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[[File:Jfk-appleton.jpg|thumb|right|President [[John F. Kennedy]], codename "Lancer" with First Lady [[Jacqueline Kennedy]], codename "Lace"]]
The [[United States Secret Service]] uses [[code name]]s for [[President of the United States|U.S. presidents]], [[First Lady of the United States|first ladies]], and other [[Very Important Person|prominent persons]] and locations.<ref name="junior">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/eise/secret16.htm |title=Junior Secret Service Program: Assignment 7. Code Names |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=2007-08-18}}</ref> The use of such names was originally for security purposes and dates to a time when sensitive [[Telecommunications|electronic communications]] were not routinely [[Secure communication|encrypted]]; today, the names simply serve for purposes of brevity, clarity, and tradition.<ref name="cbs-codenames">{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/09/16/earlyshow/main4452073.shtml?|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919214445/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/09/16/earlyshow/main4452073.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-date=September 19, 2008|work=RSSattr=Politics_4452073 |title=Candidate Code Names Secret Service Monikers Used on the Campaign Trail |publisher=CBS News |date=2008-09-16|access-date= 2008-11-12}}</ref><ref name="eurweb-codenames">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurweb.com/story/eur48530.cfm |title=Obama's Secret Service Code Name Revealed |publisher=Eurweb |date=2008-09-16 |access-date=2008-11-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107194453/http://www.eurweb.com/story/eur48530.cfm |archive-date=2009-01-07}}</ref> The Secret Service does not choose these names, however. The [[White House Communications Agency]] maintains a list that candidates choose from, often choosing ones that resonate with them personally.<ref name=Pioneer/><ref name="chicagotribune-obama1">{{Cite news |last=Huppke |first=Rex W. |date=2008-11-10 |title='Renegade' joins 'Twinkle,' 'Rawhide,' 'Lancer' on list of Secret Service code names |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-secret-service-code-names-obama,0,2687400.story |work=Chicago Tribune |access-date=2008-11-12}}</ref>
According to an established protocol, good codewords are unambiguous words that can be easily pronounced and readily understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their [[First language|native language]]. Traditionally, all family members' code names start with the same letter.<ref name=Pioneer/>
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==Presidents and their families==
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Woodrow Wilson]]
** [[Edith Wilson]] – Grandma<ref name=OneNation>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wQ8M-AWidAUC&pg=PA72 |title=One Nation Under Sex: How the Private Lives of Presidents, First Ladies and Their Lovers Changed the Course of American History |isbn=9780230120358 |last1=Flynt |first1=Larry |author-link=Larry Flynt |first2=David |last2=Eisenbach |date=26 April 2011 }}</ref>
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* [[Harry S. Truman]] – General<ref name="chicagotribune-obama1" /> or Supervise<ref name=Kahn>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wAkPzAdYQXsC&pg=PA160 |pages=160–166 |title=The Secret Service of Alan Kahn |first=Steven |last=Scher |date=5 February 2010 |isbn=9781450026413 }}</ref><ref name=Kessler>{{cite book|title=In the President's Secret Service: Behind the Scenes with Agents in the Line of Fire and the Presidents They Protect|year=2009|publisher=Crown Publishing Group|last=Kessler|first=Ronald|isbn=9780307461353|url=https://archive.org/details/inpresidentssecr00kess|url-access=registration}}</ref>
** [[Bess Truman]] – Sunnyside<ref name="Kahn" /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name=Flying />
* [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] – Scorecard<ref name="junior" /> or Providence<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="AF1" />
