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|children = 8, including [[Martha Beck]]
}}
'''Hugh Winder Nibley''' (March 27, 1910 – February 24, 2005) was an American scholar and
Nibley was born in [[Portland, Oregon]], and his family moved to Los Angeles, California, in 1921, where Nibley attended middle school and high school. Nibley served an [[Missionary (LDS Church)|LDS mission]] in Germany, where he learned German. After his mission, he attended the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (UCLA), where he graduated in 1934. He received his PhD from the [[University of California, Berkeley]] (UC Berkeley) in 1938. He taught various subjects at [[Claremont Colleges]] until he enlisted in the [[United States Army]] in 1942, where he was trained as an intelligence officer
Nibley became a professor at [[Brigham Young University]] (BYU) in 1946, where he taught foreign languages and Christian church history. He continued to study Egyptian and Coptic, and became the figurehead of the Institute for Ancient Studies at BYU in 1973. During his professorship, Nibley wrote articles for scholarly publications and for official LDS Church publications. Nibley published multiple series of articles in the ''Improvement Era'' as well as ''An Approach to the Book of Mormon'', which was the lesson manual for [[Priesthood of Melchizedek#Latter Day Saint movement|Melchizedek priesthood]] lessons in 1957. Nibley also published a response to the [[Joseph Smith Papyri]] as well as other articles on the [[Pearl of Great Price (Mormonism)|Pearl of Great Price]]. In addition to Nibley's church publications, he also published social commentary, often aimed at LDS culture. Nibley's work is controversial. Kent P. Jackson and Douglas F. Salmon have argued that the parallels Nibley finds between ancient culture and LDS works are selective or imprecise. Nibley's defenders like [[Louis C. Midgley]] and Shirley S. Ricks argue that his parallels are meaningful.
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In 1917, Nibley's family moved to Medford, Oregon, where his father started to manage his father's sugar beet company. The next year at age eight, Nibley was baptized into the LDS Church. The family returned to Portland after the sugar beet factory failed in 1919. In 1920, the principal at Nibley's elementary school gave all of his students an IQ test. After seeing Nibley's high scores, the principal decided to privately tutor Nibley. Nibley's parents employed a music tutor and a French tutor for their children as well.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=26–29}}
Nibley's family moved to Los Angeles in 1921, where Nibley's father participated in the burgeoning real-estate market and was part of Los Angeles's high society.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=49–50}} Nibley attended Alta Loma Middle School from 1921 until 1923. He graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1927,{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=52–54; 412}} where he was friends with [[John Cage]].{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=60}} Nibley was particularly interested in astronomy, art, and English. In order to see through his telescope unimpeded, he cut off his eyelashes. His interest in literature led him to study Old and Middle English, German, Latin, and Greek.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=52–54}} He spent the summer of 1925 working in a lumber mill.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=61}} In 1926, Nibley's poems appeared in the ''Improvement Era'' and ''The Lyric West''.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=55–56}} That same year, his family moved to a mansion. Nibley spent six weeks alone in the wilderness near [[Crater Lake]], excited to experience solitude and to "get back to nature" like the [[Transcendentalism#
Nibley's parents were worried about his social development and felt that an LDS mission would help him have more contact with people.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=85}} In November 1927, Nibley received his temple endowment, and studied at the Salt Lake Mission Home to serve an LDS mission in Germany until 1929.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=87; 412}} He spent his first three weeks in Germany learning German in Cologne with other missionaries.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=88}} After his mission, he received special permission to visit Greece for six weeks to contact other members of the LDS Church there.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=95}}
