)|Animals]]'' (1977).
== History ==
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[[File:Battersea Power Station, 1934 with only two chimneys (Our Generation, 1938).jpg|thumb|Battersea power station was built in two phases. This is the power station in 1934, with the first phase operational]]
[[File:Battersea power station 1950.jpg|thumb|Battersea power station in 1950]]
[[File:Battersea Power Station in London.jpg|thumb|Battersea power station was designed in the brick cathedral style
Both of the stations were designed by a team of architects and engineers. The team was headed by [[Leonard Pearce]], the chief engineer of the London Power Company, but a number of other notable engineers were also involved, including Henry Newmarch Allott, and [[Terence Patrick O'Sullivan|T. P. O'Sullivan]] who was later responsible for the Assembly Hall at [[Bristol Filton Airport|Filton]]. J. Theo Halliday was employed as architect, with Halliday & Agate employed as a sub-consultant. Halliday was responsible for the supervision and execution of the appearance of the exterior and interior of the building. Architect [[Sir Giles Gilbert Scott]] was involved in the project much later on, consulted to appease public reaction, and referred to in the press as "architect of the exterior".<ref name=page_title /> The station was designed in the ''brick-cathedral'' style of power station design, which was popular at the time.<ref name=english_heritage>{{cite web
| url = http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/upload/pdf/Utilities_and_Communications.pdf
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=== Coal transportation ===
[[File:Battersea Power Station in London 3.jpg|thumb|right|Coal was usually brought to the station by [[Collier (ship)|collier]]s, and unloaded by cranes
The power station consumed over 1,000,000{{nbsp}}tonnes of coal annually, mostly from pits in [[South Wales]] and [[North East England]], delivered by [[Coastal trading vessel|coastal]] [[Collier (ship type)|collier]]s.
Coal was usually delivered to the jetty where two cranes, capable of unloading two ships at a time at a rate of 480{{nbsp}}tonnes an hour, offloaded coal. Some coal was delivered by rail to the east of the station from the [[Brighton Main Line]] which passes nearby. A [[conveyor belt]] system moved the coal to a storage area or directly to the station's boiler rooms. The conveyor belt system consisted of a series of bridges connected by towers. The storage area was a large concrete box capable of holding 75,000{{nbsp}}tonnes of coal. It had an overhead gantry and a conveyor belt attached to the conveyor belt system for moving coal to the boiler rooms.<ref name=about_power_station /><ref name=page_title />
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=== Scrubbers ===
The reduction of [[sulphur]] emissions was an important factor from when the station was in the design stages, as it was one of the main concerns of the protesters. The London Power Company developed an experimental technique for [[Flue-gas desulfurization|washing flue gases]] in 1925. It used water and alkaline sprays over scrubbers of steel and timber in flue ducts. The gases were subject to continuous washing
=== Electricity output ===
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In June 2012, Knight Frank announced that administrators [[Ernst & Young]] had entered into an exclusive agreement with Malaysian developers [[S P Setia]] (a property company), [[Sime Darby]] (a trading conglomerate) and [[Employees Provident Fund (Malaysia)|Employees Provident Fund]] (Malaysia's largest pension fund).<ref>{{cite news |date=7 June 2012 |title=Battersea Power Station: Malaysian company beats Chelsea bid |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18352786 |url-status=live |access-date=7 June 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120607101333/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-18352786 |archive-date=7 June 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hammond |first1=Ed |last2=Grant |first2=Jeremy |date=5 July 2012 |title=Malaysians seal £400m Battersea deal |url=https://www.ft.com/content/0b13b6b2-c674-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914105820/https://www.ft.com/content/0b13b6b2-c674-11e1-963a-00144feabdc0 |archive-date=14 September 2021 |access-date=14 September 2021 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> Following [[due diligence]] and agreement of the final terms of the deal, the sale to the Malaysian consortium was completed in September 2012.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news|title=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-19491249 | date=5 September 2012}}</ref>
The redevelopment of the site will use the existing Vinoly master plan which intends to position the power station as the central focus of the regenerated site, housing a blend of shops, cafes, restaurants, art and leisure facilities, office space and residential accommodation. The plan includes the restoration of the historic power station itself, the creation of a new riverside park to the north of the power station and the creation of a new High Street which is designed to link the future entrance to Battersea Power Station tube station with the power station.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Werdigier |first=Julia |date=7 June 2012 |title=New Buyers for Venerable London Power Station |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/business/global/2-malaysian-property-groups-to-buy-bankrupt-london-landmark.html |url-status=live |access-date=9 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909144052/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/08/business/global/2-malaysian-property-groups-to-buy-bankrupt-london-landmark.html |archive-date=9 September 2021 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The redevelopment is hoped to bring about the extension of the existing riverside walk and facilitate access directly from the power station to Battersea Park and Chelsea Bridge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Architects' Journal|date=5 September 2012 |url=http://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/news/daily-news/vinoly-drmm-and-simpson-to-deliver-8bn-battersea-power-station-overhaul/8635347.article}}</ref> The full redevelopment consists of eight main phases, some of which are planned to run concurrently. The plan includes over 800 homes of varying sizes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Detailed plans for power station approved|url=http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/11595/detailed_plans_for_power_station_approved|access-date=27 March 2013|archive-date=22 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022095131/http://www.wandsworth.gov.uk/news/article/11595/detailed_plans_for_power_station_approved|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Construction work on Phase 1, called Circus West Village, designed by architects SimpsonHaugh and dRMM, is being undertaken by [[Carillion]] and commenced in 2013 alongside work on the power station.