** [[Mamie Eisenhower]] – Springtime<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name=Flying /><ref name="AF1" /><ref name=China />
** [[David Eisenhower]] – Sahara<ref name="China" />
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** [[Rose Kennedy]] – Coppertone<ref name=Kahn />
** [[Ethel Kennedy]] – Sundance<ref name=Kahn />
* [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] – Volunteer<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="AF1" />
** [[Lady Bird Johnson]] – Victoria<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="AF1" /><ref>
** [[Lynda Bird Johnson Robb|Lynda Bird Johnson]] – Velvet<ref name="AF1" /><ref>
** [[Luci Baines Johnson]] – Venus<ref name=Kahn /><ref name="AF1" />
* [[Richard Nixon]] – Searchlight<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="AF1" /><ref name=China>{{cite book|title=China Calls: Paving the Way for Nixon's Historic Journey to China|author=Anne Collins Walker|year=2012|isbn=978-1568332666|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gbP4LoHgq10C}}</ref><ref name=great11 />
** [[Pat Nixon]] – Starlight<ref name=Kahn /><ref name="AF1" />
** [[Patricia Nixon Cox]] – Sugarfoot<ref name=China /><ref name=FDC>{{
** [[Edward F. Cox]] – Seminole<ref name="China" />
** [[Julie Nixon Eisenhower]] – Sunbonnet<ref name="China" /><ref name="FDC" />
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** [[Hillary Clinton]] – Evergreen<ref name=Kessler /><ref name="AF1" />
** [[Chelsea Clinton]] – Energy<ref name="AF1" />
** [[Roger Clinton Jr.]] - no code name, press claimed was Headache <ref name=Kessler /><ref>Watson, Robert. "Life in the White House: A Social History of the First Family and The President's House". State University of New York Press, 2004, p. 125.</ref>
* [[George W. Bush]] – Tumbler,<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="Moscow News">{{cite news|url=http://mnweekly.ru/world/20081114/55356806.html |title=Obama becomes 'Renegade' on U.S. secret service list |work=Moscow News №45 2008 |publisher=Moscow News |access-date=2008-11-14 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081225061756/http://www.mnweekly.ru/world/20081114/55356806.html |archive-date=December 25, 2008 }}</ref> later Trailblazer<ref name=Kessler /><ref name="AF1" /><ref name="BBC" />
** [[Laura Bush]] – Tempo<ref name=Kahn /><ref name="AF1" /><ref name="BBC" />
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* [[Joe Biden]] – Celtic<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="Guardian">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/deadlineusa/2008/sep/12/sarahpalin.uselections2008 |title=What's in a (Secret Service code) name|access-date=2008-09-14 |work=The Guardian |location=London |first=Elana |last=Schor |date=2008-09-12}}</ref>
** [[Jill Biden]] – Capri<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Kessler /><ref name="cbs-codenames"/>
** [[Hunter Biden]] – Captain<ref name="Newsweek">{{cite news |url=https://www.newsweek.com/secret-service-speaks-out-hunter-biden-jail-sentence-1912507 |title=Secret Service Speaks Out About Hunter Biden Jail Sentence name|access-date=2024-06-19 |work=Newsweek |first=Katherine |last=Fung |date=2024-06-13}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
==Vice presidents and their families==
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* [[Mike Pence]] – Hoosier<ref name=Pence/>
** [[Karen Pence]] – Hummingbird<ref name=Pence/>
* [[Kamala Harris]] – Pioneer<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pengelly |first=Martin |date=2020-08-18 |title=Kamala Harris reportedly chooses apt Secret Service code name: Pioneer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/aug/18/kamala-harris-secret-service-code-name |access-date=2024-07-16 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref>
==Political candidates and their spouses==
U.S. Secret Service codenames are often given to high-profile political candidates (such as presidential and vice presidential candidates), and their respective families and spouses who are assigned U.S. Secret Service protection. These codenames often differ from those held if they are elected or those from prior periods if they held positions needing codenames.