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Nibley volunteered to teach at Claremont Colleges, and he taught without pay for the 1939–1940 school year, living frugally. The next year he was probably hired as an instructor, and taught history, social philosophy, modern European history, humanities, U.S. history, history of education, Greek, and German.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=136}} He taught alongside scholars fleeing from Germany, including [[Thomas Mann]], and once co-taught a class with retired professor [[Everett Dean Martin]]. He acted as a secretary when prominent intellectuals spoke at the Committee on War Objectives and Peace Aims.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=138–139}} He studied more languages, including Irish, Babylonian, Russian, Italian, and Spanish. He sought out native speakers to converse with when possible.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=140–142}} In a letter to his friend from UC Berkeley, Paul Springer, Nibley wrote that two of his friends at [[Scripps College]] were discovered to be Nazi agents.{{sfn|Nibley|2006a|p=32}} He resigned from Claremont in June 1942, and then enlisted as a private in the United States Army for World War II.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=147}}{{sfn|Nibley|2006a|p=43}}
In the army, Nibley completed weather observation school in March 1943 after he finished basic training.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=171–172}} His commanding officer recommended him for officer training, and he attended military intelligence training in the [[United States Army Intelligence Center]] at [[Camp Ritchie]] in western Maryland.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=172–173}} He completed intelligence training on June 2. In August he started attending the second Order of Battle course.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=178–179}} Before leaving for Europe, he courted and proposed marriage to Anahid Iskian, but she refused.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=180}} Nibley became a [[Master Sergeant]] along with his fellow Order of Battle graduates.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=180}} After an OB training in [[Hyde Park Corner]], he was assigned to help compile information on German officers for the June 1944 Order of Battle Book.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=187–188}} He instructed officers and other men in the [[101st Airborne Division]] about the German Order of Battle.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=189–190}} He was part of the [[Utah Beach]] division during the [[D-Day]] invasion, and landed by glider at [[Eindhoven]] as part of [[Operation Market Garden]].{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=193–199}} Nibley gathered intelligence on German war movements from civilians, documents, and POWs.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=200}} He was the only survivor of OB team #5.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=202}} He visited [[Dachau concentration camp]] a few days after its liberation.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp= 203–204}} After being discharged from the army in November 1945, he went camping near [[Hurricane, Utah]].{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=223}}{{sfn|Nibley|2006a|p=297}}
''[[Improvement Era]]'' hired Nibley as a managing editor in 1946. On his own time, Nibley wrote a detailed response to [[Fawn M. Brodie]]'s significant biography of Joseph Smith, ''[[No Man Knows My History]]''. The response, entitled ''[[No, Ma'am, That's Not History]]'', identified flaws in Brodie's work, including the way she read the sources, but it did so using "dismissive and patronizing language".{{sfn|Helfrich|2021|p=30}}{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=225–227}} According to Ronald Helfrich, author of ''Mormon Studies: A Critical History'', ''No, Ma'am'' was "a turning point in the history of Mormon apologetics and polemics" because it used academic language in its arguments. Nibley's patronizing language, Helfrich posited, could be a reflection of Nibley's own "patriarchalism and paternalism".{{sfn|Helfrich|2021|p=30}} [[Dale Morgan]], a historian who helped Brodie while she wrote the biography, found Nibley "intoxicated with his own language".{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=225–227}}{{sfn|Helfrich|2021|p=30}} [[Richard Bushman]], famed for his own biography of Joseph Smith, after hearing the criticisms of ''No, Ma'am'', was surprised by how "on the mark" it was.{{sfn|Bushman|2010|p=9}} Nibley's rhetorical style became popular with defenders of the church, and in 1979, [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies]] (FARMS) was founded and published "Nibley-style apologetics and polemics".{{sfn|Helfrich|2021|p=30}}