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.constructionnews.co.uk/buildings/sectors/battersea-power-station-chief-why-we-chose-carillion-22-05-2013/|title=Carillion chosen for Battersea Power Station £400m phase one for construction expertise|publisher=Construction News|date=22 May 2013|access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> Phase 1 was completed in 2017, with the Northern line extension and its new [[Battersea Power Station tube station|Battersea Power Station terminus]] completed in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|title=TFL |url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/21614.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203032025/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/21614.aspx |archive-date= 3 December 2013 }}</ref> Circus West Village now has over 1500 residents and over 23 restaurants, cafes and retailers now open.<ref>{{cite web |title=Battersea Power Station: flat sales in £9bn project now running at £10m a month as developers say scheme is back on track |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/homesandproperty/buying-mortgages/battersea-power-station-flat-sales-in-ps9bn-project-now-running-at-ps10m-a-month-as-developers-say-scheme-is-back-on-track-a132666.html |website=Evening Standard |access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=In pictures: First residents move into restored Battersea Power Station switch house |url=https://www.building.co.uk/news/in-pictures-first-residents-move-into-restored-battersea-power-station-switch-house/5111993.article |website=Building |access-date=26 May 2021}}</ref>
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===London Underground extension===
[[File:Battersea Power Station Tube Station.jpg|thumb|Battersea Power Station tube station, with the Power Station and new development behind
{{Main|Northern line extension to Battersea}}
The [[London Underground]]'s [[Northern line]] was extended to serve Nine Elms and the power station, branching off at [[Kennington tube station|Kennington station]]. Two stations, [[Nine Elms tube station|Nine Elms station]] and [[Battersea Power Station tube station|Battersea Power Station station]], opened on 20 September 2021.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=2021-09-20 |title=Northern line extension: Two new Tube stations open |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-58621491 |access-date=2023-08-19}}</ref> The construction cost £1.1{{nbsp}}billion and is {{
=== Apple ===
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Electric Boulevard, a new pedestrianised high street, that runs between Gehry Partners' Prospect Place and Foster + Partners' Battersea Roof Gardens to the riverside neighbourhood's Zone 1 London Underground Station, opened the same day.
As well as 254 apartments inside the power station itself, the 42-acre site also contains apartment buildings designed by US architect [[Frank Gehry]] and by [[Foster + Partners]]. The first residents had moved in to the power station in May 2021.<ref>{{cite news| last=Kollewe | first=Julia | title=Battersea power station set for public opening after 10-year development |newspaper=The Guardian | date=5 October 2022 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2022/oct/05/battersea-power-station-set-for-public-opening-after-10-year-development}}</ref> The roof-gardens have been designed by [[Andy Sturgeon]] and his team.<ref>The Art of the Garden, Andy Sturgeon, Battersea Power Station, 19:00 30/05/2023, Sky Arts 1, 60 mins. https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/ondemand/index.php/prog/3C0FF2E9?bcast=139063216 (Accessed 14 Feb 2024)</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.andysturgeon.com/news/battersea-power-station/ | title=Battersea Power Station | }}</ref> It won the Garden of the Year Award 2024 of the Society of Garden Designers.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.andysturgeon.com/news/hattrick-for-andy-sturgeon-design-at-society-of-garden-designers-awards/ | title=Hat-trick for Andy Sturgeon Design at Society of Garden Designers Awards | }}</ref>
== Event venue ==
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| date = 7 May 2010
| access-date = 8 May 2010
}}</ref> Most recently, the power station has been used for a light show.
== In popular culture ==
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The station gained exposure in the cover photograph of [[Pink Floyd]]'s 1977 album, ''[[Animals (Pink Floyd album)|Animals]]'', which sold millions of copies worldwide. The photo, taken in early December 1976, shows the power station with an [[Pink Floyd pigs|inflatable pink pig]] floating above it. It was tethered to one of the power station's southern chimneys, but broke loose from its moorings and drifted into the flight path of [[Heathrow Airport]]. The album itself was officially launched at an event at the power station.<ref name=pink_floyd>{{cite web|title=Pink Floyd|work=Battersea Power Station Community Group|url= http://www.batterseapowerstation.org.uk/floyd.html|access-date= 3 August 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921232842/http://www.batterseapowerstation.org.uk/floyd.html|archive-date=21 September 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref>
The control room of Station A is used as the backdrop for a scene in ''[[Monty Python's The Meaning of Life]]''
== See also ==
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