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
===1968===
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===1976===
* [[Jimmy Carter]] – Dasher or Deacon<ref>[https://
* [[Bob Dole]] – Ramrod<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Anderson>
** [[Elizabeth Dole]] – Rainbow<ref name=Anderson /><ref name=Rainbow />
* [[Morris Udall]] – Dashboard<ref name=Brereton>
===1980===
* [[John B. Anderson]] – Miracle,<ref name=Kahn /> Starburst<ref name=Kahn /> or Stardust<ref name=Kahn />
** Keke Anderson – Scarlet<ref name=Kahn /><ref>
* [[George H. W. Bush]] – Sheepskin (During 1980 Campaign) <ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=a1tOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OvkDAAAAIBAJ |title=Texas Next: Can Carter win there? |work=Spokane Daily Chronicle |date=April 28, 1980 }}</ref>
* [[Phil Crane]] – Swordfish<ref name=Kahn />
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* [[Geraldine Ferraro]] – Duster<ref name=Duster>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=h8kfAAAAIBAJ&pg=3836,675481 |title=Duster: Women can do anything |work=The Southeast Missourian |date=November 5, 1984 }}</ref>
** [[John Zaccaro]] – N/A (Declined Secret Service Protection)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/07/19/Personality-SpotlightNEWLNJohn-Zaccaro-Husband-of-Geraldine-Ferraro/3103459057600/ |title=Personality Spotlight:John Zaccaro: Husband of Geraldine Ferraro |date=July 19, 1984 |work=UPI }}</ref>
* [[John Glenn]] – Iron<ref name=Windsor1984>
* [[Jesse Jackson]] – Thunder<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Anderson /><ref name=Duster /><ref name=Windsor1984 /><ref name=Pontiac>{{
* [[Walter Mondale]] – Dragon<ref name=Duster /><ref name=Windsor1984 />
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** [[Elizabeth Dole]] – Pioneer
* [[Jack Kemp]] – Champion<ref name=Bump/>
**
===2000===
* [[Joe Lieberman]] – Laser<ref name=Bump>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/28/here-are-the-2016-candidates-secret-service-code-names-and-your-own/ The Fix-Here are the 2016 candidates’ Secret Service code names — and your own]</ref><ref>
** [[Hadassah Lieberman]] – Liberty<ref>
===2004===
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** John Sidney McCain IV – Popeye<ref name="twitter-2010-11-13" />
** Bridget McCain – Pebbles<ref name="twitter-2010-11-13" />
* [[Sarah Palin]] – Denali<ref name=Kessler /><ref name="wapost-denali">{{cite news |url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/09/10/palin_code_name_denali.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405184821/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/the-trail/2008/09/10/palin_code_name_denali.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 5, 2012 |title=Palin Code Name: 'Denali'|access-date= 2008-09-14 |work=The Washington Post}}</ref>
** [[Todd Palin]] – Driller<ref name=Kessler /><ref name="wapost-denali" />
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* [[Ben Carson]] – Eli<ref name=fox2016/>
* [[Tim Kaine]] – Daredevil<ref name=Bump/>
** [[Anne Holton]] – Dogwood<ref>
* [[Bernie Sanders]] – Intrepid<ref name=Intrepid>
===2020===
* [[Bernie Sanders]] – Intrepid<ref name=Intrepid/>
* [[Kamala Harris]] – Pioneer<ref name=Pioneer>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/08/17/politics/kamala-harris-secret-service-code-name-pioneer/index.html|title=First on CNN: Kamala Harris chooses 'Pioneer' as her Secret Service code name|publisher=CNN|date=August 17, 2020}}</ref>
===2024===
* [[J.D. Vance]] - Bobcat<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/lifestyle/jd-vances-secret-service-code-name-unveiled-mogul-bid-white-house |title=JD Vance gets Secret Service code name 'Bobcat,' joins 'Mogul' in bid to take White House |publisher=Fox News |date=2024-07-26 |access-date=2024-07-26}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
==Government officials==
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*** [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Dean Rusk]] – Freedom<ref name=Death />
** Staff
*** [[Rear admiral (United States)|Rear Adm.]] George Burkley ([[Physician to the President|Physician to the president]]) – Market<ref name=Death /><ref>{{
*** Senior military aide [[Chester Victor Clifton Jr.|General Chester Clifton]] – Watchman<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Death />
*** Associate [[White House Press Secretary|Press Secretary]] [[Andrew Hatcher]] – Winner<ref name=Kahn />
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** Staff
*** [[Walter Jenkins]] – Vigilant<ref name=Death>{{cite book|title=The Death of a President: November 20 – November 25, 1963|last=Manchester|first=William|year=2013|isbn=978-0316370721|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xX5dAAAAQBAJ}}</ref>
*** [[Pierre Salinger]] – Wayside<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=Death /><ref>{{
* [[Nixon Administration]]