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In 1957, Nibley's book ''An Approach to the Book of Mormon'' was the LDS Church's official lesson manual for Melchizedek priesthood lessons. The book drew parallels between events in the Book of Mormon and ancient Near Eastern traditions.<ref name="Welch">{{cite journal |last1=Welch |first1=John W. |title=Hugh Nibley and the Book of Mormon |journal=Ensign |date=April 1985 |url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/ensign/1985/04/hugh-nibley-and-the-book-of-mormon?lang=eng}}</ref> In an essay on Mormon historiography, [[Marvin S. Hill]] argued that many of the parallels between ancient culture and the Book of Mormon "seem as much American as they do ancient" though Hill does not go into further detail.{{sfn|Midgley|1990|pp=xxx–xxxi}} That year, Nibley received many letters with questions about religion from members who read his book. He compiled reports on various topics to answer frequently asked questions from readers and to inform general authorities.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=263}} After the manual was published, he frequently gave speeches to local church congregations.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=265}} In reviewing the third edition, published in 1988, [[William J. Hamblin]] stated that while Nibley's explanation of ancient Near Eastern culture was accurate, he drew anachronistic parallels that weakened his other, stronger arguments. Hamblin also stated that Nibley ignored significant differences between Near Eastern cultures and occurrences in the Book of Mormon.<ref name=Hamblin/>
Nibley published several series in the ''Improvement Era'' about the Book of Mormon for a general LDS audience. In 1954, Nibley discussed the circumstances around the early Christian apostasy in a series of thirty talks on a weekly devotional on [[KSL (
In 1961, Nibley published ''The Myth Makers'' through Bookcraft. In the book, Nibley countered anti-Mormon assertions about Joseph Smith in the style of a classical [[Apologetics|apologist]]. Once again, general authorities were impressed with Nibley's writings, and when [[Irving Wallace]]'s ''The Twenty-Seventh Wife'' was published, they asked Nibley to write a response. Nibley enthusiastically studied historical material about Brigham Young. He published ''Sounding Brass: Informal Studies in the Lucrative Art of Telling Stories about Brigham Young and the Mormons'', which addressed not only the claims in Wallace's book but many other claims about Brigham Young. The book includes the satirical chapter "How to Write an Anti-Mormon Book (A Handbook for Beginners)".{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=298–299}} In an essay in ''Historians and the Far West'', [[Thomas G. Alexander]] stated that ''Sounding Brass'' sarcastically points out obvious flaws in a form of "intellectual overkill". Alexander stated that orthodox Mormons would appreciate that the book bolsters their point of view, but that historians would prefer a more detailed treatment of events.{{sfn|Midgley|1990|p=xxxvii}}
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In 1967, the LDS Church acquired the Joseph Smith Papyri. The [[First Presidency (LDS Church)|First Presidency]] asked Nibley to respond to the papyri.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=308}}<!--see footnote 86--> In 1975, Nibley published a translation and commentary of the papyri. In it, Nibley argued that the text of the papyri from the Book of Breathings was connected to the LDS temple ceremony, the [[Endowment (Mormonism)|Endowment]]. Nibley continued to write about Abraham, publishing ''Abraham in Egypt'' in 1981.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=324}} He focused on showing that Joseph Smith's writings in the Pearl of Great Price were inspired and derived from ancient texts.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=326}} Marvin S. Hill criticized Nibley for comparing the Book of Abraham to records from hundreds of years after Abraham;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hill |first1=Marvin |title=The "New Mormon History" Reassessed in Light of Recent Book on Joseph Smith and Mormon Origins |journal=Dialogue |date=Autumn 1988 |volume=21 |issue=3 |pages=118–119 |url=https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/issues/V21N03.pdf |access-date=13 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120033424/https://dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/issues/V21N03.pdf |archive-date=20 January 2011 |url-status=live }}</ref> Louis Midgley criticized Hill for misunderstanding Nibley's argument, which was to compare the Book of Abraham against existent parallel literature that was unknown to Joseph Smith.{{sfn|Midgley|1990|pp=lxiv–lxv}} In a 1982 review published in ''[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought|Dialogue]]'', Eric Jay Olsen stated that Nibley's eclectic approach in ''Abraham in Egypt'' was overwhelming in its citations of obscure sources. Olsen criticized Nibley's selection of examples that supported his arguments.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Olsen |first1=Eric Jay |title=The Extremes of Eclecticism: Abraham in Egypt by Hugh Nibley |journal=Dialogue |date=Winter 1982 |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=123–125 |url=https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V15N04_125.pdf |access-date=6 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045917/https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V15N04_125.pdf |archive-date=7 December 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><!--see https://www.dialoguejournal.com/wp-content/uploads/sbi/articles/Dialogue_V15N04_127.pdf for the last page-->
