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{{Short description|English painter, illustrator, and craftsman}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2016}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
'''George Heywood Maunoir Sumner''' (1853–1940) was originally an English painter, illustrator, and craftsman, closely involved with the [[Arts and Crafts movement]] and the late-Victorian London art world. In his mid-forties he relocated to Cuckoo Hill, near [[Fordingbridge]] in Hampshire, England, and spent the rest of his life
==Personal life and family==
Sumner was born in 1853 at [[Old Alresford]], Hampshire, the son of
After attending [[Eton College|Eton]], Sumner studied at [[Christ Church, Oxford]], and in 1881 qualified as a [[barrister]] at [[Lincoln's Inn]], London. He was elected to the [[Art Workers' Guild]] and became its Master in 1894.<ref name=phil>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SqzKa8ERPOAC&dq=master+of+the+art+workers+guild&pg=PA292|title=The History and Philosophy of Art Education|author=Macdonald. S|page=292|isbn=9780340094204|date=1970|publisher=James Clarke & Co. }}</ref>
In 1883 Sumner married Agnes Benson, the sister of his college friend [[William Arthur Smith Benson|W A S Benson]]. Together they had five children – three boys and two girls. In 1897 Sumner retired from London and moved his family to [[Bournemouth]] on the south coast of England, ostensibly because of his wife's ill-health. In 1902 he acquired a plot of land at Cuckoo Hill near [[South Gorley]], on the east side of the [[River Avon (Hampshire)|Avon valley]], and designed and built his ideal family house. Sumner lived at Cuckoo Hill from 1904 until his death in 1940 at the age of 87. The house has since been renamed "Heywood Sumner House", and is currently run as a
==Art==
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Sumner studied law at Oxford and London alongside his childhood friend W A S Benson, who later became a successful metalwork designer; it was through this friendship that he was introduced to [[William Morris]] and the [[Arts and Crafts movement]].
Sumner rejected the elitism of the William Morris clique and engaged in projects to bring Arts and Crafts within the experience of the general public. In particular in the 1890s he helped to set up the Fitzroy Picture Society,{{sfn|Price|1996}} a group of artists dedicated to producing boldly coloured prints that could be sold cheaply to liven up the walls of public institutions such as schools and hospitals.
Sumner did not excel in any one particular technique, but his breadth of achievement was remarkable. Several of his areas of expertise are described below.
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===Sgraffito===
Sumner experimented with [[sgraffito]], a technique of incising designs in coloured plaster. He started by decorating the houses of his relatives, and later his narrative designs and ornamental patterns covered the walls of several Victorian churches and chapels in the British Isles: from the [[Church of St Mary the Virgin,
===Stained glass===
Sumner designed stained-glass windows for several churches built or redecorated around 1900, sometimes as part of a bigger scheme including his sgraffito and mosaic.<ref
===Tapestry===
One of Sumner's last commercial works was a tapestry called ''The
==Naturalism and the Countryside==
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In 1910 Sumner published ''The Book of Gorley'', a work that had started out as a personal journal of his new rural way of life. In addition to lyrical descriptions of the topography and natural history of his surroundings, the book includes anecdotes and illustrations of local characters and the history of the New Forest and its adjacent commons.
The earliest version of ''The Book of Gorley'' was re-published in 1987 as a full-colour, original manuscript edition with the title ''Cuckoo Hill: The Book of Gorley''.{{sfn|Sumner|1987}} The book is illustrated throughout with Sumner's distinctive line drawings, stylised maps and watercolour paintings.
===Folk songs===
Sumner illustrated and published his own collection of eleven Hampshire folk songs, entitled ''The Besom-Maker and other Country-Folk Songs''. He sometimes entertained his fellow members at the Art Worker's Guild with renditions of these songs and in return they called him 'The Shepherd'.<ref
===
[[File:Heywood sumner barrows plans and sections.png|thumb|right|200px|Example of Sumner's illustration style.]]
Sumner's earliest contributions to archaeology involved surveying the prehistoric earthworks of Cranborne Chase, only a bike-ride away from his home at Cuckoo Hill in the Avon valley. The results of his fieldwork between 1911 and 1913 were published in a collection entitled ''The Ancient Earthworks of Cranborne Chase''. In 1917 he published a companion volume ''The Ancient Earthworks of the New Forest''. In 1921, in partnership with W G Wallace, Sumner published ''Ancient Earthworks of the Bournemouth District'' in the proceedings of the Bournemouth Natural Science Society. These three studies of ancient earthworks in the Wessex region included hillforts, enclosures and notable barrows. Sumner's distinctive graphic style was evident in the maps, diagrams and illustrations of these earthworks.