** Cabinet
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*** Senior assistant [[Clark MacGregor]] – Whipcrack<ref name=China />
*** Assistant for Legislative Affairs [[William Timmons (lobbyist)|William Timmons]] – Windowpane<ref name=China />
*** Dr. [[Walter R. Tkach|Walter Tkach]] (Physician to the president) – Signature<ref name=China />
*** Director of the White House Office of Presidential Advance, later Director of the [[National Park Service]], [[Ronald H. Walker]] – Roadrunner<ref name=China />
*** Personal secretary [[Rose Mary Woods]] – Strawberry<ref name=Kahn /><ref name=China />
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<!--Obama Administration-->
* [[Obama Administration]]
** Chief of Staff [[Rahm Emanuel]] – Black Hawk<ref>
** [[Tim Geithner]] – Fencing Master (generic codename for [[United States Secretary of the Treasury|Secretary of the Treasury]])<ref>
* [[Trump Administration]]
** [[Counselor to the President|Senior Counselor to the President]] [[Kellyanne Conway]] – Blueberry<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2017/03/kellyanne-conway-trumps-first-lady.html|title = Kellyanne Conway is the Real First Lady of Trump's America|date = March 18, 2017}}</ref>
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** [[Charles III|King Charles III]] – Principal<ref name=Kahn /> or Unicorn<ref name=Kahn /><ref name="Standing Next to History" />
* [[United States]]
** Senator [[Howard Baker]] (R-Tennessee) – Snapshot<ref name=Kahn /><ref>
** Actor [[Antonio Banderas]] – Zorro<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top Not-So- Secret Service Codenames |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/top-secret-service-codenames/story?id=15962814 |access-date=2023-05-06 |website=ABC News |language=en}}</ref>
** [[United States House of Representatives|Congressman]] and [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Thomas P. O'Neill|Thomas P. "Tip" O'Neill]] – [[Flag Day (United States)|Flag Day]]<ref name=Flying>{{cite book|title=The flying White House: the story of Air Force One|year=1979|publisher=Bantam Books|author1=Jerald F. TerHorst|author2=Ralph Albertazzie|isbn=9780698109308|url=https://archive.org/details/flyingwhitehouse00ter_evv|url-access=registration}}</ref>
** [[Florida]] banker and businessman, confidant of President Nixon, [[Bebe Rebozo]] – Christopher<ref name=Kahn />
** Social secretary to First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, and mistress to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, [[Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd]] – Mrs. Johnson<ref>{{
** Singer and actor [[Frank Sinatra]] – Napoleon<ref name=Kahn /><ref>{{cite book|last=Loizeau |first=Pierre-Marie|title=Nancy Reagan: The Woman Behind the Man|publisher=Nova Publishers|year=2004|page=91|isbn=1-59033-759-X}}</ref>
** [[United States Senate|Senator]] [[Strom Thurmond]] (R-South Carolina) – Footprint<ref name=Kahn />
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** [[Pope John Paul II]] – Halo<ref name=Kahn /><ref name="BBC" />
==Locations, objects, places and
U.S. Secret Service codenames are not only given to people; they are often given to places, locations and even objects, such as aircraft like [[Air Force One]], and vehicles such as the [[Presidential State Car (United States)|Presidential State Car]].
* [[Joint Base Andrews]], in [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's County]], [[Maryland]] – Acrobat or Andy<ref name="how-to">{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Stephen P. |title=How to be President |year=2004 |publisher=Chronicle Books |location=San Francisco |isbn=0-8118-4316-5 |url=https://archive.org/details/howtobepresident00will }}</ref>
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* [[J. Edgar Hoover Building]] ([[FBI]] Headquarters) – Cork<ref name="Manchester" />
* [[Lyndon B. Johnson National Historical Park|Lyndon Baines Johnson's ranch]] – Volcano<ref name="Manchester" />
* Secret Service Counterassault Team – Hawkeye<ref name=Investigates>[https://apnews.com/article/secret-service-trump-rally-4e3415b1461f5acefbc8e1fadad0375b The Secret Service is investigating how a man who shot and injured Trump was able to get so close]</ref>
* Secret Service Counter-sniper Team – Hercules<ref name=Investigates/>
==In fiction==
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In popular culture, the practice of assigning codenames is often used to provide additional [[verisimilitude (fiction)|verisimilitude]] in fictional works about the executive branch, or high-ranking governmental figures.