In 1985, church leaders were contemplating changes to the temple endowment and asked Nibley to write on the "history and significance of the endowment" for them.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=355}} In 1986, Nibley
==Scholarship and criticism==
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In his 1988 review of ''The Complete Works of Hugh Nibley Vol. 1'' in [[BYU Studies]], [[Kent P. Jackson]] criticized Nibley for lacking sources, using sources selectively, and using sources out of context. Jackson argued that Nibley's early research was his weakest, and that some should not have been published in his collected works.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jackson |first1=Kent P. |date=Fall 1988 |title=Review of ''The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley''. Vol. 1, ''Old Testament and Related Studies'' |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43042905 |url-status=live |journal=BYU Studies |volume=28 |issue=4 |pages=114–119 |jstor=43042905 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235400/https://byustudies.byu.edu/content/collected-works-hugh-nibley-vol-1-old-testament-and-related-studies |archive-date=6 December 2018 |via=JSTOR}}</ref> In response, Louis Midgley defended Nibley's methodology, and wrote that Jackson denied the possibility of comparative studies, since all historical scholarship "involves selection among alternatives".{{sfn|Midgley|1990|p=lxxii}}
[[Eugene England]]'s review of ''Since Cumorah'' and ''Approaching Zion'', volumes 7 and 9 of Nibley's collected works, identified Nibley as a [[Cassandra]] figure. England noted that Nibley's social commentary on preserving the environment, avoiding war, and
In a 2000 issue of ''Dialogue'', Douglas F. Salmon examined Nibley's comparative method, focusing on his series of articles on Enoch written for the ''Ensign'' titled "A Strange Thing in the Land: The Return of the Book of Enoch". Salmon noted that some of the parallels Nibley found between the Pearl of Great Price and ancient texts were extremely selective, and others were imprecise, inconsequential, or misrepresented sources: "[[parallelomania]]". Salmon concluded that appropriate parallels must discuss the ancient work's language, culture, and context.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=
In [[Jerald and Sandra Tanner]]'s ''Salt Lake City Messenger'', [[Ronald V. Huggins]] wrote in 2008 that Nibley "modifies his quotations to artificially render them more supportive", and provided several examples.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huggins |first1=Ronald |title=Hugh Nibley's Footnotes |journal=Salt Lake City Messenger |date=2008 |volume=110 |url=http://www.utlm.org/newsletters/no110.htm#p9 |access-date=2018-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208225012/http://www.utlm.org/newsletters/no110.htm#p9 |archive-date=2018-12-08 |url-status=live }}</ref> Shirley S. Ricks wrote a response in the ''FARMS Review of Books''. Drawing on the experience of the people who checked Nibley's footnotes, she explained that editors or typists could introduce errors. She stated that some of Nibley's published work was not intended for publication, like his speeches, and that fact-checkers had to supply footnotes on their own.<ref name=Ricks>{{cite journal |last1=Ricks |first1=Shirley S. |title=A Sure Foundation: Review of Ronald V. Huggins. "Hugh Nibley's Footnotes." In Salt Lake City Messenger 110 (May 2008): 9–21. |journal=The FARMS Review of Books |date=2008 |volume=20 |issue=2 |access-date=6 December 2018 |url=https://publications.mi.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1431&index=11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207000806/https://publications.mi.byu.edu/fullscreen/?pub=1431&index=11 |archive-date=7 December 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ricks, along with apologists associated with [[FairMormon|FAIR]] (formerly FairMormon), assert that while Nibley's arguments could be overly-aggressive, and his footnotes could have errors for many reasons, Nibley did not fabricate his sources.<ref name=Ricks/><ref>{{cite web |title=Question: Did Mormon scholar Hugh Nibley fake or distort most of his footnotes? |url=https://www.fairmormon.org/answers/Question:_Did_Mormon_scholar_Hugh_Nibley_fake_or_distort_most_of_his_footnotes%3F |website=FairMormon |publisher=The Foundation for Apologetic Information and Research, Inc |access-date=6 December 2018 }}</ref> Addressing Huggins's criticisms directly, Ricks argued that Nibley's translation style could be more poetic than literal, and that Nibley saw translation as a commentary in itself.<ref name=Ricks/>