==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book▼
| last = Cunliffe▼
| first = Barry▼
| authorlink = Barry Cunliffe▼
| title = Heywood Sumner's Wessex▼
| publisher = Roy Gasson Associates▼
| year = 1985▼
| isbn = 0-948495-01-4 }}▼
* {{cite book
| last = Sumner
| first = Heywood
|
| title = Cuckoo Hill: The Book of Gorley
| publisher = Dent
| year = 1987
| isbn = 0-460-04744-2 |display-authors=0}}
* {{cite book
| last = Sumner
| first = Heywood
|
| title = A guide to the New Forest
| publisher = Brown & Son
| year = 1924 |display-authors=0}}
*{{cite book|title=The Itchen Valley from Tichborne to Southampton: twenty-two etchings |first=Heywood |last=Sumner|url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/version/180767187|pages=48|location=London |publisher= Seeley, Jackson, and Halliday|date= 1881|display-authors=0}}
*{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Heywood |title=The Avon, from Naseby to Tewkesbury: Twenty-one Etchings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ouGLngEACAAJ|year=1881|publisher=Scribner & Welford|display-authors=0}}
*{{cite book|title=Heywood Sumner's Wessex|year= 1985|publisher= R Gasson Associates|pages=168|ol=8474544M|isbn=9780948495014|oclc=21757309}}
{{refend}}
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}▼
{{notelist}}
===Citations===
<ref name="carehome.co.uk">{{Cite web |title=Heywood Sumner House care home |author= |work=carehome.co.uk |date= |access-date=15 August 2019 |url= https://www.carehome.co.uk/carehome.cfm/searchazref/10001035CUCA |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="numachi.com">{{Cite web |title=The Heywood Sumner Wassail Song |author= |work=Digital Tradition Mirror |date=2000 |access-date=15 August 2019 |url= http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiWASSUMNR.html |language= |quote=}}</ref>
<ref name="TheChace">{{Cite web |url=http://www3.hants.gov.uk/museum/dress-and-textiles/heywood-sumner.htm |title=The Chace, designed by Heywood Sumner |access-date=15 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110322035333/http://www3.hants.gov.uk/museum/dress-and-textiles/heywood-sumner.htm |archive-date=22 March 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="GWC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.stmary-greatwarley.org.uk/maryhist.htm |title=History of Great Warley Church: St Mary, the Virgin |access-date=19 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201165035/http://www.stmary-greatwarley.org.uk/maryhist.htm |archive-date=1 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="SAC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.st-agathas.org.uk/Unabridged_History.html |title=History of St. Agatha's Church |access-date=19 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041209084840/http://www.st-agathas.org.uk/Unabridged_History.html |archive-date=9 December 2004 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
}}▼
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
▲* {{cite book
▲ | last = Cunliffe
▲ | first = Barry
▲ | title = Heywood Sumner's Wessex
▲ | publisher = Roy Gasson Associates
▲ | year = 1985
▲ | isbn = 0-948495-01-4 }}
*{{Cite thesis |type=PhD |title=The Fitzroy Picture Society : pictures for 'schools, mission-rooms and hospitals' in the 1890s - OpenBibArt |last=Price |first= Susan Melanie |publisher=Birkbeck: University of London |date=1996 |url=https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517062}}
*{{citation|chapter=Princes Gate and Ennismore Gardens: The Kingston House Estate, Russian Orthodox Cathedral, Ennismore Gardens (formerly All Saints' Church)|title=Survey of London|volume= 45, Knightsbridge|editor-first= John |editor-last=Greenacombe |location=London|date= 2000|via= British History Online|chapter-url= http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol45/pp186-190 }}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{wikisource|Author:Heywood Sumner|Heywood Sumner}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=
* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Heywood Sumner |sopt=t}}
* [http://www.fulltable.com/vts/aoi/s/sumner/menu.htm
* [http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00050410 Sumner's ''Sintram and His Companions'']
* {{LCAuth|n86080913|Heywood Sumner|9|ue}}
{{Authority control}}
▲}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sumner, George Heywood Maunoir}}
[[Category:1853 births]]
[[Category:1940 deaths]]
[[Category:Arts and Crafts
[[Category:British archaeologists]]
[[Category:English designers]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Masters of the Art Worker's Guild]]
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