* ''[[1600 Penn]]''
** [[First family of the United States|First Son]] Standrich "Skip" Gilchrist Jr. – Meatball<ref>
* ''[[Air Force One (film)|Air Force One]]''
** President James Marshall – Boy Scout<ref>[http://www.awesomefilm.com/script/AirForceOne_TXT.htm Air Force One script]</ref>
* ''[[The American President]]''
** President Andrew Shepherd – Liberty<ref>
* ''[[Chasing Liberty]]''
** [[First family of the United States|First Daughter]] Anna Foster – Liberty<ref>{{cite video |people=Andy Cadiff (director) |title=Chasing Liberty |medium=Film/DVD |publisher=Warner Brothers |location=Los Angeles |date=2004}}</ref>
* ''[[Designated Survivor (TV series)|Designated Survivor]]''
** President Tom Kirkman – Phoenix (formerly Glasses during his time as Secretary of Housing and Urban Development)<ref>
* ''[[First Daughter (2004 film)|First Daughter]]''
** [[First family of the United States|First Daughter]] Samantha Mackenzie – Lucky Charm<ref>
* ''[[First Kid]]''
** President Paul Davenport – Eagle<ref name="FK">{{Cite web |url=http://www.prairienet.org/ejahiel/firstkid.htm |title=First Kid review |access-date=2008-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517054131/http://www.prairienet.org/ejahiel/firstkid.htm |archive-date=2008-05-17 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
** [[First family of the United States|First Son]] Luke Davenport – Prince<ref name="FK" />
* ''[[House of Cards (American TV series)|House of Cards]]''
** President [[Claire Underwood]] - Lone Star
* ''[[In the Line of Fire]]''
** The President – Traveler<ref>
* ''[[Jericho (2006 TV series)|Jericho]]''
** President Jon Tomarchio – Condor<ref>[[List of jericho episodes#Season 2]]</ref>
* ''[[The Night Agent]]''
** Maddie Redfield (VP Daughter) — Badger
** Omar Zadar (PIF leader) — Osprey
* ''[[The Prodigal Daughter]]''
** President Florentyna Kane – Baroness<ref>{{cite book |last=Archer |first=Jeffrey |author-link=Jeffrey Archer |title=The Prodigal Daughter |year=1982 |publisher=St. Martin's Paperbacks |isbn=978-0-312-99714-4 |page=496 |url=https://archive.org/details/prodigaldaughter0000arch |url-access=registration }}</ref>
** [[First family of the United States|First Son]] Alexander Claremont-Diaz — Barracuda▼
** [[First family of the United States|First Daughter]] June Claremont-Diaz — Bluebonnet▼
* ''[[Scandal (TV series)|Scandal]]''
** President Fitzgerald Thomas "Fitz" Grant III – Falcon<ref name ="Scandal Transcript S6 E08">
** First Lady Melody Margaret "Mellie" Grant – Foxtail<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/83338-why-is-mellie-foxtail-on-scandal-this-could-be-mellies-move-to-presidency|title=Why
** [[White House Chief of Staff]] Abigail "Abby" Whelan – Firebrand<ref name ="Scandal Transcript S6 E08" />
* ''[[The Sentinel (2006 film)|The Sentinel]]''
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** Gus Westin (grandson of [[Josiah Bartlet|Jed Bartlet]]) – Tonka<ref name="wwtranscript112">{{cite web |url=http://www.westwingtranscripts.com/search.php?flag=getTranscript&id=99 |title=The West Wing Transcripts – Episode 509 |access-date=2010-09-21}}</ref>
** [[Arnold Vinick]] – Big Sur<ref name="wwtranscript113">{{cite web |url=http://www.livedash.com/transcript/the_west_wing-(the_mommy_problem)/7242/BRAVOP/Thursday_August_26_2010/423149/ |title=The West Wing, Episode 7.03, LiveDash TV Transcript |access-date=2011-04-15 }}</ref>
▲*[[Red, White & Royal Blue|Red, White and Royal Blue]]
▲** [[First family of the United States|First Son]] Alexander Claremont-Diaz — Barracuda
▲** [[First family of the United States|First Daughter]] June Claremont-Diaz — Bluebonnet
==See also==
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