Low German: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added
(11 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 47:
in the Low German of Germany as {{lang|nds|Plattdütsch}}, {{lang|nds|Plattdüütsch}}, {{lang|nds|Plattdütsk}}, {{lang|nds|Plattdüütsk}}, {{lang|nds|Plattduitsk}} (South-Westphalian), {{lang|nds|Plattduitsch}} (Eastphalian), {{lang|nds|Plattdietsch}} (Low Prussian), or {{lang|nds|Neddersassisch}}, or {{lang|nds|Nedderdüütsch}};
in the [[Dutch Low Saxon|Low Saxon of the Netherlands]] as {{lang|nds|Nedersaksisch}};
in ([[Standard German|Standard]]) [[High German languages|High German]] as {{lang|de|Plattdeutsch}}, {{lang|de|Niedersächsisch}}, {{lang|de|Niederdeutsch}} (in a stricter sense) or {{lang|de|Platt}}, {{IPA-|de|plat|pron|De-Platt.ogg}} (which can also mean ''dialect'' and refer to non-Low German varieties);
in [[Dutch language|Dutch]] as {{lang|nl|Saksisch}}, {{lang|nl|Nedersaksisch}}, {{lang|nl|Platduits}}, {{lang|nl|Nederduits}} {{IPA-|nl|ˈneːdərdœyts||Nl-Nederduits.ogg}} (in a stricter sense);
in [[Danish language|Danish]] as {{lang|da|Plattysk}};
plus, other dialectal variants exist.}} is a [[West Germanic languages|West Germanic]] [[language variety|language]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Regionalsprache Niederdeutsch |url=https://www.aussiedlerbeauftragte.de/Webs/AUSB/DE/themen/minderheiten-sprachgruppen/niederdeutsch/niederdeutsch.html;jsessionid=774195D52D5278EE9DF1B4DDA3B3AFDC.1_cid373?nn=11582092 |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=Beauftragte für Aussiedlerfragen und nationale Minderheiten |language=de}}</ref><ref>Hubertus Menke: ''Niederdeutsch: Eigenständige Sprache oder Varietät einer Sprache?'' In: Schmitsdorf et al. (Hrsgg.): ''Lingua Germanica. Studien zur deutschen Philologie. Jochen Splett zum 60. Geburtstag.'' Münster 1998, S.&nbsp;171–184.</ref> spoken mainly in [[Northern Germany]] and the northeastern [[Netherlands]]. The dialect of [[Plautdietsch]] is also spoken in the [[Russian Mennonite]] diaspora worldwide.
Line 2,107:
|Fu'''chs'''
|vo'''ks'''
|fosvos
|foss
|fu'''x'''
Line 3,085:
|}
 
Similar to English and Dutch, theSynthetic subjunctive hasverb beenforms lostare inmostly mostidentical Low German dialects. Instead, it is formed byusingto the indicative forms of the past tense and the pluperfect tense. Whether- amuch tenselike orDutch aand modeEnglish. formIt is present canthus only be determinedrecognizable from the factual context of a sentence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.1.7.1.3 Konjunktiv mit Indikativformen - SASS Plattdeutsche Grammatik |url=https://sass-platt.de/plattdeutsche-grammatik/2-1-7-1-3-Konjunktiv-mit-Indikativformen.html |access-date=2023-09-28 |website=sass-platt.de}}</ref> It is often formed periphrastically by using the helping verbs ''woor'', ''schull'', ''wull'', and ''dee'': "Ik woor/wöör/worr/wurr mi freuen, wenn Vader noch lang leev" (I would be glad if father still lived for a long time).<ref>{{Cite web |title=2.1.7.1.4 Umschreibung des Konjunktivs (der Möglichkeitsform) mit woor/schull/wull/dee - SASS Plattdeutsche Grammatik |url=https://sass-platt.de/plattdeutsche-grammatik/2-1-7-1-4-Umschreibung-mit-woor-schull-wull-dee.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=sass-platt.de}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
Line 3,130:
|bluiven (to stay)
|he blaiw (I stayed)
|he bliewe (he would Starstay)
|-
|kriupen (to crawl)
Line 3,217:
As mentioned above, alternative undeclined forms such as ''dat lütt Land'', ''de lütt Lannen'', ''en stark Kerl'', ''de stark Kerl'', ''stark Kerls'', ''de stark Kerls'' etc. can occur.
 
<big>'''===Nouns'''</big>===
 
The Westphalian and Eastphalian dialects have also preserved the so-called ''dative'' -e. In Middle Low German times, nounsadding whosea genitive form ended in (e)s were formed in the dative case, in which an additionalfinal -e was added to the end of the word. Although the genitive has died outmasculine and isneuter only preservednouns in fixed idioms, the dative -e has been preservedcase.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merkmale des Westfälischen |url=https://www.plattdeutsch-niederdeutsch.net/westf.htm |access-date=2023-10-05 |website=www.plattdeutsch-niederdeutsch.net}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+