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From 1982 to 1984, Hugh's son Alex Nibley organized the filming of interviews with Nibley to use in a documentary about his life called ''Faith of an Observer''.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=375–376}} [[Sterling Van Wagenen]] was a producer.<ref>{{cite web |title=Sterling G Van Wagenen – Home – Faculty Profile – The University of Utah |url=https://faculty.utah.edu/u0868495-Sterling_G_Van_Wagenen/hm/index.hml |website=faculty.utah.edu |publisher=University of Utah |access-date=26 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204193450/https://faculty.utah.edu/u0868495-Sterling_G_Van_Wagenen/hm/index.hml |archive-date=4 February 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Faith of an Observer: Conversations with Hugh Nibley {{!}} Mormon Literature & Creative Arts Database {{!}} HBLL |url=https://mormonarts.lib.byu.edu/works/the-faith-of-an-observer/ |website=mormonarts.lib.byu.edu |publisher=Brigham Young University}}</ref> It premiered at Hugh's special 75th birthday celebration at BYU.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Udarbe |first1=Jonette |title=Hugh Nibley film to run this week |url=https://archive.org/details/dailyuniverse38182prov/page/n5/mode/2up |work=Daily Universe |date=19 August 1985}}</ref> After John Welch organized FARMS, he and Deseret Book agreed to co-publish a collected works of Hugh Nibley. The first volume was published in 1986 and 14 volumes were printed by 2002.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|pp=374; 397}} FARMS also published a two-volume [[Festschrift]] in honor of Nibley's 80th birthday. The collection included essays by [[Aziz Suryal Atiya|Aziz Atiya]], [[James H. Charlesworth|James Charlesworth]], [[Cyrus H. Gordon|Cyrus Gordon]], [[Jacob Milgrom]], [[Jacob Neusner]], and [[Raphael Patai]].{{sfn|Lundquist|Ricks|1990|p=xiv}} When the Ancient Studies Reading Room in the Harold B. Lee Library was relocated in 2001, it was renamed the Hugh Nibley Ancient Studies Reading Room.{{sfn|Petersen|2002|p=404}} Alex Nibley later compiled Hugh's World War II memories in ''Sargeant Nibley, PhD'', which was published in 2006. He gave the materials for his final book to FARMS in the fall of 2002, which was published in March 2010 as commemoration for what would have been his 100th birthday.<ref>[https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/insights/vol27/iss2/4/ "Contributions Sought for Completion of the Collected Works of Hugh Nibley"] ''Insights,'' Volume 27, Issue 2. Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute</ref> His obituary reported that he was fluent in 14 languages.<ref name=LATimes/> In 2021, the Interpreter Foundation and Eborn books published ''Hugh Nibley Observed'', which collected the speeches given at the 2010 commemoration of Nibley's centennial as well as tributes and Nibley folklore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Hugh Nibley Observed |url=https://interpreterfoundation.org/books/hugh-nibley-observed/ |website=interpreterfoundation.org |date=26 March 2021 |publisher=The Interpreter Foundation |access-date=17 February 2023}}</ref>
Nibley was a [[Mormon folklore|Mormon folk legend]] during his lifetime, and frequently members of the LDS Church told fantastic stories about him.<ref name="sunstonefolk">{{cite journal |last1=Petersen |first1=Boyd |date=December 2002 |title=Truth is Stranger Than Folklore: Hugh Nibley--The Man and the Legend |url=https://www.sunstonemagazine.com/pdf/125-18-23.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Sunstone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181206235604/https://www.sunstonemagazine.com/pdf/125-18-23.pdf |archive-date=2018-12-06 |access-date=2018-12-06 |ref={{sfnref|Petersen|2002b}}}}</ref>{{sfn|Brady|1996|p=9}} A ''[[Sunstone (magazine)|Sunstone]]'' magazine article documenting several common folk stories (some of questionable veracity) reported that Latter-day Saints would talk of Nibley, for example, shouting quotes from the ''Illiad'' while a parachutist in World War II in an attempt to convince Greeks he was friendly, or absent-mindedly recommending German readings to a student without considering the student's inability to read the language.<ref name="sunstonefolk" /> In her thesis on Nibley folklore, Jane Brady found that Nibley stories could be organized into five categories based on the role Nibley played in them: hero, iconoclast, eccentric, spiritual guide, and defender of the faith.{{sfn|Brady|1996|p=4}} Brady put Nibley stories into the context of folklore stories, stating that they illustrated ways that the people who told the stories within BYU's community felt about their own roles as LDS scholars.{{sfn|Brady|1996|p=8}}
Nibley's 1963 speech "Three Shrines: Mantic, Sophic, and Sophistic" distinguished between the [[sophic and mantic]], or a classical tradition of distinguishing between the natural and supernatural. H. Curtis Wright, a professor in BYU's library science program, described Nibley's work with sophic and mantic as "the most insightful thing [Nibley] has ever done" describing the idea as "far more basic than the epistemological disjunction of reason and the senses".{{sfn|Wright|1991|p=62}}
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===Martha Beck's claims===
Nibley's daughter [[Martha Beck]] published ''Leaving the Saints: How I Lost the Mormons and Found My Faith'' in 2005, describing her departure from the LDS Church, and claiming in 1990 she had
==Selected publications==
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}}
*{{cite book
|last1 = Nibley
|first1 = Hugh
|last2 = Ricks
|first2 = Stephen D.
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1986
|title = Enoch the Prophet
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/enoch-the-prophet/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-047-X
|volume = 2
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230449/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/enoch-the-prophet/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
Line 171 ⟶ 175:
|title = The World and the Prophets
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-world-and-the-prophets/
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131105040320/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-world-and-the-prophets/
|url-status = dead
|archive-date = November 5, 2013
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-078-X
Line 176 ⟶ 183:
}}
*{{cite book
|last1 = Nibley
|first1 = Hugh
|last2 = Compton
|first2 = Todd M.
|last3 = Ricks
|first3 = Stephen D.
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1987
|title = Mormonism and Early Christianity
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/mormonism-and-early-christianity/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-127-1
|volume = 4
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230407/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/mormonism-and-early-christianity/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
Line 212 ⟶ 223:
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Nibley
|first = Hugh
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1988
|title = An Approach to the Book of Mormon
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/an-approach-to-the-book-of-mormon/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-138-7
|volume = 6
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220183320/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/an-approach-to-the-book-of-mormon/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
Line 238 ⟶ 253:
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Nibley
|first = Hugh
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1989
|title = The Prophetic Book of Mormon
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-prophetic-book-of-mormon/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-179-4
|volume = 8
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230539/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-prophetic-book-of-mormon/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
|last1 = Nibley
|first1 = Hugh
|last2 = Norton
|first2 = Don E.
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1989
|title = Approaching Zion
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/approaching-zion/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-252-9
|volume = 9
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230533/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/approaching-zion/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
|last1 = Nibley
|first1 = Hugh
|last2 = Parry
|first2 = Donald W.
|last3 = Ricks
|first3 = Stephen D.
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1991
|title = Ancient State: The Rulers & the Ruled
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-ancient-state/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-375-4
|volume = 10
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230540/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-ancient-state/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
|last1 = Nibley
|first1 = Hugh
|last2 = Whittaker
|first2 = David J.
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1991
|title = Tinkling Cymbals and Sounding Brass: The Art of Telling Tales about Joseph Smith and Brigham Young
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/tinkling-cymbals-and-sounding-brass/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-516-1
|volume = 11
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230826/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/tinkling-cymbals-and-sounding-brass/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
|last1 = Nibley
|first1 = Hugh
|last2 = Norton
|first2 = Don E.
|author-mask = 2
|year = 1992
|title = Temple and Cosmos: Beyond This Ignorant Present
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/temple-and-cosmos/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 0-87579-523-4
|volume = 12
|access-date = 2015-06-21
|archive-date = 2015-07-09
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150709074215/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/temple-and-cosmos/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
Line 322 ⟶ 357:
}}
*{{cite book
|last = Nibley
|first = Hugh
|author-mask = 2
|year = 2000
|title = Abraham in Egypt
|url = http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-prophetic-book-of-mormon/
|publisher = Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies
|isbn = 1-57345-527-X
|volume = 14
|access-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-date = 2013-12-20
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131220230539/http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-prophetic-book-of-mormon/
|url-status = dead
}}
*{{cite book
Line 415 ⟶ 454:
*[https://sites.lib.byu.edu/nibley/ Collected Works of Hugh Nibley] and subject index at the [[Harold B. Lee Library]]
*[https://archives.lib.byu.edu/repositories/ltpsc/resources/upb_mss2721 Hugh Nibley papers, MSS 2721] at the [[L. Tom Perry Special Collections]], [[Harold B. Lee Library]], [[Brigham Young University]]
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Book of Mormon scholars]]
[[Category:Mormon studies scholars]]
[[Category:
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